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Australia's News Media Bargaining Code requires Google and Facebook to negotiate payments with news publishers for news content appearing on the platforms. Facebook and Google lobbied against the code through a highly visible public-facing campaign which included a series of blogs, videos and pop-up communications across their interfaces including News Feeds, Google Search and Home Page, and You Tube, and culminated in Facebook banning Australian users from accessing Australian news and related content. This article presents the findings of a detailed study of platform discourse in response to the News Media Bargaining Code, using critical discourse analysis, and drawing on theoretical frameworks from Althusser, Foucault and Chun. It also investigates the role of the user interface in platform power, particularly how platform users are interpellated by digital platforms. The findings suggest Facebook and Google's discursive strategies were deployed to protect, strengthen and enforce platform sovereignty. The case study offers lessons for platform regulation globally in understanding how platforms respond to legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused dashboards to become widely used by the public and decision-makers. Nevertheless, dashboard interfaces have been related to business intelligence since their origins, and the search for improvements in their design is not new. This article's objective is to conduct a user evaluation of COVID-19 dashboards that contain geospatial information. This is done through a formative study to identify problematic aspects of user/dashboard interaction. This is enhanced by comparing two self-developed dashboards that, according to previous tests, have functionalities with different appearances. User evaluation is performed through mixed research that combines objective (eye-tracking) and subjective (a questionnaire and an interview) methods. The results generate recommendations for better-designed dashboard interfaces that can transfer information appropriately. The vital elements needed to achieve this are interactivity, the option to choose the metrics, and the distribution of the elements in the layout, all playing a role in a more user-friendly interaction between the user and the dashboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow experience is one of the most ambitious targets of any user interface designer. However, it has remained elusive to evaluate how well user interfaces give rise to flow experience outside conducting invasive self-reporting-based questionnaires, which remove the users from the flow experience and can't be massively applied. At the same time, otherwise, well-built systems do track the behaviour of users on the interface, and therefore, user behaviour data could act as a reliable proxy for assessing the experience of users. Currently, there is little empirical research or data about which indices of user behaviours might correspond with having a flow experience as well as the different psychological constituents of the flow experience. Therefore, facing the challenge of using users' behaviour data to model users' experience, we investigated the associations between users' behaviour data (e.g. mouse clicks, activity time in the system, and average response time) and their self-reported flow experience by using data mining (i.e. associations rules) analysing data from 204 subjects. Results demonstrate that the speed of users' actions negatively affects the flow experience antecedents while also positively affecting the loss of self-consciousness. Our study advances the literature, providing insights to identify users' flow experience through behaviour data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye-controlled human-computer interaction (ECHCI) attracts attention for its human-centered, natural and direct operation characteristics. The most common ECHCI trigger motion is "gazing," which causes Midas Touch problems, lowering usability and operation experience. This paper innovatively proposed using motion combinations based on blinking as the trigger of interactive objects (IOs). Trigger motions and IO design parameters were explored on the platform consisting of Tobii eye-tracker and computer vision kits. In the motion experiment, it was concluded 2-blinks could bring a low task load and high success rate of 95%. In the IO size experiment, the larger the IO diameter, the shorter the users' response time and the higher users' interaction success rate, and 55.5 mm was the optimal setting. Based on this, it was found a larger spacing could bring higher operation efficiency, and 33.3 mm was taken as the recommended value. Based on the conclusion above, an eye-controlled multimedia player prototype was built for usability evaluation, which showed an equally high efficiency compared to mouse-controlled HCI. The findings in this paper overcame Midas Touch issues and avoided the interference of unavoidable involuntary blinking, which brought a significant increase in system robustness and has a wide range of potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated a "hand cursor" technique which used an open hand to control an area cursor (i.e., a cursor with a larger active area) while using an index finger extended gesture to switch the area cursor into a point cursor (i.e., a cursor with a single pixel active area). A pointer acceleration (PA) technique based on an improved sigmoid transfer function and a selection technique were applied to the hand cursor to assist target acquisition. A method to parameterize the Z dimension movement distance of the hand was adopted to help control the size of the hand cursor. A usability experiment was conducted to compare the task performance and the user satisfaction of the hand cursor and a standard cursor. The experimental results indicated that the "hand cursor" had higher performance in small target selections and improved the user experience for young people. Based on the results of the investigation, some design suggestions and applications of the hand cursor are summarized to guide freehand interaction with the hand cursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of mobile health technology can assist in enhancing the quality of life of elderly people. Over the last few years, though mHealth research has expanded, the usage of mHealth applications among elderly is still minimal. This study aims to evaluate mobile user interfaces in mHealth applications and elicit the key ageing barriers that limit the use of such apps among the elderly. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique was used whereby 28 papers were identified and examined out of 742. In addition to the systematic review, an experiment of using 5 existing mHealth apps was conducted with 10 individuals within the age group of 60–79 to determine additional ageing barriers and usage challenges. The Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction approach was used to prepare a questionnaire to assess the overall system satisfaction and was provided to participants after one week of usage. In this work, issues with the user interface that impact the elderly have been highlighted. Three important ageing barriers hindering the use of mHealth among the elderly have been identified via PRISMA, namely physical, cognitive and perspective. Empirical findings from the experiment carried out further consolidate the findings obtained from the PRISMA approach. This study's investigation emphasised the performance of older persons with mHealth apps, their needs and the challenges they confront when adopting mHealth technologies. As a result, technology designers will benefit from this information when developing and designing mHealth apps and services that are suitable for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To avoid the uncertainty present in a cooperation between manual vehicles (MVs) and automated vehicles (AVs), cooperative connected automated mobility (CCAM) is frequently proposed. In this contribution, we consider the situation of a motorway slip road where an AV (SAE level 3 or higher) on the motorway cooperates by opening a suitable gap for an entering AV. To ensure a meeting of the cooperation partners, speed adjustment by the system might often be necessary. Methods: To investigate the acceptance of an automated cooperative motorway access assistant a driving simulator study (N = 41) was conducted. Participants drove six laps on a virtual test track in a level 3 AV. Three levels of speed adjustment and two levels of an HMI (with or without HMI) were tested. They experienced the automated cooperative motorway access assistant in two situations. Firstly, when they entered the motorway themselves and benefited from the system, and secondly, when the system reduced their vehicle's speed to allow for cooperation with another vehicle on a motorway slip road ahead. Results: The results show that the acceptance of the assistant depends significantly on the magnitude of speed reduction: the greater the speed adjustment, the worse the user rating, and the more often the cooperation was terminated. Obviously, the acceptance depends on the perspective: If the users themselves benefit from the speed adjustment of others, they rate the system significantly better than if they themselves must accept the restriction. Only in the case of a small speed reduction, the assistant is rated as well as if the user benefits from the system. The availability of a human-machine interface (HMI) providing information about the system status influenced acceptance only marginally but had a significant influence on the trust in the automation. Discussion: The results suggest that people are willing to accept a personal disadvantage in order to give others an advantage in the context of CCAM. However, acceptance depends on the magnitude of the disadvantage. The overall agreement scores of the system with HMI did not differ from those without HMI, although the HMI was found to slightly reduce the termination of cooperation. Three possible reasons for this result, which differs from previous research, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a touchscreen mobile device while walking in sunlight glare limits the visual attention. This situational visual impairment could affect the usability of these devices. This work focuses on the user interaction in situational visual impairment regarding touch gestures and no-visual feedbacks. We performed two user studies. In the first study, we modified the user interface of the two most used applications, phone calling and text messaging, using touch gesture and audio feedback while these features were not used before. Then a user study performed to extract the user preferences of modified applications in visual impairment situation. Our findings indicate that participants preferred gestures, but did not clearly indicate a preference for audio feedback. In the second study, we employed the computational evaluation to explore the distinctions between the made gestures by individuals in two different situations: with and without visual impairment. The outcomes show that in situations with visual impairment: (1) the people draw bigger and broader gestures, (2) there is higher error in features related to geometric shape, (3) familiarity of the user with gestures changes the speed and time for drawing them, and (4) there is not a critical distinctive conduct in how to apply strokes. The user interaction in situational visual impairment could be improved using touch gesture without audio feedback. This situation needs a wider area to make the gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractNull hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is widely used in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), and caution has been advised against deciding whether to stop or continue an experiment based on checking p-values. However, in clinical trials, NHST with interim analysis is commonly employed by adjusting the α levels to control Type I error rates. This approach, known as a group sequential design, can also be beneficial in the HCI field. We analyzed existing datasets of target-pointing tasks using group sequential designs and experimentally demonstrated that, depending on the α-level correction method, we could reduce the number of participants by 40.4–56.5%. Therefore, employing group sequential designs enables significant time and cost savings for both participants and researchers in the HCI field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review aims to update the results related to user interfaces and digital technologies that support the social interactions of older adults. Multiple innovative technological forms in existing research were evaluated to obtain evidence that digital technologies improve older adults' quality of life and social well-being. Materials and methods: A search for relevant studies published in the last five years was conducted using the databases of Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Springer Link and Web of Science. Results: Of the 4959 records identified, a total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings were reviewed in three areas: social interaction of older adults supported by user interface, the digital technologies used in the user interface, and the effects of user interfaces on the social interactions of older adults. Conclusions: Future research should develop digital technologies and service models to enhance the quality of life of older adults. Long-term solutions to promote social interaction in older adults require more user interface support. Community connection-based user interfaces can support existing social relationships and develop new social circles for older adults. Implication for rehabilitation: An update on recent advances in research on user interfaces that support social interaction with older adults. Community connection-based user interfaces can support existing social relationships and develop new social circles for older adults. The application of digital technology needs to consider the establishment of long-term and deep social relationships for older adults. Future research should develop and explore digital technologies with a broader social perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPeople use diverse read-it-later tools to save webpages for future uses; however, difficulties in scrap retrieval remain. Our study aims to understand users’ mental models of read-it-later tools and suggests a new tool, Read-It-Now, for web scraping. We conducted interviews to identify web scraping habits and developed four main design recommendations for read-it-later tools: tool hierarchy, contextual aids, proactive triggers, and multiple navigation strategies. With a focus on the proactive trigger that facilitates scrap retrieval, Read-It-Now is designed to recommend relevant web scraps based on a comparison of the title of the current browser tab. We tested the design prototype against traditional bookmarks and found that users preferred Read-It-Now because of its simplicity and effectiveness; however, explanations for scrap recommendations could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSince the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, the number of services providing generative AI has been steadily increasing. As different services enter the market, the generative AI interfaces users experience become more diverse. However, none of the services has yet established itself as the dominant tool, and which interface component affects user preferences the most has yet to be identified. This study investigates user preferences based on the interface of generative AI services currently on the market. We investigated users’ preferred interface components by setting the output data type, generative style, output variation, reference style, and generation history provided by the current generative AI service as properties. We collected data from 500 users through a survey and conducted conjoint analysis. Users preferred the provision of 10 generation histories the most, and the second most preferred the provision of reference style in footnote format. In addition, it was found that there was no preference for the creative generative style, which can be interpreted as users being aware of the problem of hallucination in generative AI. The results of this study will help future generative AI services design interfaces that consider user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories has long been developing technologies that contribute to more-efficient operations on personal computers and other information devices. We have implemented a collaborative business navigation platform as a new technology to continue this trend. Using this platform makes it possible to easily develop digital transformation (DX) tools suited to diverse work environments and operator roles. This article discusses the functions of the collaborative business navigation platform and the use cases of DX tools by using this platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming hand-drawn sketches into digital wireframes is a pivotal yet time-intensive step in the early stages of User Interface (UI) design. Despite advancements in technology aiming to streamline this task, challenges arise from the multi-scale variations of UI elements and inherent imperfections in the geometric information of sketches. We introduce Sketch2Wireframe, a tool designed to swiftly transform these sketches into refined digital wireframes. The process unfolds in two primary phases: UI element detection and UI layout optimization. First, we propose an object detection model named Attention-based Multi-Scale Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (AMS-RCNN). This model efficiently detects multi-scale elements in sketches by leveraging multi-scale convolution and an attention mechanism, ensuring rich feature extraction for prediction. We then implement a hybrid layout optimization method, which initially utilizes heuristic rules to recognize hierarchy and element organization from sketches, followed by an Integer Programming (IP) approach to globally optimize the layout in compliance with design guidelines. Experimental findings suggest that the AMS-RCNN outperforms baseline models, evidencing a 2.2% mAP increase in element detection. Moreover, our hybrid layout optimization method considerably outperforms the heuristic methods in terms of the perceived quality of the layouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to map the use of AI in the user experience (UX) design process. Disrupting the UX process by introducing novel digital tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve efficiency and accuracy, while creating more innovative and creative solutions. Thus, understanding how AI can be leveraged for UX has important research and practical implications. Design/methodology/approach: This article builds on a systematic literature review approach and aims to understand how AI is used in UX design today, as well as uncover some prominent themes for future research. Through a process of selection and filtering, 46 research articles are analysed, with findings synthesized based on a user-centred design and development process. Findings: The authors' analysis shows how AI is leveraged in the UX design process at different key areas. Namely, these include understanding the context of use, uncovering user requirements, aiding solution design, and evaluating design, and for assisting development of solutions. The authors also highlight the ways in which AI is changing the UX design process through illustrative examples. Originality/value: While there is increased interest in the use of AI in organizations, there is still limited work on how AI can be introduced into processes that depend heavily on human creativity and input. Thus, the authors show the ways in which AI can enhance such activities and assume tasks that have been typically performed by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haptic feedback of gripping forces during robotassisted surgery can benefit the surgical outcome by means of reduced forces applied to the tissue. A custom-designed haptic user interface allows to control four degrees of freedom of the instrument's endeffector and to display gripping forces. System-centered evaluation is performed to assess its capability of displaying feedback with high mechanical bandwidth. In addition, the perception of gripping forces is evaluated using task-centered methods. Two tasks were performed by ten participants to assess the perceived feedback regarding size and stiffness of grasped objects. Maximum feedback forces of 4.3N and a mechanical bandwidth of 73.5 Hz are achieved. Tests with participants showed promising results regarding the discrimination of size and stiffness of grasped objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human–computer cooperation process guided by natural interaction, intelligent interaction, and human–computer integration is gradually becoming a new trend in human–computer interaction. Cooperative scenarios of human–computer interaction systems often contain multi-interface and multi-device results in edges often interrupt the cognitive ergonomics of interface layout. This research takes typical areas as an example to establish a stepwise regression model to predict reaction time at an arbitrary position on the left interface. It uses a foveal region to position the starting point of attention and a parafoveal region to calculate the radius of each objective area, and design 10 similar tasks to analyze eye-tracking indexes through physiological assessment. Unlike fixed thinking such as spatial proximity on multi-interfaces, this research summarises cognitive features of layout based on the positive and negative effects of edge impact through eye-tracking analysis. It analyzes cognition including input, process, and output in human–computer cooperation from human intelligence and artificial intelligence respectively, and visualises the mapping relationship between these indexes and specific stages of cognition. Besides, the quantitative evaluation of the regression equation and qualitative analysis of the eye-tracking indexes provide a reference for other interfaces around the front interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy modelling plays a crucial role in assisting governmental and policymaking bodies to strategise long-term investments within the context of energy transition. Among the well-established open-source optimisation models, OSeMOSYS—the Open-Source Energy Modelling System—stands out. This paper introduces clicSAND, a novel user interface designed for OSeMOSYS, aimed at reducing the learning curve and supporting novice energy modelers in efficiently conducting long-term investment analyses. clicSAND, freely available and open-source, features a user-friendly Excel interface for data input, integrated solvers, and a visualisation dashboard for result interpretation. The outcomes, projected up to 2070, hold the potential to inform policy decisions and mobilise financial resources for sustainable development endeavors, such as ensuring affordable and secure energy supply and mitigating climate change impacts. This advancement not only democratises access to energy modelling tools but also empowers policymakers and stakeholders to conduct thorough long-term investment analyses with ease. This paper elaborates on clicSAND's key advantages, architecture, and functionalities. Additionally, it discusses the evolutionary journey from clicSAND 1.0 to 3.0, emphasising a commitment to continuous improvement and user-centric adaptation, thereby enhancing its utility and relevance. The inclusion of a South African case study, conducted during the EMP-A (Energy Modelling Platform for Africa) 2021 international capacity-building event, showcases clicSAND's efficacy in facilitating knowledge transfer and skill development among inexperienced users, while providing a tangible example of its application in addressing specific regional energy challenges and policy contexts. Finally, current applications and future extensions of the software are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One challenge that current de novo drug design models face is a disparity between the user's expectations and the actual output of the model in practical applications. Tailoring models to better align with chemists' implicit knowledge, expectation and preferences is key to overcoming this obstacle effectively. While interest in preference-based and human-in-the-loop machine learning in chemistry is continuously increasing, no tool currently exists that enables the collection of standardized and chemistry-specific feedback. Metis is a Python-based open-source graphical user interface (GUI), designed to solve this and enable the collection of chemists' detailed feedback on molecular structures. The GUI enables chemists to explore and evaluate molecules, offering a user-friendly interface for annotating preferences and specifying desired or undesired structural features. By providing chemists the opportunity to give detailed feedback, allows researchers to capture more efficiently the chemist's implicit knowledge and preferences. This knowledge is crucial to align the chemist's idea with the de novo design agents. The GUI aims to enhance this collaboration between the human and the "machine" by providing an intuitive platform where chemists can interactively provide feedback on molecular structures, aiding in preference learning and refining de novo design strategies. Metis integrates with the existing de novo framework REINVENT, creating a closed-loop system where human expertise can continuously inform and refine the generative models. Scientific contribution We introduce a novel Graphical User Interface, that allows chemists/researchers to give detailed feedback on substructures and properties of small molecules. This tool can be used to learn the preferences of chemists in order to align de novo drug design models with the chemist's ideas. The GUI can be customized to fit different needs and projects and enables direct integration into de novo REINVENT runs. We believe that Metis can facilitate the discussion and development of novel ways to integrate human feedback that goes beyond binary decisions of liking or disliking a molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of the metaverse, augmented reality (AR) is expected to become the next interface between people and computers. Research is conducted to improve the usability of AR applications and devices. Color transparency and background effect are the two critical factors to consider while developing AR applications. Ten user interface conditions (5 color transparency levels × 2 background conditions) were evaluated in an AR environment. The task completion time and mean error were noted along with the subjective scores of button visibility, background visibility, and motion sickness. The results revealed a significant difference in task completion time, button visibility, and background visibility between transparency conditions, but not in the number of errors and total motion sickness. The transparency level of T0.5 and T0.75 is recommended for the interface of AR applications. This study could be helpful when creating augmented reality applications for the metaverse and other platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hour of Code is a widely recognized global event that aims to introduce programming to novice users and integrate computer science into education. This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the support system and user interface of Minecraft Adventurer, a serious game designed for the Hour of Code global event. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the educational benefits of Hour of Code games, there has been limited research on their support methods. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap with an empirical study of the experience of 104 students who played the game for one hour. Student progress was tracked by an administering teacher and after the game session, a questionnaire was administered to collect data on the participant's perceptions of the support system, interface efficiency, and overall experience with Hour of Code. The results of the study reveal significant problems with the aforementioned systems, which apply not only to Minecraft Adventurer but also to several other similar serious games. Additionally, the findings showed a correlation between the utilization of the support system and student performance, indicating that student's comprehension of the support system significantly influences their learning outcomes. This paper concludes by providing potential solutions to address the identified insufficiencies, offering valuable insights for future researchers and game developers on the design and evaluation of serious games for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: address the lack of specialized courses in user interface (UI) design for mobile applications in Jordanian universities' visual communication design curriculum. Develop an experimental educational syllabus for teaching UI mobile application design to visual communication design students in Jordanian universities. Methods: Four parts were used to structure the research: an introduction, the UI process, case studies and best practices, and a final project. Introduction: Basics of UI and UX Design. UI Process: theory, practice, tools, and publishing. Case Studies and Best Practices: Focus on medical UI mobile app design, including a UI checklist tool. Final Project: Students use free materials to present their work and review their projects with the class. Results:. The newly developed syllabus addresses the educational needs in UI mobile app design for visual communication design students. It emphasizes the importance of involving experts and practitioners in the design process. The syllabus provides comprehensive coverage of UI/UX design, practical tools, case studies, and project-based learning. Conclusions: The developed syllabus fills a critical gap in the visual communication design curriculum of Jordanian universities. It enhances students' knowledge and skills in UI mobile app design, better preparing them for the demands of the industry. The involvement of experts and practitioners is essential in creating effective educational programs in rapidly developing fields like mobile app design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence people who use the Ajaib mutual fund application. The proposed model considers factors from Technology Adoption Theory (TAM), which are implemented in this study to analyze how technology adoption impacts investments in online mutual funds, with Millennials being the focus of the primary research. This research is quantitative in nature and uses the survey method through the distribution of online questionnaires. Sampling using purposive sampling method. This study Used 5 internal variables and 3 external variables which are User Interface, Perceived Security and Perceived Risk. After collecting data from 400 respondents, it was found that there are several factors that positively influence the actual use of the online mutual fund application adoption system, User Interface, Perceived Security, Perceived Risk, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Towards Use, and Behavioral Intention off Use on the Ajaib application actual use of the system. This insight will be helpful for online mutual fund application developers to convert the traditional mutual fund into an online platform format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global context, advancements in technology and science have rendered virtual, augmented, and mixed-reality technologies capable of transforming clinical care and medical environments by offering enhanced features and improved healthcare services. This paper aims to present a mixed reality-based system to control a robotic wheelchair for people with limited mobility. The test group comprised 11 healthy subjects (six male, five female, mean age 35.2 ± 11.7 years). A novel platform that integrates a smart wheelchair and an eye-tracking-enabled head-mounted display was proposed to reduce the cognitive requirements needed for wheelchair movement and control. The approach's effectiveness was demonstrated by evaluating our system in realistic scenarios. The demonstration of the proposed AR head-mounted display user interface for controlling a smart wheelchair and the results provided in this paper could highlight the potential of the HoloLens 2-based innovative solutions and bring focus to emerging research topics, such as remote control, cognitive rehabilitation, the implementation of patient autonomy with severe disabilities, and telemedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A web interface, named OTL, is developed to perform outlier analysis in exponential, Weibull, lognormal, and log-Laplace samples online over the Internet through Shiny and R. It is a tool to evaluate the exact or approximate distributions of block and consecutive test statistics for testing the presence of outliers that have been discussed over the years in the literature. As it allows for identifying outliers without using the classical extensive tables, OTL can be very useful to academics, policy-makers and executives to compare and understand the results of outlier testing procedures more efficiently in the case of lifetime data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flutter has become popular for providing a uniform development environment for user interfaces (UIs) on smart phones, web browsers, and desktop applications. We have developed the Flutter programming learning assistant system (FPLAS) to assist its novice students' self-study. We implemented the Docker-based Flutter environment with Visual Studio Code and three introductory exercise projects. However, the correctness of students' answers is manually checked, although automatic checking is necessary to reduce teachers' workload and provide quick responses to students. This paper presents an image-based user interface (UI) testing method to automate UI testing by the answer code using the Flask framework. This method produces the UI image by running the answer code and compares it with the image made by the model code for the assignment using ORB and SIFT algorithms in the OpenCV library. One notable aspect is the necessity to capture multiple UI screenshots through page transitions by user input actions for the accurate detection of changes in UI elements. For evaluations, we assigned five Flutter exercise projects to fourth-year bachelor and first-year master engineering students at Okayama University, Japan, and applied the proposed method to their answers. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketplace has become focal point in the ecosystem of electronic commerce, particularly in Indonesia, which has seen rapid growth in the usage of online platforms. Two major marketplaces, Bukalapak and Blibli, stand out as leaders in this market. This study aims to compare the features and user experiences between these two platforms. Employing a survey with 50 respondents, the research found Bukalapak to outperform Blibli in all usability and user satisfaction metrics measured by the USE Questionnaire. While the overall UI/UX advantage for Bukalapak was slight (3.13%), Bukalapak was perceived as better in usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction. These findings suggest that Bukalapak has a slight UI/UX advantage over Blibli, but further research with a larger sample size is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an experimental method involving a quantification of perspectives has been considered. The approach here included exposing the respondents in the study to a hyper-causal game and then recording their perspective about its different features immediately using a structured questionnaire. The study has used the Indian market as the area of investigation. The game called car park 3.0 is a hyper casual game that involves a scenario using cars while gathering rewards along the game. A total of 492 respondents selected using judgement sampling in the Indian market where included for the study. The impact of the reward system on the user experience is the highest amongst all. The inclination of Indian hyper casual gamers towards reward system shows that it can help in generating a better scenario for user experiences. The study also establishes the importance of gaming interface elements mostly the visual appeal and sound effects. It is due to these elements of the interface that the overall user experience can be highly amplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study aimed at exploring the impact of expert systems components (knowledge base, inference engine, explanation component, user interface, acquisition component) on organizational financial efficiency from perspective of financial managers within industrial organizations in Jordan. The quantitative deductive approach was utilized, and a questionnaire was handed to a convenient sample of (331) financial managers and analysts within industrial organizations. SPSS was adopted in order to process and analyze primary data; results of study accepted the main hypothesis which was articulated "expert systems components have statistically significant influence on financial efficiency" with r = 0.656 and a substantial relationship between "expert systems" and "financial Efficiency". This relationship accounted for 43.1% of the variance in the examined variable (the dependent variable). Regarding sub-variables, it was seen that the highest in influence was "user interface" scoring an r= 0.592 and a medium relationship with financial efficiency that accounted for 35.1% of the variance. Study recommended the need for expert systems to be able to reason and explain the reasons for the recommendations they make and to respond to simple questions raised by non-specialists. Further recommendations were presented in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the implementation of the analytic hierarchy process in usability evaluations, specifically focusing on user interface assessment during software development phases. Addressing the challenge of diverse and unstandardized evaluation methodologies, our research develops and applies a tailored algorithm that simplifies heuristic prioritization. This novel method combines the analytic hierarchy process framework with a bespoke algorithm that leverages transitive properties for efficient pairwise comparisons, significantly reducing the evaluative workload. The algorithm is designed to facilitate the estimation of heuristic relevance regardless of the number of items per heuristic or the item scale, thereby streamlining the evaluation process. Rigorous simulation testing of this tailored algorithm is complemented by its empirical application, where seven usability experts evaluate a web interface. This practical implementation demonstrates our method's ability to decrease the necessary comparisons and simplify the complexity and workload associated with the traditional prioritization process. Additionally, it improves the accuracy and relevance of the user interface usability heuristic testing results. By prioritizing heuristics based on their importance as determined by the Usability Testing Leader—rather than merely depending on the number of items, scale, or heuristics—our approach ensures that evaluations focus on the most critical usability aspects from the start. The findings from this study highlight the importance of expert-driven evaluations for gaining a thorough understanding of heuristic UI assessment, offering a wider perspective than user-perception-based methods like the questionnaire approach. Our research contributes to advancing UI evaluation methodologies, offering an organized and effective framework for future usability testing endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional usability testing methods often lack the ability to fully capture different aspects of the user experience (UX). The focus of this research work is to propose a framework and develop its comprehensive prototype to improve usability testing and UX analysis by integrating session recording, interaction logging, and emotion recognition methods. A trained emotion recognition model based on MobileNetV2 architecture in conjunction with Hotjar and Google Analytics is proposed to add more context to the user experience during usability testing. The results obtained during the testing of a developed framework prototype showed that UI testing based on UX principles and integration of emotion recognition can be a powerful tool for improving the UI of web applications. It is recommended to improve UI testing processes by incorporating these aspects and data analysis methods. This would provide a more complete and more objective picture of the usability of the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring freshwater quality in urban like Chennai is indispensable as the chief drinking water source for the city originates from freshwater lakes. This study portrays an economical, user‐friendly, economical method to detect water quality. A machine learning‐based portable water quality check test kit was developed along with a user interface. To validate the efficiency of the portable kit, this study focussed on the ten major freshwater lakes of Chennai City. Basic quality parameters of water, such as the potential of hydrogen (pH), level of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphate (T.P.), were considered when designing this mobile phone‐compatible user interface application. The experiment used and tested water samples from ten different lakes with the commercially available freshwater master test kit. The images of color developed during the test were captured, and corresponding Red, Green, Blue (RGB) values were calculated. These values were used in Igray, Iavg, and Euclidean distance algorithms to predict the pollution level of the samples. Based on the models, the Euclidean model fitted well with the calibration data with a correlation value of more than 0.98 for all the parameters. Percent accuracy values of the methods used in this study were compared, and the Euclidean model showed more than 98% accuracy for all parameters. The result of this study is alarming that all the ten freshwater lakes considered in this study were hypereutrophic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent experiments have shown that improper encoding in MR user interfaces exacerbates the individual cognitive symbol effect, leading to issues of excessive cognitive workload and elevated psychological stress levels in individual cognitive task methods. In light of this, this paper proposes a novel MR user interface information encoding method. By assessing the improvement level of object clues and action clues on information encoding quality, it identifies the optimal encoding forms for combining these two types of cues, thereby establishing a more intuitive and natural communication channel for information. The paper presents several human–machine interface usability test results and compares the proposed encoding forms with the MR interface encoding information currently used in significant factories like AVIC (Aviation Industry Corporation of China) to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed encoding forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban informatics appears to be a suitable area for the application of digital twins. Definitions of the term share some characteristics, but these definitions do not agree on what exactly constitutes a digital twin. The term has the potential to be misleading unless adequate attention is paid to the inherent uncertainty in any replica of a real system. The question of uncertainty is addressed, together with some of the issues that make its quantification problematic. Digital twins for urban informatics pose questions of purpose, governance, and ethics. In the final section the paper suggests some research issues that will need to be addressed if digital twins are to be successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple mhealth (mobile health) interventions and mobile applications have been developed to support diabetes self-management. However, most of the apps are developed without the need for assessment and evaluation by experts in the field. This study aimed to design and develop a mobile application (app) supporting diabetes self-management for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) using a systematic approach. Methods: In this study mixed method design was used to develop the mobile application. The mhealth intervention was designed and developed in five steps: i) Extensive literature search, ii) Needs assessment of patients with T2D with the help of healthcare providers and patients (Interviews with 15 healthcare providers like clinicians, dietitians, and diabetes educators, and 2 focus group discussions with patients) iii) Ideation and content development of app based on outcomes of needs assessment; iv) content validation (by 10 healthcare providers) and v) App development on a hybrid platform. Evaluation of the app by users i.e., type 2 diabetes patients was done using the users' Mobile App rating scale (uMARS). The app was evaluated by 40 patients and rated on the uMARS questionnaire. Results: A patient-centric mobile app was developed for the nutritional management of diabetes with three modules: The patient module, the Evaluation module, and the Healthcare provider module. The patient module was the app that was provided to the patients with features like diet, physical activity, blood glucose log, education, etc., in addition to, a symptom checker, Stress meter blog, and FAQ. The evaluation module was integrated with the app it works when a user enters any log, it evaluates the entry against the standard cutoffs and flash prompts on the screen. The Healthcare provider module interacts with the server to provide them with patient data, comments, and feedback. Conclusions: The users found the app to be satisfactory. Incorporating additional features to enhance the user interface and streamline navigation could potentially enhance user engagement, thereby aiding in the management of T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The study investigates the effects of user interface on trust, perceived risk, and acceptance in partially automated driving using a driving simulator. • The study designs and evaluates four UIs combining surrounding and manoeuvre information with visual and auditory modalities. • The user interface, delivering both surrounding and manoeuvre information via visual and auditory modalities, showed the highest trust and acceptance and the lowest perceived risk. • Criticality of event types and individual differences of participants were found to have a more substantial influence on drivers' behaviour, trust, and perceived risk compared to the user interfaces. • Eye-tracking results demonstrated that drivers checked the centre-console user interface when present, with no difference between the four user interfaces. Trust and perceived safety are pivotal in the acceptance of automated vehicles and can be enhanced by providing users with automation information on the (safe) operation of the vehicle. This study aims to identify how user interfaces (UI) can enhance drivers' trust and acceptance and reduce perceived risk in partially automated vehicles. Four interfaces were designed with different levels of complexity. These levels were achieved by combining automation information (surrounding information vs surrounding and manoeuvre information) and modality (visual vs visual and auditory). These interfaces were evaluated in a driving simulator in which a partially automated vehicle reacted to an event of a merging and braking vehicle in its front. The criticality of the events was manipulated by the factors merging gap (in meters) and deceleration (m/s2) of the vehicle in front. The reaction of the automation was either to brake or to change lanes. The results show that an optimal combination of automation information and modality enhances drivers' trust and acceptance. More specifically, the most advanced UI, which provided surrounding and manoeuvre information via the visual and auditory modalities , was associated with the highest trust and acceptance ranking and the lowest perceived risk. Manoeuvre information delivered through the auditory modality was particularly effective in enhancing trust and acceptance. The benefits of the UIs were consistent over events. However, in the most critical events, drivers did not feel entirely safe and did not trust the automation completely. This study suggests that the design of UIs for partially automated vehicles shall include automation information via visual and auditory modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is widely employed in medical examinations due to its noninvasive, radiation‐free, and convenient features. However, the quality of acquired ultrasound images is highly dependent on the skill of the operator and experience, which significantly limits the use of ultrasound. In this study, we propose a new user interface (UI) designed to assist novices in independently acquiring accurate ultrasound images. The operator can complete image acquisition by adjusting the position and angle of the actual probe to align the projected probe on the UI screen to a specific position, while simultaneously observing the breath state of the subject to capture ultrasound images at the appropriate position and moment. We compare our UI with a previous UI in an experiment. The results demonstrate that novice operators can acquire more accurate ultrasound images using our UI compared to the previous UI, indicating that our UI offers improved guidance. Regarding breath state observation, the experiment reveals a strong association between changes in lung air volume of a subject and respiratory level changes measured by our system. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: User interface environments of databases should be designed in such a way that, in addition to facilitating users' information-seeking behavior, they can provide appropriate strategies to solve their problems in the shortest possible time. The user interface allows users to get a proper understanding of the information base and they can take advantage of it. The closer the design of the user interface is to the mental patterns and information-seeking behavior of the users, the more effective and useful it is and the less the user's efforts. Despite the development of medical information technology in the field of user interface design, most medical information systems have not been able to meet users' expectations mainly due to: a lack of awareness of information needs, information behavior of users, and lack of understanding of its nature. This research aims to present a new model for effective information retrieval and increasing the desirability in the design of user interface environments of information databases. Materials and methods: This study is a mixed type with a quantitative and qualitative approach which has been done with the design of combined exploratory methods. In the qualitative part, the research community included expert professors and specialists, and in the quantitative part, specialized and research-oriented PhD students of the basic science fields of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. In the qualitative part, 12 people were included in the study with the purposeful sampling method, and with this number of interviews, information saturation occurred. In the quantitative part, stratified random sampling was used and 100 people were included in the study. The required data was collected through content analysis and researcher-developed questionnaires. The data was then analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and structural analysis). Results: According to the IPMA analysis, the findings of the research showed that among the variables that explain the desirable information-seeking behavior in terms of importance, the highest rank in desirable informationseeking behaviors is related to the dimension of users' position with an emphasis on ability (with a significance coefficient of 0.437 and the lowest is related to the ease of access component (with a significance coefficient of 0.048) and in terms of performance, the highest rating is related to the user interface design dimension with an emphasis on the database efficiency variable (with a performance factor of 57.191) and the lowest was related to the ease component (with a performance factor of 40.793). Also, the proposed model was able to obtain the necessary validity and reliability. Conclusion: The presented model helps users of database user interface environments so that they can use the basic elements as much as possible to speed up work and save time. Also, the proposed model can provide the necessary ideas to the designers of database environments so that they can implement the appropriate features for better interaction with the databases to facilitate and understand as easily as possible for more users. considering that the proposed model has obtained the necessary validity and reliability, it can be claimed that this model will not only be able to answer the issues raised in the field of searching and retrieving information, but it can be used, criticized, and perfected in future researches as a basis for designing and implementing user interface environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of mobile applications is becoming increasingly important as a field as a result of the proliferation of mobile devices. However, due to poor User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX), many apps struggle to hold the interest of their intended users. As a result, achieving user expectations is difficult for developers. Numerous facets of mobile application design and UX/UI have been examined. Yet, they often overlook critical factors such as context, user behavior, emotions, control, usability, adaptability, language, and feedback, instead favoring isolated issue-centric approaches Taking into account all of the aforementioned factors, This review gathered preferences and perceptions. These preferences offer vital information for mobile application developers and act as a useful reference. Based on the pertinent context, the method helps designers and developers to address certain UI/UX difficulties in mobile applications. The UI and UX elements that affect the interface of mobile applications are compared in this essay. Developers and designers can better comprehend crucial elements during the development process by looking at these criteria. This helps to improve the UI and UX of mobile applications, which ultimately boosts usability and user satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the impact of global warming on climate change becomes noticeable, the importance of energy efficiency for reducing greenhouse gas emissions grows immense. To this end, a platform, solution, and mobile apps are developed as part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program to support energy optimization in residences. However, to ensure long-term energy optimization, it is crucial to keep users engaged with the apps. Since augmented reality (AR) and a virtual animal companion positively influenced user engagement, we designed an AR companion that represented the user's residence states; thereby making the user aware of indoor information. We conducted user evaluations to determine the effect of the AR companion on user engagement and perceived usability in the context of energy management. We identified that the user interface (UI) with AR (ARUI) barely affected user engagement and perceived usability compared to the traditional UI without AR (TUI); however, we found that the ARUI positively affected one of the user engagement aspects. Our results show AR companion integration's potential benefits and effects on energy management mobile apps. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into UI design elements for developers considering multiple interaction modalities with AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pathomics facilitates automated, reproducible and precise histopathology analysis and morphological phenotyping. Similar to molecular omics, pathomics datasets are high-dimensional, but also face large outlier variability and inherent data missingness, making quick and comprehensible data analysis challenging. To facilitate pathomics data analysis and interpretation as well as support a broad implementation we developed tRigon (Toolbox foR InteGrative (path-)Omics data aNalysis), a Shiny application for fast, comprehensive and reproducible pathomics analysis. Results: tRigon is available via the CRAN repository (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tRigon) with its source code available on GitLab (https://git-ce.rwth-aachen.de/labooratory-ai/trigon). The tRigon package can be installed locally and its application can be executed from the R console via the command 'tRigon::run_tRigon()'. Alternatively, the application is hosted online and can be accessed at https://labooratory.shinyapps.io/tRigon. We show fast computation of small, medium and large datasets in a low- and high-performance hardware setting, indicating broad applicability of tRigon. Conclusions: tRigon allows researchers without coding abilities to perform exploratory feature analyses of pathomics and non-pathomics datasets on their own using a variety of hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research assessed the User Interface of a Select Consumer Mobile Application and its effect to the buying behaviour of Generation Z. The Visual Appeal, Navigational Content and Application's Data Modelling are used as factors for the Mobile App User Interface while Frequency, Quantity and Timing of Purchase are used for Purchase Behaviour. The research is quantitative in nature and utilized 250 respondents selected by way of purposive and random sampling. Results revealed that, in terms of the User's Interface, respondents expressed a Strong Agreement on the aspect of usability in terms of features and functionalities of the select Consumer Mobile Application. Similarly, a Strong Agreement is also expressed by the respondents towards influence of the user interface in their Purchasing Behaviour. Also, result revealed that the User's Interface of the Select Mobile Application Strongly Influenced the Purchasing Behaviour of the respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of batik reflects consumer demands for purchasing fulfillment. Digital technology can bring several advantages and new opportunities to the custom batik design process. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is a popular digital tool used. This paper will provide the new User Interface (UI) design of CAD custom design batik, namely Batik 4.0. It's software developed to provide services, such as pattern customization in various sizes, batik character input system, pricing, and production time estimation utilized by the batik industry in Indonesia that can be directly forwarded to the manufacturing process. Research in UI design for CAD batik has not been studied, and this paper will fill the significant gap and upgrade the usability. This evaluation will test the usability of the test, employing the performance matrix and RTA towards UI that already exists. Improvement was made with a wireframe using human-computer interaction (HCI) and usability testing data. User-centered design (UCD) focuses on the role of the user in the process of system development as the wireframe design method. This research shows UI wireframe design for several types of users. In making the UI wireframe design, a usability evaluation was performed again. The evaluation result shows that the new user prototypes have fewer errors and exceed the usability value compared to the previous one. The new design is more user-friendly and can be used as a reference for the future development and improvement of CAD custom batik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving beyond immersive learning, the rapid advancement of Mixed Reality (MR) technology is diversifying its applications across various sectors, including education, healthcare, and corporate training. However, standalone MR devices pose challenges related to performance and visualization realism. In this study, we focused on enhancing immersive learning by optimizing the User Interface (UI) of an MR batik-making application using the Meta-UI principle. This research aimed to assess the impact of these UI approaches on user satisfaction, measured through Nielsen's usability methods. User feedback was collected and analyzed to refine the UI design. Nielsen's usability heuristics guided the evaluation of UI attributes such as clarity, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The utilization of Meta-UI demonstrated a notable increase in user satisfaction. Nielsen's usability guidelines indicated ratings ranging from 3.93 (good) to 4.30 (very good), signifying users' positive perceptions of learnability, efficiency, memorability, error handling, and overall satisfaction within the MR batik-making application. This research also addressed these issues by meticulously optimizing 3D assets within MR applications. The results indicated that the application's CPU utilization is around 22%, attributed to its startup processes, resource allocation, and any initial computations it performed. However, the application continued to run within 4 GB of installed memory with the network bandwidth usage at 0.27 Mbps. User comfortability was enhanced, which is evident in improved ratings for importance and satisfaction levels (4.26 and 4.16, respectively) in the MR application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning has become a widespread practice for students and teachers in acquiring and delivering knowledge. Education platforms have become prominent in the 21st century with the evolution of technology and the accessibility to online learning. As a result, various learning management systems (LMSs) have been introduced to facilitate online interaction between users. For instance, communication between students and teachers at school. However, there is a need to emphasise user engagement in LMS to enhance the online learning experience amongst students since the design of LMS affects user engagement. This study utilised a systematic literature review (SLR) that examined 74 articles published between 2014 and 2023, focusing on cross-cultural design (CCD), user-centred design (UCD), and usability in LMS design. This study aimed to review CCD and its association with UCD, user interfaces (UI), and user experience (UX) in the context of LMS. CCD has been introduced as an approach to design that embraces different cultures, languages, and social contexts, while UCD plays a significant role in defining user engagement for LMS. All elements in CCD and UCD help create a better user experience for LMS. Besides, this study reviewed the usability of selected LMS to give insights to developers in creating a positive user engagement. An insight into cultural factors that influence the usability of LMS has revealed their value for LMS design, such as the UI/UX elements. Initially, this study may guide future researchers in improving education quality by emphasising CCD and LMS usability, which can enhance user engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two gesture-based user interfaces which were designed for a 3D design review in virtual reality (VR) with inspiration drawn from the shipbuilding industry's need to streamline and make their processes more sustainable. The user interfaces, one focusing on single-hand (unimanual) gestures and the other focusing on dual-handed (bimanual) usage, are tested as a case study using 13 tasks. The unimanual approach attempts to provide a higher degree of flexibility, while the bimanual approach seeks to provide more control over the interaction. The interfaces were developed for the Meta Quest 2 VR headset using the Unity game engine. Hand-tracking (HT) is utilized due to potential usability benefits in comparison to standard controller-based user interfaces, which lack intuitiveness regarding the controls and can cause more strain. The user interfaces were tested with 25 test users, and the results indicate a preference toward the one-handed user interface with little variation in test user categories. Additionally, the testing order, which was counterbalanced, had a statistically significant impact on the preference and performance, indicating that learning novel interaction mechanisms requires an adjustment period for reliable results. VR sickness was also strongly experienced by a few users, and there were no signs that gesture controls would significantly alleviate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in manufacturing processes is raising the need of users to understand and interpret the decision-making processes of complex AI systems. Traditional black-box AI models often lack transparency, making it challenging for users to comprehend the reasoning behind their outputs. In contrast, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques provide interpretability by revealing the internal mechanisms of AI models, making them more trustworthy and facilitating human-AI collaboration. In order to promote XAI models' dissemination, this paper proposes a matrix-based methodology to design XAI-driven user interfaces in manufacturing contexts. It helps in mapping the users' needs and identifying the "explainability visualization types" that best fits the end users' requirements for the specific context of use. The proposed methodology was applied in the XMANAI European Project (https://ai4manufacturing.eu), aimed at creating a novel AI platform to support XAI-supported decision making in manufacturing plants. Results showed that the proposed methodology is able to guide companies in the correct implementation of XAI models, realizing the full potential of AI while ensuring human oversight and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study investigates the effects of the user interface on trust and acceptance in conditionally automated driving, involving the design and evaluation of user interfaces for automation information using both visual and auditory modalities. • The study designed distinct spatial sounds for different manoeuvre situations: overtaking, slowing down, turning right, and passing a roundabout. • Providing information related to the manoeuvre of driving automation enhances drivers' trust and acceptance in conditionally automated driving without increasing their workload. • Manoeuvre information conveyed through the auditory modality had a more significant impact on trust and acceptance compared to the visual modality, with marginal differences between traditional beep and spatial sounds. In conditionally automated driving (SAE level 3), drivers may take their eyes off the road but will still need to be ready to take control and will, therefore, benefit from information on automation. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of automation manoeuvre information provided through spatial sound, traditional notification sound (beep), and a visual interface. Spatial sounds were designed differentiating four distinct driving manoeuvres: overtaking a leading car, slowing down, turning right, and passing a roundabout. The notification sound consisted of one beep being identical for all manoeuvres. The visual interface showed the automation mode with an image and manoeuvre information with text and images. The impact of these interfaces on trust, workload, acceptance, situation awareness, and sense of control was evaluated with questionnaires and visual attention was evaluated with eye tracking while participants engaged in a visual-motor secondary task in a driving simulator. The results indicate that, with all interfaces tested, manoeuvre information enhances trust, acceptance, situation awareness, and sense of control, without significantly affecting the overall workload. These benefits were more profound, adding auditory information and differed marginally between the traditional notification and the spatial sound, as the effectiveness of the different auditory interface types varied depending on the specific manoeuvre. Findings highlight the importance of designing user interfaces for automation manoeuvre information using auditory cues to improve the user experience in automated driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the user interface and problem-solving towards the continuous intention to use the services. New products or services will always face tough challenges for the customer, especially when the new procedures require them to learn and change some behaviors. Chatbots are also facing the same situation in Malaysia, where customers refuse to accept using chatbots to represent their physical presence. To understand customer behaviors, a quantitative survey was designed. Four hundred twenty-two data were collected from the online survey method. As per the results, the predictors of chatbot continuous intention are user interface and problem-solving. Apart from that, this study also measures the role of mediator, namely trust and customer satisfaction. This study contributes to unique academic and practical insights that can be used to explore the effectiveness of chatbots. The results revealed that both predictors were significant towards the continuous intentions. Besides, the role of the mediator was found to be significant and relevant in the relationship between trust and customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction and trust towards continuous attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to know the accessibility of library websites based on the extracted indices of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the usability of these websites based on the experiences of visually impaired users. Methodology: The current research was applied in an evaluative way with a checklist tool and a formal usability test. In this research, library websites were first evaluated based on the 2018 edition of the W3C accessibility index checklist, and then through exploratory observation of visually impaired users and a formal usability test by defining real tasks (3 tasks) in library websites, the accessibility status and their usability was evaluated. In this research, the user interfaces (digital library, OPAC and virtual reference) of the National Library and Archives of Iran; Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi; Library, Museum and Document Center Islamic Consultative Assembly and the Central Library and Document Center of Tehran University were studied as prominent libraries in the country. The research population was 33 visually impaired users who were selected from different provinces of the country using a targeted sampling method. Empirical data (i.e. successful task completion, working time, satisfaction level) were collected using a questionnaire and with the help of a formal usability test. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The reliability and validity was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Content validity. Findings: The findings showed that the websites are accessible to a large extent based on the extracted indices of W3C, but they are not easy to use. In the current research, the most time was devoted to using OPAC to search for resources. Of course, few users could navigate library websites without help. Despite some guidance, some users were unsuccessful in completing the assigned task. The feedback received from users about the dimensions of usability of library websites showed that some users rated the ease of use of library websites as optimal (4/39) and others said it was inappropriate (3/27). About one-third of users were dissatisfied with their performance in using library websites and rated the time spent on task progress as unfavorable. Conclusion: Vision-oriented design and complex structures make library information retrieval systems unusable for information seekers with visual impairment. In order to design accessible and usable websites, data from the real feeling of users about library information retrieval systems is necessary. The final results indicate that with the usability test, it is possible to solve the created usability problems, and the output of this work leads to better user interaction and improvement of the user interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]