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Background: Gout arthritis is the disease because of purine abnormal metabolism marked by the increase of uric acid level in blood. Gout arthritis can also cause disorder in kidney. This research aims to analyze the correlation between protein consumption, nutrient status, and gout arthritis occurance on the visitors of Community Health Center Harapan Raya in 2019. Method: This research used cross sectional study design and was conducted on 11-29th of July 2019 with population all visitors at Community Health Center Harapan Raya Pekanbaru City and total samples were 87 people obtained by using Accidental Sampling. The techniques of data collection were by using questionnaire and food recall 2 x 24 hours method, body weight measurement and body height measurement and uric acid level check. Data analysis was by using univariate and bivariate with Chi Square test. The Result: Respondents’ protein consumption is categorized into low and their nutrient status is excessive. There is correlation between protein consumption (p=0.024) and nutrient status value (p=0.000). Conclusion: There is correlation between protein consumption, nutrient status and gout arthritis occurance on the visitors at Community Health Center Harapan Raya in 2019.

Background. The prevalence of Gout Arthritis in the world is 34.2%. Gout Arthritis is characterized by an increase in uric acid levels >7.2 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women. This disease can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically, one of which is bay leaf and red ginger. Research purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled water of bay leaves and red ginger on reducing uric acid levels in patients with gout arthritis. Methods. This research method is a pre-experimental static-group comparison design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. A sample of 60 respondents was divided into two groups of 30 respondents each, group A intervention boiled bay leaf water for 7 days, group B intervention boiled red ginger water for 7 days. Both groups were observed uric acid levels before and after the procedure using the GCU tool. Result: The results of the paired t-test analysis of group A p = 0.000 and group B p = 0.005 p value

Introduction: Gout or commonly called gout arthritis is a disease that arises suddenly, repeatedly and is very painful, which generally occurs in the big toe or other joints. The elderly said they did not get information and support from their families about how to prevent gout recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the family in the prevention of gout recurrence in the elderly in Silanga Village, Siniu District, ParigiMoutong Regency. Method: The type of research used is descriptive research, the population in this study is the elderly who suffer from gout in Silanga Village, Siniu District, ParigiMoutong Regency, a total of 39 people. The sample in this study was the entire population as a sample, amounting to 39 people. The sampling method is non-probability sampling with a total sampling approach model. Result: It shows that of 39 respondents stated that most of the family roles are sufficient (53.8%), good family roles (23.1%) and less family roles (23.1%). It is hoped that families will give more roles to gout sufferers, namely in the form of a role as a motivator, a role as an educator, and a role as a family nurse. Suggestions for health workers to be more active in providing information about gout, causative factors, and ways to prevent gout recurrence and always involve families to assist the elderly. Conclusion: It is hoped that the family will increase the role given to the elderly in preventing the recurrence of gout in terms of the role as a motivator.

Introduction: Gout arthritis is a type of arthritis that caused too much uric acid in the blood and accumulation of uric acid crystals and causing pain. This pain will interfere with activities. The study aims to determine the effect of warm compresses of Boiled lemon Grass reduce the intensity pain of gout. Method: This research used Quasi Experiment design, pre-test and post-test without control. The research samples were 20 respondents who feel pain gout arthritis and have increased levels of uric acid in the blood. The instruments used were the observation sheet and pain intensity scale measurement sheet with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The statistical test used the Paired T Test. Results: The results showed that differences in the pain intensity before and after intervention with p value 0.005, meaning there was a significant effect warm compressed of Boiled lemon Grass to reduce pain in Gout arthritis. Conclusion: The warm compresses of Boiled lemon Grass can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce the pain of gout arthritis.

Gout or gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium uric crystals in the body. Uric acid is the result of the final metabolism of purines, which is a component of nucleic acids found in the body's cell nucleus. Increased uric acid can cause disturbances in the human body such as feelings of pain. The standard system used to measure uric acid levels in the blood, in general, is an invasive system that uses blood samples and is performed in clinics, health centers, and hospitals at a high cost. This research aims to develop a non-invasive system measuring gout using Near Infrared (NIR) sensor with 940 nm LED and Photodiode as a detector at a wavelength range of 600-1300 nm. The method of developing this tool begins with the stages, conducting a literature study resulting in tool design and tool making as well as tool validation by comparing invasive and non-invasive techniques. The results of this study produce a simple gout monitoring tool with an error value of 4% and low cost and easy to use. Analysis of the results of the tests using analysis of variance P-value> 0.05 and the t-test P (T α shows that the tool designed can be used to monitor gout.

Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients. It is reported that oxidative stress and nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathogenesis of gout arthritis. S14G-humanin (S14G-HNG) is a modified peptide of HNG with higher inhibitory activity on the accumulation and deposition of Aβ. Recently, S14G-HNG has been reported to exert great anti-inflammatory effects. The present study proposed to explore the possible therapeutic property of S14G-HNG against gout arthritis. An animal model was established by stimulation with mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals, followed by treatment with colchicine and S14G-HNG, respectively. The elevated Gait score promoted synovitis score and activated myeloperoxidase (MPO) observed in MSU crystals-treated mice were significantly reversed by colchicine and S14G-HNG. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from mice and stimulated with MSU crystals, followed by being treated with 25 and 50 μM S14G-HNG. The increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, upregulated NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4), activated NLRP3 inflammasome, and elevated production of inflammatory factors in MSU crystals-treated BMDMs were dramatically reversed by S14G-HNG, accompanied by the upregulation of sirtuin type-1 (SIRT1). Lastly, the protective effects of S14G-HNG against MSU crystals-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation were significantly abolished by the knockdown of SIRT1. In conclusion, our data reveal that S14G-HNG could possess potential benefits against MSU crystals-induced gout arthritis, with colchicine displaying a better effect.

Background Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common type of inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 VD3) and vitamin D3 receptor (VD-R) play a protective role in acute inflammation, but interleukin-22(IL-22) promotes inflammation, especially for arthritis. However, our understanding of the responses of 1,25(OH) 2VD3 and IL-22 to gout was still unclear. Presently, in-depth metabolomics, bioinformatics and clinical characteristics analyses were performed to elucidate the pathogenesis and valuable clinical indicators of gouty arthritis. Methods Peripheral venous blood was taken for investigation. The levels of IL-22 and 1,25(OH)2VD3 were determined in patient’s plasma via ELISA, and the mRNA levels of IL-22 and VD-R were measured via qRT-PCR. The interaction network of VD-R and IL22 were constructed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING), and the biological function of the related proteins were analyzed by Clusterprofiler Metabolomics were performed to decipher the metabolic variations of GA. Results The levels of VD-R and 1,25(OH) 2 VD3 were identified to be low. What,s more, GA patients were reported to have high expression of IL-22. And IL-22 levels positively correlated with C-reactiveprotein (CRP) serum levels in the bivariate correlation analysis, whereas the level of 1,25(OH) 2VD3 negatively correlated with that of CRP. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that IL-22 and 1,25(OH) 2 VD3 were involved in stress immunity and inflammatory responses. These pathways are known to play a role in GA pathogenesis. Meanwhile, the metabolic profiles of GA serum showed that the increase in various amino acids and uric acid are involved in GA pathogenesis. Importantly, VD-R and IL22 closely correlated with the level of key metabolites uric acid, whose increase promoted the occurrence of GA. Conclusion GA patients have low levels of VD-R and 1,25(OH) 2 VD3, and high levels of IL-22 together with various amino acids and uric acid. The levels of IL-22 and 1,25(OH) 2VD3 were positively and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels, respectively. Both IL-22 and 1,25(OH) 2 VD3 functioned in GA-related immune and inflammatory responses, and closely correlated with the level of GA-related uric acid. Overall, IL-22, VD-R and 1,25(OH) 2 VD3 play functionally important roles in inflammatory responses and are relevant to gout pathogenesis.

A numerical model of an amperometric-enzymatic uric acid biosensor for a non-relentless condition has been developed. This model depends on the arrangement of nonlinear reaction diffusion equations for Michaelis-Menten formalism that depicts the concentrations of substrate and product. The new rough scientific articulations for the concentration of substrate (uricase enzyme) and product and the corresponding current response have been derived for all estimations of parameters utilizing the new perturbation technique. The non-dimensional numerical model of the amperometric biosensor can be effectively used to examine the responses. Moreover, the relative impact of these parameters is chosen by the Damkohler number and the impact of current density on this number likewise contemplated. All the analytical results are compared with simulation results using MATLAB program and the numerical outcomes concur with fitting hypotheses. Notwithstanding, strikingly the model likewise proposed that the choice of substrate and product for uric acid biosensor for the application of kidney disease and GOUT arthritis diseases. Keywords: GOUT arthritis, Amperometric, Uric acid, Damkohler number, Diffusion equations

Introduction: Gout arthritis is an inflammatory disease characterized by severe acute pain. The goal of pharmacological gout arthritis treatments is to reduce pain, and thereby increase the patient’s quality of life. The Kv7/M channel activators retigabine and flupirtine show analgesic efficacy in animal models of osteoarthritic pain. We hypothesized that these drugs may also alleviate gout arthritis pain. Objective: To determine the effects of retigabine and flupirtine on pain behavior associated with monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout arthritis. Methods: The gout arthritis model was established with an intra-articular injection of MSU into the right ankle joint, animals were treated with retigabine or flupirtine, and pain-related behaviors were assessed. Results: Retigabine and flupirtine significantly increased the mechanical threshold and prolonged the paw withdrawal latency in a rat model of gout arthritis pain in a dose-dependent manner. The antinociceptive effects of retigabine and flupirtine were fully antagonized by the Kv7/M channel blocker XE991. Conclusion: Retigabine and flupirtine showed antinociceptive effects for MSU-induced gout pain at different times during pain development.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Chronic renal disease (CKD) in the patients known with gout arthritis. Method:A total of 162 patients with gout arthritis diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 were included in the study. Our work is a retrospective study. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated by Modification of Renal Disease (MDRD) method. Results: The mean age of the patients was found as 59,64 ± 14,54 (18-93). The majority of patients are male. Mean uric acid levels of the patients were found to be 9.07 mg / dL ± 1.75 (4-14.7). Among these individuals with gout arthritis, % 39,5 (64) had CKD stage 3-5, %46,9 (76) had hypertension, %18,5 (30) had diabetes mellitus, %14,2 (23) had coronary artery disease. 33.3% of the patients had CKD stage 2. Nephrolithiasis was detected in 22 of 85 ultrasound patients. The use of diuretics was detected in 36 of the patients. The consultation rate requested by the dietician was 41,4%. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia and hypertension are high in CKD. Diuretics used in the treatment of hypertension and edema may trigger gout arthritis. Similar to other studies in our study, the prevalence of CKD in gout arthritis was found high., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gut artriti tanısı konan hastalarda kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) prevalansını saptamaktır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 2014 ile 2017 tarihleri arasında gut artirti tanısı konan toplam 162 hasta alındı. Çalışmamız retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Glomeruler filtrasyon hızı Modification of Renal Disease (MDRD) yöntemiyle hesaplandı. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 59,64±14,54 (18-93) olarak bulundu. Hastaların çoğunluğu erkekti. Hastaların ortalama ürik asit seviyeleri 9,07mg/dl±1,75(4-14,7) olarak bulundu. Gut artritli bireylerin % 39,5'i (64) KBH evre 3-5, % 46.9’u (46) hipertansiyon, % 18,5 (30) diabetes mellitus, % 14,2’sinde (23) koroner arter hastalığı mevcuttu. Hastaların %33,3'ü KBY evre 2 olarak saptandı. Ultrasonu yapılmış 85 hastanın 22'sinde nefrolitiyazis vardı. Hastaların 36'sında diüretik kullanımı tespit edildi. Diyetisyenden istenilen konsültasyon oranı %41,4 idi. Sonuçlar: KBH’de hiperürisemi ve hipertansiyon sıklığı yüksektir. Hipertansiyon ve ödem tedavisinde kullanılan diüretikler gut hastalığını tetikleyebilir. Yaptığımız çalışmada diğer çalışmalara benzer şekilde, gut artritli hastalarda KBH prevalansı yüksek oranda saptandı.

Gout arthritis is a disease caused by metabolic disorders with increased concentrations of uric acid, which causes pain in local joints. Management of gout arthritis with pharmacological therapy usually uses several conventional drugs. The high prevalence of chronic pain experienced by sufferers along with the negative effects of dependence on painkillers, causing patients to have an interest in undergoing non-pharmacological therapy, which is an essential strategy in the management of gouty arthritis. Among non-pharmacological therapies, cold compresses (cryotherapy) are more appropriate to use on joints with signs of inflammation such as redness and swelling that occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ice (ice pack) and ice water in the treatment of injuries and treatment modalities commonly used in the management of pain and injury. This study used a Quasy Experiment design with a Two Group Pretest and Posttest design approach. This study was conducted on patients with gout arthritis at PSTW Budi Luhur Jambi City with 16 respondents and control groups respectively. Data analysis in this study used univariate and bivariate tests. independent t-statistics . The results showed the average p enurunan level of pain in patients with gouty arthritis in the control group without treatment pretest 3:50 whereas for the average posttest 3:19 and the average value decreased levels of pain in patients with gouty arthritis in the intervention group before performed cryotherapy 3:38 while the average -The average after treatment is 1.38, the statistical test p-value is 0.0 00 . A da influence Cryotherapy To Decrease Rate Gout Arthritis Pain In Patients PSTW Budi Luhur in the city of Jambi . Keyword : Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cryotherapy, Pain

Gout is described as difficult in joint sore, uttermost ordinarily in the principal metatarsophalangeal joint, attend from formation of urate monosodium crystallization in a joint space. Analysis might be affirmed by recognizable proof of urate monosodium precious stones in synovial liquid of the influenced joint. There has been expanded enthusiasm for gout in common scholarly and clinical practice settings. The pervasiveness of both hyperuricemia and gout has ascended as most recent decade of time in created nations and in this way weight of gout as expanded. The relationship of hyperuricemia and gout with cardio results for chance of added advantages in mediation on hyperuricemia was featured in this audit. Imaging procedures have ended up being helpful for location of urate statement, even before the primary clinical indications, empowering the assessment of the degree of testimony and giving target estimation of precious stone exhaustion amid urate-bringing down treatment. In advancement, the indication defines the pre diagnostic of gout and associated commodities is advised to prevent the inflammation, that image procedures will assess the weight on statement as well reaction to urinary bringing down clinical procedure in chose patients, lastly amongst last key goal on social insurance for clinical evaluation with gout is to totally project urate gem stores. In spite of the fact that the formal determination is defined with arthrocentesis and resulting examination, CT and ultrasound discoveries on addition of evaluation and execution of infection administration. The standard therapy methodology is available for the patients and whose disease is refractory to standard therapy.

Background Gout arthritis associates with many comorbodities such as hyperuricemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which are also factors for the development of/or predisposition factors of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Albuminuria is a predictor factors for CKD. Screening for albuminuria is needed to be done in patients with high risk of CKD. This research was conducted to examine the prevalence of albuminuria and the associated factors in gout arthritis patients.Methods This research was a cross-sectional study from gout arthritis patients’ medical records in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. We included all gout patients who treated within 2011−2015. Subjects with chronic kidney disease, in kidney replacement therapy, hypertension ≥ 10 years, and diabetes ≥ 5 years were excluded. Albuminuria was determined by urine dipstick result of protein ≥ 1+. Factors associated were age, sex, hyperuricemia, hypertension, stage of hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, uric acid level, and body mass index (BMI). Data associated with the factors were recorded and the associations were tested with chi square, fisher’s exact, or independent t-test.Results from 54 subjects included in this research, the prevalence of albuminuria was 20.4%. There were no significant associations between all factors and albuminuria tested by chi square and fisher’s exact test. Independent t-test’s results also showed no significant associations between all the factors and albuminuriaConclusion The prevalence of albuminuria in gout arthritis patient was 20.4%. There were no significant associatons between age, sex, hyperuricemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, uric acid level, and body mass index (BMI) tested with albuminuria in gout arthritis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2011−2015.Keywords: Prevalence, Albuminuria, Gout Arthritis, Risk Factors

Background: Uric acid is always present in the human body, when the rising levels (hyperuricemia) can cause complaints gouty arthritis. The cause of gout arthritis varies and is triggered by a diet high in purine. One diet high in purine include mlinjo (Gnetum gnemon linn) because it contains 50-150 mg of purines per 100 g of beans melinjo, with one of the forms are processed emping melinjo. Results of preliminary observations most people are less concerned with what they eat everyday including emping melinjo consumed as a snack when relaxing. They did not know that eating emping could lead to an increased risk of gout. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the consumption of emping melinjo with the incidence of gout in Wonosari Wadunggetas residents in the village of Klaten. The subjects were Wadunggetas Wonosari Klaten village residents over the age of 40 years a number of 30 respondents. The samples was conducted with a saturated sampling technique, namely by taking all members of the population being sampled because the population is small. Methods in this study isanalytical research design correlation to determine the relationship of chips melinjo consumption as independent variables (independent variable) and the incidence of gout as the dependent variable (dependent variable). Data obtained by questionnaire and observation method. The data collected is then analyzed with chi square test with α 0.05. The results of the study there were 9 respondents with the level of consumption of chips often, all experienced gout, 14 respondents with a rare level of consumption of chips, 11 experienced gout and 3 are not experiencing gout and 7 respondents who do not eat emping no suffer from gout. After Chi-Square test with SPSS version 16.0 with α = 5% (0:05) so obtained p 0.000 p value of

Background : The prevalence of gout arthritis in Indonesia there is no definitive data. Epidemiological surveys conducted in Bandungan, Central Java on WHO-COPCORD cooperation on 4,683 samples aged between 15-65 years found that the prevalence of gout arthritis in women was 11.7% (Darmawan, 2003). The use of drugs aimed at lowering uric acid levels can cause some side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea so that the level of adherence will decrease (M. Adib, 2011). Objective : To analalysis determine the effect of tomato-lemon juice on uric acid level of adult women aged 40-60 years. Methods : A true experimental research design type with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Number of respondents 20 treatments and 18 controls. Intervention was performed for 21 days with the measurement of uric acid at before and after intervention. The test used is paired t test, independent t test and ANCOVA with 95% confidence degree. Result : paired t test showed no difference of pre and post in treatment group (p>0,05). Analysis of the effect on the group with normal uric acid category p = 0.655, in the pre hyperuricemia group p = 0.235 and in hyperuricemia p = 0.221. There was a decrease in uric acid levels by 0.26 mg / dl in hyperuricemia but not significant. ANCOVA results show that juice will give significant effect if controlled with initial uric acid level (p = 0,00). Conclusion : There was no effect of tomato-lime juice consumption on uric acid levels, but there was a decrease of 0.26 in the hyperuricemia group but not significant. It is recommended to do further research on hyperuricemia.