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Urodynamic (UD) is an exam intended to explore the mechanisms underlying lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary incontinence (UI). It involves the measurement of bladder and sphincter pressures using uretrovesical and rectal catheters with pressure transducers, but also the measurement of urinary flow and bladder sensation during filling. UD is far from being systematic in the assessment of LUTS or UI and must seek to tackle a specific clinical or therapeutic question. Thus, history taking, physical examination, voiding diary and questionnaires are essential prerequisites to UD per se. UD steps include a free (unintubated) uroflowmetry, a cystometry, post-void residual measurement±an urethral profilometry, a pressure-flow study or sensitization tests. The pressures are set to zero before to start the study and the validity of the equipment is tested. This control is continued throughout the procedure to ensure the quality of the recording. Any event (e.g., urine leakage, change of position, urgency) is noted during the study. A final report is made by the doctor. The competence of the nurse ensures the reliability, reproducibility and interpretability of the UD study and the nurse's humanity guarantee f an atmosphere as favourable as possible for this uncomfortable and invasive test., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate computed tomography (CT) texture analysis of the bladder wall as a predictor of urodynamics findings in adult patient with spina bifida., Methods: A single-center prospective trial was conducted from March 2015 to March 2017 including all consecutive adult spina bifida patients seen for urodynamic testing. A contrast-enhanced abdominal CT was systematically performed in all patients during the same visit. Texture features of the bladder wall related to the gray-level histogram and gray-level co-occurrence were evaluated on CT images. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of poor bladder compliance and detrusor overactivity among clinical and texture parameters., Results: Fourty patients were included. The Lasso penalized logistic regression analysis identified 2 texture parameters as potential predictors of poor bladder compliance: Skewness (coefficient weight, -1.81) and S.1.1.SumVarnc (coefficient weight, -3.52). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed skewness (odds ratio [confidence interval 95%] = 0.40 [0.14, 0.97], P = .04) as an independent predictor of poor bladder compliance. The Lasso penalized logistic regression analysis identified one texture parameters as potential predictor of detrusor overactivity: Kurtosis (coefficient weight, -3.52), which was confirmed in multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [confidence interval 95%] = 1.12 [1.01, 1.55], P = .02)., Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CT texture analysis of the bladder wall might be an interesting tool to identify spina bifida patients with high risk urodynamic features., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: The presence of stools in the rectum might affect the quality of the abdominal pressure curve during filling cystometry, but, to date, no study has evaluated the impact of bowel preparation before urodynamics. We evaluated the influence of a sodium phosphate enema before urodynamics on the quality of the abdominal pressure curve., Methods: A prospective, controlled, single-blind study was conducted in a single center from May to June 2013. The patients were divided into 2 consecutive groups: patients seen in outpatient clinics during the first 6 weeks (group A) who underwent urodynamics without bowel preparation and patients seen in outpatient clinics during the second 6 weeks (group B) who had a prescription of sodium phosphate enema before urodynamics. The primary endpoint was the quality of the abdominal pressure curve evaluated independently by three physicians who were blinded to the study group. The following data were also collected: age, gender, the presence of a neurological disorder, complicated nature of urodynamics and bother related to preparation for it, assessed using a Likert scale (0 to 10), and the equipment used. A per protocol analysis and an intent-to-treat analysis were conducted., Results: One hundred and thirty-nine patients were included: 54 in group A and 85 in group B. One-third of patients had neurological conditions. 14 patients in group B did not perform their scheduled enema. Thus, 68 patients performed an enema before urodynamics and 71 did not. There was no difference between groups A and B regarding the complicated nature of urodynamics (Likert scale: 3.12 vs. 3.18; P=0.91) or bother related to preparation for it (Likert scale: 3.46 vs. 2.97; P=0.43). In the per protocol analysis, the abdominal pressure curve was considered perfectly interpretable (PI) in 69% of patients who did not receive an enema before urodynamics and in 65% of patients who did (P=0.61). The between-group difference was not statistically significant in intent-to-treat analysis (P=0.99). In patients who did not receive an enema before urodynamics, the only factors statistically associated with better quality of abdominal pressure curves were age <60years (P=0.001) and the urodynamic equipment used (Dantec ® >Laborie ® ; P=0.01)., Conclusion: In this prospective study, routine enema before urodynamics did not improve the quality of the abdominal pressure curve and did not increase the complicated nature of urodynamics or the bother of preparation for it., Level of Evidence: 3., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Of the various treatments proposed for urge incontinence, frequency and urgency electrostimulation has been widely tested. Different techniques have been used with the necessity of surgical implantation (S3 neuromodulation or sacral root stimulation) or without requiring surgery (perineal transcutaneous electrostimulation). Recently peripheral electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve was proposed for irritative symptoms in first intention or for intractable incontinence. Clinical studies have demonstrated good results and urodynamic parameters were improved after chronic treatment. However, to our knowledge no data concerning acute stimulation and immediate cystometry modifications have been reported. We verified urodynamic changes during acute posterior tibial nerve stimulation., Materials and Methods: A total of 44 consecutive patients with urge incontinence, frequency and urgency secondary to overactive bladder were studied. There were 29 women and 15 men with a mean age +/-SD of 53.3 +/- 18.2 years. Of the patients 37 had detrusor hyperreflexia due to multiple sclerosis (13), spinal cord injury (15) or Parkinson's disease (9), and 7 had idiopathic detrusor instability. Routine cystometry at 50 ml. per minute was done to select the patients with involuntary detrusor contractions appearing before 400 ml. maximum filling volume. Repeat cystometry was performed immediately after the first study during left posterior tibial nerve stimulation using a surface self-adhesive electrode on the ankle skin behind the internal malleolus with shocks in continuous mode at 10 Hz. frequency and 200 milliseconds wide. Volume comparison was done at the first involuntary detrusor contraction and at maximum cystometric capacity. The test was considered positive if volume at the first involuntary detrusor contraction and/or at maximum cystometric capacity increased 100 ml. or 50% during stimulation in compared with standard cystometry volumes., Results: Mean first involuntary detrusor contraction volume on standard cystometry was 162.9 +/- 96.4 ml. and it was 232.1 +/- 115.3 ml. during posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Mean maximum cystometric capacity on standard cystometry was 221 +/- 129.5 ml. and it was 277.4 +/- 117.9 ml. during stimulation. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in first involuntary detrusor contraction volume (p <0.0001) and significant improvement in maximum cystometric capacity (p <0.0001). The test was considered positive in 22 of the 44 patients., Conclusions: These results suggest an objective acute effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on urodynamic parameters. Improved bladder overactivity is an encouraging argument to propose posterior tibial nerve stimulation as a noninvasive treatment modality in clinical practice.

Results of flowmeter studies in 145 patients before and then immediately after urodynamic exploration were unchanged in 80% of women and 72% of men. Abnormal results on flowmetric examination, detected in 18% of cases prior to urodynamic studies, were assessed as normal during follow-up urodynamic tests. These findings raise the question of the validity of flowmeter parameters determined during urethrocystometric exploration.

Présenter les moyens disponibles pour affirmer l'obstruction sous-vésicale (OSV), leurs valeurs diagnostiques et pronostiques respectives et leurs indications. Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée à l'aide de la base de données Medline/PubMed et SCOPUS recherchant les articles traitant de l'évaluation préopératoire de l'obstruction sous-vésicale. L'indication d'une chirurgie de désobstruction est basée sur un faisceau d'arguments cliniques et selon les cas radiologiques, endoscopiques et urodynamiques. Outre l'examen clinique et la débitmétrie avec mesure du résidu postmictionnel, l'échographie et l'endoscopie peuvent apporter des arguments en faveur d'une OSV. Bien que le bilan urodynamique ne soit pas systématique avant chirurgie de désobstruction (en particulier prostatique), l'étude pression débit reste le gold standard , l'OSV étant, en soi, un concept urodynamique. L'interprétation de l'étude pression débit se fait à l'aide du nomogramme de l'ICS chez l'homme avec calcul de l'index d'OSV (Bladder outlet obstruction index = PdetQmax−2 qmax). Chez la femme il n'existe pas de critère consensuel définissant l'OSV urodynamique. Bien que peu développé en France, l'examen vidéo-urodynamique qui associe la fluoroscopie au bilan urodynamique standard peut être un outil d'intérêt dans la recherche préopératoire d'une OSV. Plusieurs pistes d'alternatives non invasives à l'urodynamique ont été évaluées au cours des dernières années comme le condom test, le penile cuff test ou les biomarqueurs urinaires mais restent tous du domaine de la recherche clinique. L'affirmation de l'OSV en préopératoire repose, stricto sensu, sur l'examen urodynamique avec étude pression débit, l'OSV étant en soi un concept urodynamique. Toutefois l'urodynamique n'est pas indiqué de manière systématique avant chirurgie de désobstruction, notamment prostatique. L'examen clinique et la débitmétrie libre avec mesure du résidu post-mictionnel restent les bases indispensables de l'évaluation d'une OSV à pratiquer de manière systématique en préopératoire. To present the various evaluations possible to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), their diagnostic performances and prognostic values along with their indications. A literature review was conducted on PubMed looking for studies addressing the preoperative assessment of BOO. The surgical decision for a bladder outlet procedure is based on a cluster of clinical arguments That might be completed with radiological, endoscopic and urodynamic parameters. Beyond physical examination and uroflowmetry with post-void residual, ultrasound, cystourethrography and cystoscopy may provide help diagnosing BOO. Although urodynamics are not systematic prior to a bladder outlet surgical procedure (especially benign prostatic obstruction surgery), the pressure flow study remains the gold standard, BOO being, per se , a urodynamic concept. The pressure flow study shall be interpreted suing the ICS nomogram in male patients, with calculation of the BOO index (BOOI = PdetQmax-2Qmax). In female patients, there is no consensual urodynamic definition of BOO. Despite its limited spread in France, video-urodynamics, which combine a "plain" urodynamic with a cystourethrography might be a useful tool to diagnose BOO preoperatively. Several non-invasive exams, such as the penile cuff test, the condom test or urinary biomarkers, have been described over the past few years but none has been assessed enough to be used in daily practice. The diagnosis of BOO preoperatively relies, per se , on urodynamics with pressure flow study, BOO being a urodynamic concept. However, a urodynamic study shall not be systematically performed before a bladder outlet surgical procedure, especially before BPO surgery. Physical examination, free uroflowmetry and post-void residuals remain the cornerstones of BOO assessment, and to be performed in all patients before an outlet procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]