Search

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the American-Yugoslav Project in Regional and Urban Planning Studies (AYP) to explore the Ford Foundation's role in the international circulation of urban planning expertise during the Cold War. In operation in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1966–1976, AYP was a foundation-funded collaboration between Ljubljana's Urban Planning Institute of SR Slovenia and a succession of American universities: Cornell, Wayne State, and Johns Hopkins. Its goal was to bring the American regional planning expertise to Yugoslavia and Europe. Using the lens of network-building, the article highlights the geopolitical motivations of Ford's presence in socialist Yugoslavia before tracing the professional trajectories of AYP's founding members, American geographer Jack C. Fisher and the Slovenian architect Vladimir Braco Mušič. It then analyzes the project as an exemplary 'networking instrument' that connected numerous urban planners across Europe, in turn facilitating the transfer of American cybernetic techniques to Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Kuala Lumpur (KL) emerged as the capital of the newly independent Federation of Malayan States in 1957 with a population of 316,000. Over the next 60 years, the city expanded into a major urban regional conurbation. It now covers an area of 2,790 km2 and has a population of around 7.7 million. In the last two decades, market-driven, fast-track development, underpinned by road infrastructure has accelerated the city's urban transformation. Especially over the last two decades, a spate of urban redevelopments, including commercial and retail complexes, specialised centres, industrial parks, educational complexes and residential estates have transformed the Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Region (KLMR) beyond recognition. KL is only one example among many of intensive Southeast Asian property-led urban development, fuelled by demographic pressures and global capital inflows that transformed the regional natural and built environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of globalisation, neoliberalism and property-led development, on the built form and socio-cultural legacies of the KLMR. Design/methodology/approach: The major aim of this study is to determine how neoliberalism and property-led development have impacted the urban form and structure of the KLMR. The methodology applied in this study concentrates mainly on the use of qualitative research methods. The major qualitative research methods include qualitative analysis, field surveys and observations, primary and secondary data collection. The approach in this study is to exemplify the shift from government-sponsored development in the post-independence period to the current globalised-private oriented development. Findings: The major findings of this research suggest that the global, property-led mode of urban development, whilst superficially successful, undermined traditional and tropical-climate urban landscapes. It also bequeathed many urban or property level problems, including traffic congestion, air pollution, planning governance and building management issues. The paper outlines narratives for a more balanced and sustainable mode of urban development, which is more in tune with local culture and climatic conditions. Originality/value: This paper provides a deep insight analysis and evaluation of KL's growth from a small town into a global metropolitan region where property-led development dictates the rules and determines the character of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a simple analytical scheme and associated qualitative impact scales that capture the spatially varying effects of a regional disaster. Large-scale disasters that affect many towns and cities pose particular challenges for emergency response planning. For example, disruption to transportation systems can impede regional supply chains of critical goods, thereby exacerbating the impacts suffered locally in communities. Conventional metrics of disaster severity, such as number of casualties or intensity of ground shaking, do not adequately capture how community impacts and needs may vary across the affected region, and they do not typically consider regional transportation disruption. Using a series of impact scales, the approach in this paper captures essential attributes of three broad components related to community impacts from a regional disaster—local disaster impacts in a community, regional transportation disruption to the community, and the community's coping capacity—and aggregates them to an overall metric of community impact. The approach can be implemented with widely varying degrees of data availability, as demonstrated in two case applications. Both cases involve an M9 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake affecting a broad region of coastal British Columbia, Canada. The first application illustrates how in a pre-event planning situation, modeled results can be used to anticipate which communities are at greatest risk, and to help prioritize mitigation and emergency response planning. The second case demonstrates how in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, the approach can be used with limited information to help prioritize response and recovery activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes account for the most relevant natural risks with a high index of unpredictability that afflict many countries in the world, in many of which the level of development and socio-economic conditions do not allow an adequate response to the effects caused by catastrophes. The unsuitability of public structures and the lack of awareness and consciousness within public opinion towards seismic risk, which is already severely disregarded in industrialised countries, is accentuated in developing countries where populations are daily harassed by the struggle to satisfy the most basic needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) has wrought a profound evolution in the landscape planning discipline, contributing to the integration of the landscape into planning policy. This paper explores the operative significance of including the landscape dimension in local urban planning policies. Adopting an inter-scalar approach, the research analyses the renewal of local urban planning in light of the innovations introduced by the Apulia Regional Landscape Plan (PPTR), an exemplary case of ELC implementation in Italy. One of the spatial strategies indicated in the PPTR provides valuable insights into the complex relationships between the city and the countryside. That strategy, the City-Country Pact, interacts with urban transformations and, as a result, with municipal planning. The paper utilises PPTR indicators to explore how some Apulian municipalities interpret and implement the City-Country Pact. A comparative analysis of case studies outlines the approaches and conditions by which urban planning can effectively renew itself through the ELC landscape approach, influencing plan philosophy, regulations and practices. The paper also points out the current limitations of such processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hierarchy of tools in spatial planning allows for decision-making to be guided downwards, with a broader purpose defined at an overriding level of policy-making. In the hierarchical systems there are two main categories of tools of guiding and regulatory character. This paper examines the components of the hierarchical structure of the Greek spatial planning system as they emerge from the basic institutional framework during the 1976 - 2020 period. The investigation concerns the relations between the levels of planning with the key questions concerning the determination of the intensity of the hierarchical structure but also the tendencies of its change, especially during the last decade with the introduction of the concept of “feedback”. The context of this investigation is the concept of harmonisation with the overlying planning based on the urgency resulting from the regulatory density of the provisions. The mechanism of harmonisation is being assessed, as it has recently been shaped by the reform of legislation which challenges but does not overturn the hierarchy of planning levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

National planning and health organizations agree that to achieve healthy and sustainable food systems, planners must balance goals across a spectrum of sustainability issues that include economic vitality, public health, ecological sustainability, social equity, and cultural diversity. This research is an assessment of government-adopted food system plans in the U.S. that examines which topics, across the three dimensions of sustainability (social, environmental, and economic), are included in local food system plans and conducts an exploratory analysis that asks whether the community capitals (built, cultural, social, financial, human, and natural) available in a community are associated with the content of food system plans. The research team first developed a Sustainable Food System Policy Index made up of 26 policy areas across the three dimensions that, in aggregate, define and operationalize sustainable food systems. With this index we evaluated a sample of 28 food system plans for inclusion of these policy impact areas. We then performed an exploratory regression analysis to examine whether the availability of community capitals was associated with the content of food system plans. Findings indicated that jurisdictions integrated a broad range of issues into their food system plans; however, there are certain issues across every dimension of sustainability that are much less frequently included in plans, such as strategies related to participation in decision-making, financial infrastructure, and the stewardship of natural resources. Regression analysis identified statistically significant linear relationships between particular capitals and the proportion of policy areas included in plans. In particular, higher metrics associated with poverty were associated with the inclusion of fewer policy areas and with a potentially narrower policy agenda. This study adds to the plan evaluation literature as one of the first attempts to document the content of a sample of U.S. food system plans through a sustainability lens, contributing to the knowledge of what types of issues are advanced by local food system plans and the policy implications of current gaps in planning agendas.

Regional planning plays a central role in Germany's multi‐level system for managing regional and local land use, giving concrete shape to state planning specifications and providing municipalities with binding guidelines for urban land use planning. While planning proponents affirm the positive effects of regional planning such as reduced land consumption and less urban sprawl, representatives of neoclassical urban economic theory see regulation as the reason for lower economic growth. With the help of fixed effects panel models, we examine the impact of regional planning regulations on the housing market, migration and prices in Germany's growing labor market regions. We conclude that regional planning regulations reduce construction activity. However, this effect is relatively small and does not raise building land prices and rents. Nevertheless, results indicate that the lower level of construction activity—due to strict regional planning regulations—contributes to weaker overall population growth. Based on our results, we cannot confirm important predictions of neoclassical urban theory regarding the effects of regional planning regulations on labor migration patterns and downstream processes for Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, rapid urbanization in China has been accompanied by city shrinkage. Identifying shrinking cities and clarifying the spatial and temporal patterns are of great significance for formulating policies and realizing smart shrinkage. City shrinkage characterized by population loss is a difficult challenge for urban planning and regional development policy-making. This paper uses 2012–2020 nighttime light (NTL) data to identify the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of shrinking cities in China and excavates the shrinking cities' trend of agglomeration and dispersion further. The following results are obtained. (1) About 34.9% of prefecture-level cities are shrinking across the country but most severely in northeast and northwest China; (2) the number of shrinking cities fluctuates over time (2015 and 2020 are the peak shrinkage years). Shrinking cities in China show a northeast-to-southwest spatial distribution. (3) From 2012 to 2020, the aggregation degree of shrinkage continuously decreased (Low-Low) and the aggregation degree of growth continuously increased (High-High), indicating that shrinkage in northeast China was slightly alleviated and that the radiative effect of the growth pole was further enhanced. These findings help us better understand the trend of city shrinkage in China. Future work needs to be focused on the potential causes of the shrinkage. Furthermore, long-term trends also need to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Global South, including the Sub-Saharan African city-regions, the possible future urban expansion patterns may pose a challenge towards improving environmental sustainability. Land use planning strategies and instruments for regulating urban expansion are faced with challenges, including insufficient data availability to offer insights into the possible future urban expansion. This study integrated empirical data derived from Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, and surveys of experts to offer insights into the possible future urban expansion under spatial planning scenarios to support land use planning and environmental sustainability of city-regions. We analyzed the spatial determinants of urban expansion, calibrated the land cover model using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov, and developed three scenarios to simulate land cover from 2017 to 2030 and to 2050. The scenarios include Business As Usual that extrapolates past trends; Regional Land Use Plan that restricts urban expansion to the land designated for urban development, and; Adjusted Urban Land that incorporates the leapfrogged settlements into the land designated for urban development. Additionally, we quantified the potential degradation of environmentally sensitive areas by future urban expansion under the three scenarios. Results indicated a high, little, and no potential degradation of environmentally sensitive areas by the future urban expansion under the Business As Usual, Adjusted Urban Land, and Regional Land Use Plan scenarios respectively. The methods and the baseline information provided, especially from the Adjusted Urban Land scenario showed the possibility of balancing the need for urban expansion and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas. This would be useful to improve the environmental sustainability of the Sub-Saharan African city-regions and across the Global South, where insufficient data availability challenges land use planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National planning and health organizations agree that to achieve healthy and sustainable food systems, planners must balance goals across a spectrum of sustainability issues that include economic vitality, public health, ecological sustainability, social equity, and cultural diversity. This research is an assessment of government-adopted food system plans in the U.S. that examines which topics, across the three dimensions of sustainability (social, environmental, and economic), are included in local food system plans and conducts an exploratory analysis that asks whether the community capitals (built, cultural, social, financial, human, and natural) available in a community are associated with the content of food system plans. The research team first developed a Sustainable Food System Policy Index made up of 26 policy areas across the three dimensions that, in aggregate, define and operationalize sustainable food systems. With this index we evaluated a sample of 28 food system plans for inclusion of these policy impact areas. We then performed an exploratory regression analysis to examine whether the availability of community capitals was associated with the content of food system plans. Findings indicated that jurisdictions integrated a broad range of issues into their food system plans; however, there are certain issues across every dimension of sustainability that are much less frequently included in plans, such as strategies related to participation in decision-making, financial infrastructure, and the stewardship of natural resources. Regression analysis identified statistically significant linear relationships between particular capitals and the proportion of policy areas included in plans. In particular, higher metrics associated with poverty were associated with the inclusion of fewer policy areas and with a potentially narrower policy agenda. This study adds to the plan evaluation literature as one of the first attempts to document the content of a sample of U.S. food system plans through a sustainability lens, contributing to the knowledge of what types of issues are advanced by local food system plans and the policy implications of current gaps in planning agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aotearoa New Zealand has shifted towards more collaborative decision‐making for freshwater in recent years, as national and local authorities seek new ways of working with communities. While the potential benefits of collaboration are well established, the messiness of collaborative processes can challenge institutional imperatives to develop formally justified, implementable plans. This paper explores a collaboration‐first attempt, 'Healthy Rivers/Wai Ora: Proposed Waikato Regional Plan Change 1', demonstrating that while more inclusive forms of plan‐making may better reflect diverse values, interests and knowledges, relinquishing control over planning processes can present significant challenges in the face of existing institutional structures and legislative requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The General Urban Development Plan for Lourenço Marques (today Maputo) was approved on 25th April 1955. Coordinated by architect João Aguiar, director of the Colonial Planning Office. it was developed based on the first urban plan for the city, which had been drawn up by Joaquim José Machado and António José de Araújo in 1887. A further new Master Plan for Lourenço Marques was drawn up between 1967 and 1969. This new one was the last before Mozambique gained independence in 1975 and it was drafted by a specialist team coordinated by the engineer and urbanist Mário de Azevedo. The orientations applied in Aguiar's Urban Plan were quite distinct from those of Azevedo's Master Plan. The innovative element was that it opposed the 'conception of a city closed in on itself, limited in size and structure'. Azevedo's plan furthered a regional interpretation of the territory and placed the emphasis on the provision of an entire transport infrastructure network by land, sea, and air. This paper seeks to throw light on the evolution of Portuguese urbanism in the Portuguese African colonies in the last years of colonization with a view to highlighting the different approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name of Patrick Geddes is well-known for his work on town planning, but he was a multi-talented individual who engaged at the forefront of the birth of a diversity of academic disciplines that we now frequently regard as disparate. This review essay explores a book documenting the pioneering activities of Geddes in ecology, sociology, cultural studies, and human geography, which he sought to link in a unifying theory of human ecology. Crucial to understanding the work of Geddes is the awareness that he constantly strove to bridge the gaps that he perceived between science and the arts, between practical skills and theoretical concepts, and between the need for sustainability in both cultural and environmental terms. In tracing the roots of the radical thinking that Geddes generated, the author has explored the substantial contributions made by a scholar who was ahead of his time and shows that there is still much to be gained by reconsidering his intellectual legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article follows on from the article on spatial planning in Sweden published in the 5/21 issue of this journal, which contained basic information on Swedish spatial planning, and an article on related documents and processes published in issue 1/22. The processes used for specifi c spatial planning documents are described in detail. While Part I dealt with local and municipal planning, this article is about detailed planning at regional level. Its aim is to describe the documents, outline the responsibilities and involvement of actors in particular processes and present the legislative requirements and documents for planning at each level. Also, it describes the cycle of their origin, approval, practical application and possibilities of cancellation or change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart infrastructure is positioned as central to the liveability and viability of rural and regional towns in Australia. The Australian Government's Smart Cities Plan and Regional Connectivity Program includes Smart Investment in regional areas and the New South Wales Government has prioritised connectivity and telecommunications infrastructural development through the Regional Digital Connectivity program. And yet regional and rural communities are typically excluded from the evidence base for smart technologies and services. Local Aboriginal Land Councils are also important stakeholders in managing the digital processes associated with information and infrastructure moving across different Countries. This paper draws on data from the 'It just works!': Regional and rural consumer understandings of smart technologies in North West New South Wales project, including over 130 survey responses and interviews with shire councillors, land councillors, and consumers on smart development and Internet infrastructure in the region. In the areas surveyed, smart regional policy is variously emerging, non‐existent, or assembled from existing policy domains and regulation involving the Internet, telecommunications, regional development, First Nations, and local government. We argue that regional and rural understandings of growth and development are experienced through the infrastructuring processes of Internet quality, availability, and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive urbanization is a major cause of landscape fragmentation, depletes natural habitats and affects climate change. An efficient counteraction is offered by the realization of green infrastructures (GIs). GIs contribute to ecological connectivity, increase ecosystem resilience, address climate change, and improve people's wellbeing. The inclusion of GIs in spatial planning processes is important for mainstreaming environmental considerations in the design of sustainable cities. Despite the interest in the integration of GIs in urban planning theories and tools, few scientific works have tackled this issue systematically. This study aims at clarifying if – and to what extent – GI concepts are included in regional plans and programs adopted in Sardinia (Italy). We scrutinized the documents by using quali-quantitative content analysis based on criteria rooted in scientific literature and figured out that few plans and programs incorporate a clear definition of GIs. Most of them incorporate implicit references to GIs. Our results confirm other scientific evidence and open to future research works applied to the Sardinian and to other regional and national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effect of urban and rural regional spatial planning and resource allocation, we need to focus on the factor of urban and rural population flow. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effect of urban and rural population mobility and spatial planning under the background of big data. Based on the evaluation of the effect of urban-rural population migration, according to the evaluation principle of the effect of urban-rural population migration after the reform and opening up, the evaluation index system is constructed, the dimensionless processing of the evaluation index system is carried out, the evaluation index weight is calculated, and the evaluation index is quantified, so as to complete the effect evaluation of spatial planning. Finally, taking Tianjin as an example, the application effect of this design method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1992 Urban and Regional Planning Law, later catalogued as Chapter 38 of the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN) in 2004, is the latest in a series of legislations on physical planning in Nigeria. Contrived as a national legislation under a centralised administration, it was meant to be adopted by each of the 36 states of the country and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. However, 30 years on, full implementation of its provisions is yet to be effected. The objectives of this review article include an exploration of the content of the law and the status of its implementation across the 36 states in Nigeria from 1992 to 2022. The method used is qualitative, involving a review of secondary information from government documents, newspaper reports, and content analyses of provisions of the law in view of the realities of planning administration in the country. The article shows that only 11 states out of 36 have passed the law, demonstrating a general lacklustre attitude towards it. In addition, the required institutions of autonomous Local Planning Authorities and Development Control Departments, which the law prescribes as arrowheads in its implementation, are yet to be established, even in the states where the law has been legislated. The article discusses the provisions and relevance of the law and the wide gulf between its intent and the reality of urban growth in Nigeria. The article concludes by recognising the general lack of competence among the states in implementing the law and identified key issues including the need for future planning legislations to be more pragmatic by separating policy from detailed development control standards in their administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating the ecosystem services (ES) concept into land-use planning has been the focus of researchers in recent years. Forwarding this objective in order to foster human well-being, urban and regional planning became the focus of research efforts. Furthermore, governance research has been beneficial in studying the coupling of ecosystem services and planning processes. Thus, in this explorative case study we have analysed the governance of urban and regional planning in two case studies -- Rostock and Munich -- in order to gain insights about the role and value of ecosystem services among planning actors. We conducted semi-structured interviews to identify relevant parameters to facilitate integrational approaches of ecosystem services into decision-making in the context of cross-sectoral urban and regional planning. Based on our results, we argue for a change of the perspective of ES within planning practice. Instead of ecological or economic endeavours, the contribution of ES to human well-being should be in the centre of attention. Human well-being as an overarching aspiration may have the potential to shift ecosystem services from sectoral to cross-sectoral planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work has as aim the highlighting of the importance of statistics as a science that provides the ensemble of methods and techniques for the study and analysis of regional development. For this, is trying a specific argumentation of the role of statistics in the quantification the different aspects of regional development, starting from the comparative assessment of the levels of macroeconomic aggregate of results of the Member States of the European Union, whose conclusions can be a good premise for the structuring of the territory on regions of development, a concept specific to regional science. Study of the specialized literature led to several important conclusions, including: in contouring and development of the regional science an important role had sciences as: statistics, econometrics, mathematics, sociology, politology and others, which gives regional science an interdisciplinary character; within the regional science, the regional economy is highlighted due to the wide range of addressed problems, at the three levels of knowledge: economic theory, method and practical applicability; among the methods of analysis used by the regional economy, the statistical methods have an essential importance in knowing the level, qualitative-structural dimensions, dynamics, correlations and interregional and intraregional dependencies among variables a.s.o.; statistics has an essential role in the substantiation of the regional development strategies, in the regional planning, in monitoring the results of the regional development policies a.s.o.; current evolution of regional science is achieved, not without the contribution of statistics, in directions such as: regional planning, regional forecast, urban economy, rural economy, land use planning, sustainable spatial development a.s.o. The work presents a comparative analysis of some key-indicators of the regional development, by regions of development in Romania, in 2015 and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ill-defined space between urban and rural areas is typically referred to as peri-urban landscape. One key reason for this lack of clarity is the unduly broad scale of conceptual and geographical resolution. This article focuses on its spatial elucidation at a sub-regional scale. It describes a method for delineating peri-urban landscape, based on spatial and demographic criteria. Arguably, spatially explicitly denoted peri-urban landscape on a sub-regional level would help in choosing appropriate local and regional planning approaches and policies for its development. The method, based on an overlay analysis, was tested using datasets from regional and municipal authorities in Ljubljana and Edinburgh. The results indicate that this less ambiguous spatial definition of peri-urban landscape offers a sound basis for planning and policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization in localities offers a lot of opportunities but also imposes a lot of challenges due to its direct relationship to population growth. This leads to an increase in the demand for essential goods and services such as food, energy, water among others. Hence, small-area population forecasts have long been an important element in urban and regional planning to aid in the decision-making processes in a locality. The promise of smart cities, through the use of advanced technologies, is to make cities livable and sustainable, preparing more opportunities and addressing challenges on urbanization. This study aims to forecast population distribution in Iloilo city by incorporating GIS techniques and highlighting the use of spatial autocorrelation models. The spatial interaction effects between neighboring barangays are taken into consideration to identify a set of factors affecting the population. The results identified a set of significant explanatory variables and whether it will result in an increase or decrease in population. The study also illustrates the resulting population forecast comparing it to the actual total population of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production models' flexibilization in capitalist economies continues to transform industrial activities' spatial organization in a regional continuum. Placed in planned complexes located on cities' fringes, firms often stand inaccessible from regional circulation routes, which hinder activities' long-term economic sustainability. Further changes are impending, as forthcoming Smart Manufacturing logistics require efficient linkages between local and regional transportation models. Such issues compel urban planners, economists and policymakers to re-evaluate industrial territories' imprint on metropolitan dynamics and enact proper strategies towards the industry. In this paper, the role of road-circulation network centralities on industrial complexes' placement in a regional continuum is analysed, refining the existent methods to assess industry spatial configuration and agglomeration logics. Empirical cases comprise five Brazilian industrial complexes in Porto Alegre's Metropolitan Region. Hypothesis is that road-circulation network centralities' hierarchies (closeness and betweenness) have positive correlations to industrial placement patterns at regional and inner-complex scale, informing regional contiguity dynamics amid discontinuous industrial spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between cultural heritage and sustainable development has been on the agenda of many related stakeholders for many years. Thus, cultural heritage was introduced into the sustainable development agenda in September 2015, being emphasized within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations (UN). Believing in this relationship, this paper focuses on capacities and limitations of various disciplines in reaching SDGs through cultural heritage conservation and management (CHC&M). The paper argues that we need innovative and transformative strategies and policies for the conservation and management of cultural heritage to be able to reach UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This requires a strong collaboration among various disciplines, primarily architecture, urban design, urban and regional planning - kin disciplines - as well as economics, geography, demography, and urban sociology. The research presented in this paper is based on a thorough literature review on sustainable development, SDGs, cultural heritage, and conservation and management of cultural heritage with an aim to put forward an interdisciplinary approach for CHC&M which will then lead to reaching SDGs. With this aim in mind, the research identifies the actual one to-one relationship between SDGs and CHC&M, while emphasizing the role of each kin discipline on CHC&M and sustainable development through a critical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of the consistency of spatial plans should be a part of the planning process composed of three stages: plan preparation, implementation, and monitoring. Evaluation types affecting each of these stages are known as "ex-ante", "on-going", and "ex-post" evaluation, respectively. The inefficiencies in the stage of "ex-ante evaluation" has become an important issue in recent urban and regional planning studies. Given this knowledge, in this paper, an analytical method for this stage is proposed by examining the literature and national legislation. The method is based on consistency tests with qualitative criteria some of which also include quantitative data. The main output of the study is the "Guide for Evaluation of Spatial Plans (GESP)" that was prepared in this context. It starts with the formulation of consistency tests of the GESP that were constructed in two main categories based on "internal" and "external" consistencies, where the latter is divided into two as "horizontal" and "vertical". Afterwards, implementation of the systematic framework of the GESP is explained with reference to legislative grounds for the administrations and their authorities in plan making-approving in different jurisdictions and scales in Turkey and this framework is exemplified for a given set of different type and scale plans. In this context, the illustration involves the upper-scale plans that cover the City of Trabzon and some of the lower-scale plans for the settlements from within this city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of planning researchers and practitioners argue for a shift from mobility-centered transportation planning to an accessibility-focused one. Accessibility is a compelling concept that has proven more difficult to operationalize than mobility, which helps to explain why so many accessibility metrics have been developed for urban research and planning practice. To assess the state of these metrics, we reviewed 54 of them in light of their theoretical basis, data requirements, units of analysis, travel modes and trip purposes accounted for, and potential applications to planning practice. We also reviewed the substantial literature on accessibility measurement and interviewed planning practitioners who are applying accessibility metrics in practice. We find that accessibility theory and measurement has advanced more rapidly than applications in practice. However, a new generation of tools is emerging that may accelerate the move to accessibility planning. Although many of the measures focus on a single travel mode, the number of multimodal metrics is growing. Most of the measures are designed for regional-scale planning and scenario evaluation; only a few to date are intended for project evaluation. The 54 accessibility metrics and tools we reviewed vary widely and none stands out as obviously superior for planning practice. Although most calculate the accessibility of places, and many do so reasonably well, we see the most promise in measures of the accessibility of travelers, which can then be aggregated for place-based analyses while still shedding light on how access can vary substantially across different types of travelers. The principal challenge to broadly deploying accessibility analyses in practice in the years ahead is in developing measures that meaningfully measure the many salient dimensions of access, have manageable data requirements, and are understandable to planners, public officials, and community members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A quantitative approach to examine policy preference conflicts among diverse stakeholders across multiple plans. • Hazard mitigation plan incorporated the most overall stakeholder policy preferences among the four examined plans. • The regional transportation plan incorporated the fewest overall stakeholder policy preferences. • The hazard mitigation plan and the regional conservation plan had the highest level of policy consistency. • The hazard mitigation plan and regional transportation plan had the lowest level of policy consistency. The objective of this paper was to create and test a methodological framework for examining the extent to which various plans captured diverse stakeholder policy preferences related to resilience planning and management of interdependent urban systems. Policy preferences represent what were important for stakeholders and determine the priorities of stakeholders in resilience planning of urban systems. Stakeholders in different urban sectors may have conflicts of policy preferences in the resilience planning process. A comprehensive understanding of the extent to which plans incorporated and reflected policy preferences of different stakeholders would greatly improve the quality of resilience planning. Hence, we proposed a plan evaluation framework to examine the extent to which various plans captured diverse stakeholder policy preferences in resilience planning of interdependent infrastructure systems. We showed the application of the proposed framework in the evaluation of four plans affecting flood resilience planning in the Houston area. The proposed tool could help identify conflicted stakeholder policy preferences in planning and enable evaluation of policy consistency in networks of plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of big data, multiple data sources have been employed in the study of land use and transportation for urban and regional planning purposes. This paper offers an example of how multiple data sources (e.g., mobile signalling data, taxi trips and transit trips from smartcard data) can be used to estimate the spatial pattern of commute mode preference in Beijing, China. The comparative analysis investigates the spatial pattern of commute mode preference by taxi at a fine resolution in Beijing. This work indicates how the preference for taxis can be seen in the north-east of the inner city, but not around employment centres. Equally, a complementary relationship is found between a preference for taxis and public transit that provides useful insights into modal choice at an intra-urban scale. These findings are useful in urban planning and transport management.

This study explores a tool used to assess economic development, technological innovation, environmental sustainability and liveability in urban areas. The research employs qualitative and quantitative analysis in the development of an index – the Sustainability–Innovation–Local Economic Development Index (Sustain-LED Index) – that considers macroeconomic and environmental indicators and associated policies implemented in the largest US metropolitan areas. The Sustain-LED Index could broaden the range of tools available to policy-makers for identifying and removing obstacles for improving the quality of life, reducing inequalities and diminishing the degree of pollution in urban areas. It could represent a supporting tool for local entities to design new policies for spurring local economic development and it could be used for designing new urban policies throughout a greater understanding of the economic, social and environmental consequences caused by urbanization.

By revisiting its history from 1870 down to the present, this essay examines the role played by the figure of the parkway – both as idea and as object – in the urban development of the New York metropolitan area. It is the 'Odyssey' that interests us here: from the emergence of the Brooklyn parkways designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, to the invention as a total project of the first modern parkway along the Bronx river, from the deployment of a system of regional parkways planned by Robert Moses in the 1930s to its obliteration in the face of the prominent development of highways, followed by the first attempts to rehabilitate historic parkways in the 1970s, when the city was going through a major crisis. Today, the renewed interest of designers and historians has made the parkway an important part of the heritage of urban planning, confronted with major projects and operations that mobilize different scales, uses and disciplines, between conflicting urban policies and temporal shifts. By looking back on its past and projecting its future, the inventory of the New York Parkway history provides valuable lessons with regard to the global changes affecting the contemporary city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the engagement of critical geographers from Northeastern Brazil with regional planning, aiming at transforming society by acting on their region's spaces. Extending and putting in relation literature on planning theory in the Global South and geographical scholarship on decoloniality, I explore new archives showing how the planning work that these geographers performed from 1957 to 1964 was an example of the 'South' re-elaborating and putting into practice notions arising from 'international' literature, such as that of 'active geography', and pioneering critical uses of instruments, such as mappings and statistics, that have often been associated with technocracy and political conservatism. Connected with peasants' struggles and with a theoretical framework that is cognisant of the colonial histories and insurgent Black and indigenous traditions in the Northeast, these geographers' works show that there is no 'Southern Theory' without a concrete engagement of scholars with social and political problems, one which is not limited to 'participation', but aims at challenging the political powers in place. Although not devoid of contradictions that are analysed here, the experiences of these Southern geographers acting in and for the South can provide precious insights into current (Northern or Southern) scholarly programmes aimed at resisting oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are rapidly emerging in United States cities, leaving urban and regional planning institutions unsure how to plan and develop policies. This paper analyzes how regional transportation plans (RTPs) developed by metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are approaching the risks and opportunities presented by AVs. Among 52 MPOs, a majority only mention key issues and emphasize high levels of uncertainty. Twelve MPOs develop policies on infrastructure, safety, partnerships, data-sharing, and multimodal transportation. Despite a positive trend, many recently adopted RTPs do not incorporate AVs. To plan for uncertain mobility futures, MPOs must develop more flexible approaches to long-term infrastructure investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Built landscapes—patterns of streets, blocks, parcels of land, buildings, and related infrastructure at the scale of an urban neighborhood or greater—are often difficult for decision makers and the public to understand, especially within the complex “collage city” of the postmodern era. Yet understanding the variety of these forms can help stakeholders make wise choices regard- ing how to plan and design urban regions in the future to meet goals such as livability and sustainability. Based on aerials, maps, and images available through Google and other sources, I develop a typology of built landscape forms found within 24 metropoli- tan regions worldwide and use GIS to map these forms and compare regions. The analysis shows that 27 basic types of built landscape make up metropolitan regions worldwide, of which nine are very common. Traditional urban types now make up a small fraction of most metropolitan areas world- wide, while suburban and exurban forms comprise the vast majority of the land area. There are noted regional differences in the mix of built landscape types.Takeaway for practice: Each built landscape form offers challenges and opportunities for planning objectives such as livability and sustainability. It is important for planners to a) help the public and decision makers understand built landscapes and their implications; b) include landscape-scale elements, such as street patterns and networks of green infrastructure, when framing urban development alternatives; c) ensure that local codes and design guidelines enable desired forms of built landscapes and discourage those that are problematic for sustainability; and d) encourage built landscape change that promotes sustainability.

This analysis focuses on different levels of Cross-Border Regional Planning (CBRP) processes in the Cascadia borderland. The region is home to the business-led initiative 'Cascadia Innovation Corridor' (CIC), designed to foster cross-border economic integration. The CIC strives to build a global innovation ecosystem in Cascadia, including a new high-speed train to connect Seattle and Vancouver. This paper focuses on the scope of the CIC as a CBRP case. The authors evaluate engagement of city governments and coherency between different planning scales to determine whether the CIC has been addressing the major challenges that may prevent tighter economicintegration in Cascadia. The analysis deploys secondary data as well as primary data collected through surveys and interviews. The results shed light on a discrepancy between supra-regional 'soft planning' and the urban planning level. The authors offer an evidence-based proposal to broaden the scope of the CIC from a CBRP standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes two aspects of Mexican law that are relevant for planning practice in the country—eminent domain and expropriation. This article shows that the transition in Mexico from a semi-authoritarian to a democratic electoral political system brought not only substantial variability in the application of laws across states but also in planning practice. Democracy has generated a national debate about property rights issues and has reshaped the State–citizen relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue approaches regional planning as a contested arena of strategic planning. With this view, we transcend the idea that regional planning is purely a matter of scale and approach the complexity of regional planning from three perspectives: interests, institutions and relations. The perspective of 'interests' reveals the various underlying motivations connected to regional planning. The perspective of 'institutions' addresses the encounter of formal and informal rules, norms and discourses shaping planning and governance practices. The perspective of 'relations' uncovers the complex constellations of actors and processes associated with planning, involving various administrative scales, territorial entities and sectoral policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing future uncertainty is the essence of planning. How planners conceptualize the future therefore has important practical and normative implications as contemporary decisions have long-term impacts that may be irreversible and distribute costs and benefits across society. A discourse analysis of strategies prepared under the 100 Resilient Cities programme reveals that while they are ostensibly forward-looking and cognizant of uncertainty, most presume a knowable future (epistemic certainty) and focus on well-understood or recently experienced risks. Few acknowledge the future's inherent unknowability (ontic uncertainty). Those that do emphasize community self-help; others describe top-down, government-led initiatives. Most strategies also present an image of societal consensus, downplaying the potential for legitimate disagreement over means and ends (discursive uncertainty). These findings suggest that new conceptualizations of future uncertainty have had limited impacts on planning practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global decline of children's independent mobility is well documented. Whilst the Nordic countries are no exception, a previous study discovered high levels of independent mobility in a suburban community in the south of Sweden (Johansson, M., A. Raustorp, F. Mårtensson, C. Boldemann, C. Sternudd, and M. Kylin. 2011. "Attitudal Antecedents of Children's Sustainable Everyday Mobility." Transport and Health Issues: Studies on Mobility and Transport Research 3: 55–68). The current study investigates the everyday outdoor lives of children in this community to shed light on the mechanisms contributing to the children's independent mobility. Sixteen children aged 10–11 years old participated in place mapping and child-led walks. The results describe how their independent mobility grows from their joint commitment to play and socialise in a collective process that builds on their experiences of the local environment to form a shared patchwork of people, places and practices that meets their mutual needs. In light of plans for new development in the area, relational arrangements supporting children's agency are uncovered and independent mobility is confirmed as an important indicator of child-friendliness in planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]