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Context Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been performed for decades and has gone through many refinements, there are still concerns regarding its more widespread utilization because of the long learning curve and the potential risk of severe complications. Many technical details are not included in the guidelines because of their nature and research protocol. Objective To achieve an expert consensus viewpoint on PCNL indications, preoperative patient preparation, surgical strategy, management and prevention of severe complications, postoperative management, and follow-up. Evidence acquisition An international panel of experts from the Urolithiasis Section of the European Association of Urology, International Alliance of Urolithiasis, and other urology associations was enrolled, and a prospectively conducted study, incorporating literature review, discussion on research gaps (RGs), and questionnaires and following data analysis, was performed to reach a consensus on PCNL. Evidence synthesis The expert panel consisted of 36 specialists in PCNL from 20 countries all around the world. A consensus on PCNL was developed. The expert panel was not as large as expected, and the discussion on RGs did not bring in more supportive evidence in the present consensus. Conclusions Adequate preoperative preparation, especially elimination of urinary tract infection prior to PCNL, accurate puncture with guidance of fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography or a combination, keeping a low intrarenal pressure, and shortening of operation time during PCNL are important technical requirements to ensure safety and efficiency in PCNL. Patient summary Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been a well-established procedure for the management of upper urinary tract stones. However, according to an expert panel consensus, core technical aspects, as well as the urologist’s experience, are critical to the safety and effectiveness of PCNL.

Objective To evaluate surgical outcome, complications, and patients satisfaction with the Tube® (Promedon, Cordoba, Argentina) malleable penile prosthesis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). Patients and methods The records of 128 eligible patients who received Tube malleable penile prostheses at our institute between September 2008 and October 2015 were reviewed. Results Of the 128 patients, who received Tube penile prostheses at our institute, 53 were diabetics and 75 were non-diabetics. Both groups of patients were comparable for mean age, education level, marital status, hospital stay, time to commencing sexual intercourse, and median follow-up. Complications included: inter-corporeal septal perforation (2.3%), glanular urethral injury (1.5%), acute urinary retention (3.9%), superficial wound infection (7%), penile discomfort (9.4%), and penile prostheses infection (5.5%). Moreover, 3.9% developed atrophy of the cavernosal tissue, 5.5% experienced bad cosmesis, 6.3% experienced ejaculatory disorders, and 2.3% developed bladder calculi. In all, 13 prostheses (9.4%) were removed, seven of them due to infection, three on the patients’ demand and three due to mechanical failure. The satisfaction rates with the prostheses were 77.3% and 79.4% in the diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively; with an overall satisfaction rate of 78.5%. There was no significant difference in the complication rate or prostheses infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusion Tube malleable penile prostheses are associated with low complication and high satisfaction rates. There was no significant difference in the complication rate or prostheses infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A prospective comparative study with a large number of patients is recommended.

To investigate the surgical outcomes of dorsal onlay urethroplasty (DOU) using buccal mucosa graft (BMG) or penile skin graft (PSG) and to assess the effect of stricture length in men with anterior urethral strictures.A prospective cohort included men with anterior urethral strictures between 2008 and 2015. Patients underwent DOU using PSG or BMG. Patients had urethrography and uroflowmetry at 0, 3, 6, 12 months, and urethroscopy when needed. Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Pearson's Chi-square test were used for analysis.Sixty-nine patients (43 ± 14 year) were included, 31 received BMG, and 38 received PSG. Mean stricture length was 8 ± 3 cm, mean operative time was 145 ± 31 min, and mean follow-up was 56 ± 10 mo. Success rate was 87 % (90 % BMG vs. 84 % PSG, p = 0.4). Mean operative time was significantly shorter in PSG group (136 ± 29 min vs. 256 ± 58 min, p = 0.0005). Complications of grade I developed in 36 % (wound infection = 10 %, postvoiding dribbling = 18.8 %). Thirty of 69 patients (43 %) had strictures ≥8 cm, and 39 (57 %) had strictures8 cm-success rate was equal for both subgroups (87 %). Mean blood loss, mean operative time, and incidence of postvoid dribbling were significantly lower in strictures8 cm.BMG and PSG have comparable success rates in treatment of long anterior urethral strictures. Operative time is significantly longer in BMG. Long-segment strictures are associated with longer operative time, more blood loss, and more occurrence of postvoid dribbling. However, the length of the stricture has no influence on the success rate and functional outcomes of DOU.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los resultados esteticos y funcionales de glanuloplastia con desepitelizacion aproximada en diferente grado de hipospadias. Material y metodos Este estudio se realizo en 96 pacientes varones (DPH = 68 y MPH = 28). Los pacientes seleccionados para la reparacion con la glanuloplastia de aproximacion deben tener placa uretral amplia y glande ranurados. Todos los casos fueron reparados con la tecnica clasica y la de aproximacion glandar. El seguimiento fue de un ano, mediante un examen clinico de la forma del meato, tamano y sitio, forma del glande, cubierta de piel, linea de sutura, sonda uretral, aparicion de edema y fistula, ademas de la satisfaccion de los padres. Resultados El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 49 ± 9 min. En cuanto a los resultados funcionales y cosmeticos el exito se informo en el 95,8%, mientras que el fracaso fue de 4,16% en forma de interrupcion glandar en 2 pacientes y fistula uretrocutanea subcoronal en otros 2 pacientes. Conclusion La tecnica de aproximacion glandar tiene muchas ventajas, buenos resultados cosmeticos y funcionales, tiempo operatorio corto y menos perdida de sangre, no habiendo necesidad de torniquete.

Introduction: Management of renal stones in children with a solitary kidney is a challenge. In the current study, the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in these children were determined. Patients and Methods: Records of children with renal stones who were treated at our institute between August 2011 and August 2014 were retrospectively assessed. Inclusion criteria were: Children with single renal stone

Introduction: Invasive cancer bladder is a life-threatening disease that is best treated with radical cystectomy and a suitable urinary diversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncological outcome, voiding and sexual functions after genital sparing radical cystectomy with orthotopic bladder reconstruction in pre-menopausal women with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: 18 pre-menopausal women who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion with preservation of genital organs were included for this study. The patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically to assess their oncological outcome in addition to their voiding and sexual function. Results: Mean age of the patients was 37.8 years, and the median follow-up after surgery was 70 months. One patient was lost to follow-up at 12 months post-operatively. The surgery was completed as planned in all patients, with a mean operative time of 290 min and an average blood loss of 750 mL. 14 patients were able to void satisfactorily, being continent day and night, while four patients needed clean intermittent catheterization. Sexual life remained unchanged in 15 cases, while three patients reported dysparunea. Till the last follow-up, there was no local recurrence while distant metastases were detected in three cases, two of whom died. Conclusions: Genital sparing cystectomy is a valid option for managing carefully selected women with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with good functional and sexual outcomes.

Objective To develop a technique that helps avoid colonic injury during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in these patients. Patients and Methods PCNL was prospectively performed in a cohort of adults with renal stones in a horseshoe kidney (HSK). PCNLs were done using a standardized technique in prone position in all patients. The colon was radiologically delineated by injecting air—through a catheter in the anal canal—to help localize its position in relation to the pelvicalyceal system (PCS). Patients were observed in hospital for 48 hours postoperatively to detect any potential complications related to the PCNL or to the colon insufflation modification. Results Thirteen adult patients (11 men and 2 women) with renal stones in a HSK were included in the study. The colon was well radiologically delineated with air in all cases. The PCS was successfully accessed, subcostally, with a single access at the upper calyx in 11 cases and multiple accesses in 2 cases. The colon was in the way of the puncture in 2 cases in which we used a more medial access and the colon was successfully avoided. Stones were completely removed during the PCNL in 11 of the 13 cases (84.6%). One case necessitated intraoperative blood transfusion. No other complications were reported by any of the patients who were discharged home after 48 hours. Conclusion Colonic radiological delineation technique is helpful in accessing the PCS quickly, saving the colon, and causing no discomfort to patients with renal stones in a HSK.

Objectives To determine whether there are any significant differences in complications and success rate between adjustable transobturator tape (TOA) and ordinary transobturator tape (TOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (fSUI), as the TOA was recently introduced for the treatment of female SUI, its advantage being the ability to adjust the tape after surgery to address over- or under-correction. Patients and methods In all, 96 women with SUI (mean age 53 years, SD 10) were included in the study. Patients were randomised into two equal groups (group 1, TOA, vs. group 2, TOT). The operative duration, blood loss, intra- and post-operative complications, and the success rate, were compared between the groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in cure rates (83% vs. 80%, groups 1 and 2, respectively) or in postoperative stay. The mean operative duration in group 2 was significantly shorter than in group 1. No intraoperative bleeding requiring a blood transfusion was recorded, and there were no bladder injuries. Postoperative adjustment of the tape was only required in three patients in group 1. Conclusions The TOA is a safe and accurate method for treating fSUI, but with experienced surgeons there was no difference in the cure rate and postoperative outcome between TOA and TOT.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the experience and midterm results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) in patients with previous failed open pyeloplasty in comparison to primary LP.Thirty-two patients who had undergone previous failed open surgery for management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) were reviewed. The patients underwent transperitoneal dismembered LP. All operations were performed by the same laparoscopist from March 2009 to June 2013. Surgical results were compared to 72 patients who underwent primary LP carried out by the same surgeon during the same period.The laparoscopic repyeloplasty group consisted of 14 men and 18 women. The mean age was 29 ± 6 years. The mean operative period was 133 ± 42 and 110 ± 57 min; the mean length of stay in hospital was 2.7 ± 2.3 and 1.3 ± 2.1 days; and the mean follow-up period was 32.4 ± 14 and 29.3 ± 11.2 months in the secondary and primary LP groups, respectively. The success rate was 90.6% for secondary LP and 94.4% for primary LP. There was no conversion in either group. The percentage of intraoperative and postoperative complications in secondary LP was 9.4% and 12.5%, respectively, compared with 0% and 5.6% in the primary LP group.Laparoscopic repyeloplasty is a safe and viable treatment option for secondary UPJO, with a success rate similar to that of primary repair but with longer operative time. Considerable experience in laparoscopic reconstructive procedures is a prerequisite for optimal results.

The management of renal calculi following previous open surgery represents a challenge for urologists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and safety of ureteroscopic laser retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal calculi following prior open renal surgery. The charts of 53 patients who underwent RIRS for renal calculi following prior open surgery for urolithiasis were reviewed. Both flexible and semi-rigid ureteroscopes were utilized together with holmium: YAG laser for stone disintegration. Intravenous urography, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound were used to evaluate the patient, perioperatively. Stone size ranged from 5 to 32 mm (mean 14.3 mm). The mean operative time was 86 min (20-130). The overall stone-free rate was 92.4%. The overall stone-free rates after one and two-procedures were 79.2% (42 cases) and 92.4% (49 cases), respectively. Four patients (7.5%) had larger residual fragments, 2 (3.8%) of them underwent SWL, and 2 (3.8%) cases were followed up conservatively. Major complications were reported in two patients (3.8%). Stone analysis revealed calcium oxalate in 39 patients, uric acid in 5, calcium phosphate in 4, struvite in 3, and cystine in 2 cases. Ureteroscopic retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal calculi following prior open renal surgery was a minimally invasive, safe procedure with a high success rate. It is a viable alternative for PNL in managing recurrent renal calculi efficiently.

To determine the necessity of ureteral stent placement after retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (RLU) for upper ureteral stones more than 1 cm.Between May 2006 and May 2009, 104 RLUs were performed as primary management of large upper ureteral stones. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: In group 1 (52 patients), RLU was performed without stent placement afterward, and in group 2 (52 patients), the stent was placed after RLU. The mean stone size was 16.8 cm in group 1 and 18.2 cm in group 2. The stent in group 2 was placed cystoscopically.All procedures were performed successfully. The mean operative time was 48 minutes in group 1 vs. 65 minutes in group 2. The mean drainage time was 4.1 days in group 1 vs. 2.3 days in group 2. All the patients were followed up for a period of 6 months with no recorded cases of residual stone or ureteral stricture.RLU for large upper ureteral stones could be considered as a primary line for treatment as regards the economic status in developing countries. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) without stent placement for upper ureteral stones is safe, cost effective, has less operative time, and needs no auxiliary procedures when compared with the use of stent placement after LU, which adds costs and discomfort for the patient.

Objective To assess the outcome of laparoscopic orchiopexy and the two-stage Fowler Stephens technique for managing patients with impalpable testis in terms of safety, feasibility and efficacy. Patients and methods This study included 78 patients who presented with 88 non-palpable testes to the outpatient clinic of Sohag university hospital in 2005–2009, and underwent laparoscopy by the same surgeon. Intra-abdominal testes were managed by laparoscopic orchiopexy if low, two-stage Fowler–Stephens technique if high, and orchiectomy if atrophic. Children were evaluated postoperatively to check the location and size of the testicle and to exclude any other complication. Results Median age at presentation was 16 months (range 11–42 months). Four testes were absent while inguinal exploration was necessary for six testes with the vas entering the internal ring. Of the 78 intra-abdominal testes, 45 were identified as high (Fowler–Stephens in 43; orchiectomy in two atrophic testes) and 33 as low (orchiopexy). Follow up was 3–55 months (mean 34 months). Twelve patients (12 testes) were lost to follow up (7 Fowler–Stephens; 5 orchiopexy). On follow up, the testes were normal sized and well positioned in the scrotum in 28/28 and 32/36 testes in the orchiopexy and Fowler–Stephens groups with an overall success rate of 100% and 88.8%, respectively. Two testes showed testicular displacement and two showed testicular atrophy in patients of the Fowler–Stephens group. Conclusion Laparoscopy provides a safe and accurate modality for diagnosing and managing patients with non-palpable testes, with excellent outcomes.

Summary Introduction/background Many authors reported their experience with supine PCNL in adult population comparing the outcome with prone PCNL and they found that the stone free rate and the operative time were in favor of prone PCNL with a lower patient morbidity among patients with supine PCNL. This encouraged us to perform supine PCNL in pediatric population. An objective In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of supine PCNL in pediatric population. Study design (subjects/patients/materials/methods) Between April 2011 and February 2014 a total of 27 children (6 girls and 21 boys) presented with renal calculi. The stones were single pelvic stone in 14 cases, pelvic stone with lower calyceal stones in 7 cases and pelvic stone with upper calyceal stones in 6 cases. The mean stone size was 32 mm (range 20–47 mm). All patients were managed with supine PCNL performed by a single surgeon. Marking the posterior axillary line in standing position before the operation is a mandatory initial step. The patients were placed in supine position with elevation of the ipsilateral shoulder and hip by means of two bags one underneath the shoulder and the other underneath the hip to widen the operative field. The technique was performed using a sheathless 19 fr. Richard wolf rigid nephroscope after acute tract dilation by amplatz dilators. Complications (intraoperative and postoperative) and stone free rate rates were reported. Results A single lower calyceal access was used in all cases through which we could successfully remove even the upper calyceal stones. Kinking of the guide wire during tract dilatation were encountered in 4 cases and the guide wire was successfully exchanged using a small Teflon dilator in 2 cases while ultrasonographic guided lower calyceal repuncture was done in 2 cases. The average operative time (from the beginning of the puncture trial to nephrostomy tube insertion) was (41 ± 15) min. The operation was successfully completed as planned in all cases with two cases of intraoperative complications (one case of pelvicalyceal system perforation and another case of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion). The initial stone free rate was (92.5%). Postoperative complications was reported in the form of 2 cases of fever that respond to medical treatment for 72 h. Discussion The main advantages of supine pediatric PCNL is that it is comfortable for the surgeon, the anesthetist and the child. The main disadvantages of supine pediatric PCNL is that it is not familiar for most urologists and small field of operation. The short outcome of our study is the small number of cases and the lack of comparative study with prone pediatric PCNL. Conclusions Pediatric supine PCNL is a safe and effective method for management of pediatric renal stones. It carries the advantages of easily upper calyx access through the lower calyceal tract, low incidence of fluid absorption or hypothermia and easy anesthesia monitoring. However a larger number of cases are needed to be evaluated. Download : Download high-res image (114KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Supine positioning with marked posterior axillary line and the needle puncture is horizontal.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopically guided percutaneous suprapubic artery forceps litholapaxy for pediatric vesical and posterior urethral stone1 cm in diameter.A retrospective series study of 73 children (68 boys and 5 girls) with vesical and urethral stones less than 1 cm in diameter with an average age of 3.5 years (range 1-9 years) were included in this study. Cases with previous suprapubic surgery, stones of more than 1 cm in diameter, multiple bladder or urethral stone, anterior urethral stones and cases with neurological or anatomical abnormalities were excluded from our study. The bladder was filled and punctured suprapubically by an artery forceps under the vision of the pediatric cystoscopy then the stone is completely crushed. All intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The stone-free rate status was evaluated 2 weeks postoperatively using plain X-ray/ultrasonography.All cases were successful, and the stones were completely crushed to smaller insignificant fragments in a single session. No intraoperative bladder perforation or bleeding was recorded. The mean operative time was 12.5 min (ranging from 9 to 17 min). There were no postoperative complications apart from 2 cases of persistent suprapubic leakage postoperatively for 24 h and the leakage stopped after 48 h with the insertion of 8 Fr Foley catheter. In all cases, no significant stone fragments were found 2 weeks postoperatively.Our technique for management of pediatric vesical and posterior urethral stone less than 1 cm is an easy and safe with no intraoperative or postoperative significant complications.

To present and evaluate our initial results with a modified double face onlay preputial flap (DOPF) for repair of different degrees of hypospadias.From April 2004 to April 2009, 182 patients with different degrees of hypospadias (distal penile hypospadias = 122, mid penile hypospadias = 38, proximal penile hypospadias = 22) were included in our study. All patients were treated with a modified DOPF. Their age ranged from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3.03 years). Selection criteria were those cases with urethral plate8 mm with either flat or conical glans, and non-circumcised patients. The technique of repair was to use the distally tapered inner preputial mucosa as onlay to augment the narrow urethral plate, while the outer face was tapered distally to augment the closed proximal part of the glanular wings and as skin cover. Suitable urethral catheter was inserted for 3-5 days. Follow-up duration was 27-30 months (mean 24 months).Functional and cosmetic success was reported in 176 patients (96.6%). Six patients (3.29%) had developed complications that affected the success rate: 1 (0.5%) glanular disruption, 2 (1.09%) fistula, 1 (0.5%) urethral diverticulum and 2 (1.09%) lateral penile torsion. Three (1.6%) patients had developed minor complications with no effect on functional and cosmetic success in form of superficial epidermal loss.Modified DOPF is a suitable technique for repair of different types of hypospadias as it results in satisfactory functioning and an acceptable cosmetic appearance.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stentless pediatric ureteroscopic holmium laser stone disintegration without gravels retrieval. From Feb 2007 to Feb 2010, 21 children (12 boys and 9 girls) with unilateral single stone ureter, with an average age of 8.5 years (range 4–12 years), were treated with 6.9 Fr semirigid ureteroscope for a stone size ranged from 5 to 10 mm (mean 6.5 mm). All the stones were radioopaque, located in the upper ureter in 2 cases (9.5%), in the middle ureter in 5 cases (24%), and in the lower ureter in 14 cases (66.5%). Complete holmium laser stone disintegration was applied in all cases without gravels removal. No postoperative ureteral stent was inserted in any case. The stones were successfully approached and completely disintegrated in a single session in 20 cases (95.2%). All the procedures were done without ureteral orifice dilatation apart from 3 cases where another working guide wire was applied. No intraoperative complications were recorded in the form of mucosal injury, ureteral perforation, or urinary extravasation. There is no early postoperative complication in the form of urinary tract infection or colic apart from single case of hematuria which was successfully treated conservatively. Two weeks postoperatively, KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) films were completely free from any significant gravel (>3 mm) and US showed no hydronephrosis. Stentless ureteroscopic holmium laser disintegration without gravels removal is a safe and effective method for pediatric ureteral stone less than 10 mm in diameter.

Steinstrasse is a well-known complication following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin as a management of steinstrasse.88 patients with unilateral steinstrasse were treated between January 2005 and December 2008. The patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups. There were no significant differences between groups for age, gender, stone location, stone length or stone fragment size (p0.05). Patients in group 1 (study group) received a single daily morning dose of tamsulosin (0.4 mg) for a maximum of 4 weeks, in addition to pain-relieving therapy. Patients in group 2 (control group) received only the pain-relieving therapy. All patients were checked weekly with a plain X-ray of the urinary tract, urinary ultrasonography, urine analysis and serum creatinine. Pain episodes, day of spontaneous stone expulsion, total analgesic dosage and drug side-effects were recorded.Stone expulsion occurred in 32 of the 44 patients (72.7%) receiving tamsulosin and in 25 of the 44 patients (56.8%) in the control group. Patients receiving tamsulosin had a significantly higher stone expulsion rate (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences between groups for mean stone expulsion time or number of analgesics used. Twelve patients (27.3%) in the group receiving tamsulosin and 19 patients (43.3%) in the control group needed hospitalization; the group difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017).When compared with no treatment, tamsulosin can significantly facilitate expulsion of retained ureteral stone fragments following ESWL.

To evaluate the use of penile circular skin graft versus flap as a ventral onlay for bulbo-penile stricture urethra.Between 2003 and 2009, 37 patients with bulbo-penile stricture were randomized to penile methods circular skin graft (PCG = 18) or flap (PCF = 19). Inclusion criteria included postinstrumentation or idiopathic stricture. Exclusion criteria were unhealthy skin and previous urethrotomy/urethroplasty. Patients had urethrogram at three weeks, three months, one year, and urethroscopy when needed. Any subsequent urethrotomy/urethroplasty was considered a failure. Chi-square and Student's t test were used for analysis.Patients' ages were 45.3 (range: 30-65) and 45.5 (35-60) yr in PCGPCF respectively. Stricture length was 15.2 (10-22)14.1 (9-21) cm in PCGPCF respectively. The stricture was postinstrumentation in 9 and 11 and idiopathic in 9 and 8 patients in PCGPCF respectively. Mean follow up was 36.2 (12-60) and 37.1 (range: 13-24) months in PCG and PCF respectively. Operative time was significantly shorter in PCG than in PCF (203.3 and 281.6 min, respectively; P = .000). Early postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Superficial skin necrosis occurred only in the PCF group (3 cases). Late complications of mild postvoid dribbling occurred similarly in both groups. One patient in PCF had a urethro-cutaneous fistula at the level of fossa navicularis that was repaired later. Stricture recurred in 5 (27.7%) and 4(21%) patients in PCG and PCF, respectively (P = .249). Four patients had visual internal urethrotomy (2, 2), four needed anastomotic urethroplasty (2, 2) in PCG and PCF, respectively, and one needed buccal mucosal graft in the PCG group.At intermediate follow-up, both penile circular graft and flap had similar and high success as a ventral onlay for repair of long bulbo-penile stricture with a low rate of complications.

Objective We report on the feasibility and outcomes of the N-shaped pouch with an afferent tubular isoperistaltic segment as a new technique for creating a capacious, low pressure bladder substitute following radical cystectomy. Methods Between April 2000 and April 2006, 42 patients (36 male, 6 female) with invasive bladder cancer were considered good candidates for orthotopic urinary diversion. All had radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution by an ileal low pressure reservoir (N-shaped) with an afferent isoperistaltic tubular segment. Of the 42 patients, 36 (86%) had squamous cell carcinoma; 6 had transitional cell carcinoma. None of the patients had positive lymph nodes after pathologic examination of the specimen. The patients were available for a median follow-up period of 24.8 months. Follow-up included clinical and radiographic studies to determine functional and oncological outcomes. Results Eleven patients (26.2%) had early complications during the period ≤ 3 months following surgery. Seven of these patients had complications such as wound infection, prolonged ileus, persistent urinary leakage, and deep venous thrombosis that were treated conservatively. One female patient developed a pouch-vaginal fistula that required repair. The remaining 3 patients had oncologic failures, 1 of which was isolated urethral recurrence. Late complications occurred in 15 patients (35.7%). These included pouch stones, outflow obstruction, mucus retention, and adhesive bowel obstruction. Daytime and night-time continence was achieved in 92% and 80% of the patients, respectively, and ureteroileal stricture was observed in 5%. The upper tracts remained unchanged or improved in nearly 95% of the patients. Conclusions Ileal orthotopic bladder substitution (N-shaped) with an afferent ileal tubular segment offers good functional results with good preservation of the renal units. It is considered a safe and technically feasible surgical procedure.