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Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to carry out an analysis of the transformations that occurred in the territory of the former captaincy of Porto Seguro, throughout the colonial period. At least three important moments of expansion of territorial occupation occurred: the first, in the first two centuries of colonization; the second, in the second half of the 18th century with the Pombaline reforms; and the third, in the final decades of the colonial period. The aim is to demonstrate that even in moments of great political instability, the territory of Porto Seguro gradually became more dynamic, going against the "myth of devastation" created and repeated over so many years. As a result, we observe an urban network that has branched out and become more complex, revealing a much more interconnected and capillarized territory than is initially conceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REDER: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres is the property of Corporacion Gestion de Riesgos y Desastres (GRID-Chile) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this work is to account for the narratives and the transformation of public space, manifested in the mural painting in the Colombian city of Sogamoso. For this we have referred, as a source of analysis, to a previous theoretical and historical approach, as well as to the photographic record. Thus, unprecedented results are obtained in the study of the city and its relationship with the construction of its public spaces by artistic collectives. On the other hand, the artistic aspect --still very little recognized-- is affirmed as an extension of the reality of the city itself. It is concluded how mural painting, in a visual laboratory, preferably defines urban art, and creates identity, memory and a city thought through citizen participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This urban history study reconstructs and explores the focused materialization of the actions of the Ministerio de la Vivienda y Urbanismo (MINVU) and the presence of the housing construction market that, between 1965-1976, participated in the scientific planning and urban metamorphosis of the satellite citie of Maipú. Thanks to the coordination of both actors, this periphery of the capital (Santiago de Chile) was transformed into a pole of urban development. This is analyzed using a mixed approach, from four computer moments (urban project, executors, construction work and inhabiting), and mainly, through the documents of the CORVI fund of the ARNAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"hipo_TESIS_Vlc" is a choreographic exercise that visualises, using the collage technique, the imagined, planned and projected city of Valencia over the last 50 years. This work is part of the research project "Las ciudades y sus tesis. A historiographic and analytical repository of theses on Iberian cities 1970-2020" with a triple objective: to have a standard register of theses focused on urban studies of Iberian cities; to have a disciplinary and historiographic overview of the cities based on the theses produced and to have a comparative vision. The fragmentary vision of "urban scraps" offered by the "hipo_ TESIS_Vlc" panel, then joined and woven together utilising a collage, represents a method of analysis and reflection that offers ideas that could be extrapolated to the urban studies of other cities. The main conclusions of the work focus on affirming that: the city, as a set of theses in recomposition, is a field of research to deepen a renewed vision of urban studies; the theses of cities constitute a record of the key references for the construction of their urban historiography and to recompose their past, often forgotten or invisibilised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents new visual and historiographical contributions regarding the 1570 foundational traza of Mancha Real, conserved at Granada's Royal Chancery Archive as the single surviving graphic document from the new settlement project executed by the Castilian crown in Jaén's Sierra Sur between 1508 and 1539. At its peak, this colonizing process was coordinated by Madrid-based judge Juan de Rivadeneyra between April and August 1539. He worked hand in hand with a commission of notaries, builders, and surveyors who applied urban practices parallel to those developed in Latin America since 1501. They were supported by a still young Juan de Reolid as the official plan tracer of the process. The foundational traza conserved today is a 1570 direct copy of Reolid's work from 1539. Even though this copy does not adequately reproduce either Reolid's calligraphy or his artistic gesture, it does feature the same graphic, cartographic, and notarial criteria applied in other latitudes of the Spanish Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religião e Sociedade is the property of Instituto de Estudos da Religiao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: This research analyzes the circumstances and argumentative apparatus that affected the officials who planned the jungle areas of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru between 1968 and 1978. Methodology: Intellectual history tools are employed to unravel the construction of the Amazon as an object of knowledge among planners. Their interpretative mechanisms are observed in the dispute over the relevance of building urban or agricultural societies in the jungle. Considering their personal trajectories introduces a contextual analysis of the configuration of their argumentative bodies when giving meanings to the rainforest. The Amazonian monitoring and its insertion in the web of knowledge and technologies deployed with the implementation of development plans allow us to point out the most notorious environmental effects after their performance. Originality: Analytically comparing the planning activities in the Amazon brings an innovative description of the circumstances that defined its planners' work. The article shows how it emerged in the context of the "great acceleration," with which Environmental History describes the turning point in which state action gained a momentum of sensitive magnitude in the jungle space. Conclusions: Among the planners of Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, the intention to advance development centers prevailed, fostering industrialized urban societies, while those of Colombia preferred a model that affirmed the modernization of agriculture and cattle ranching. The former sought to industrialize natural resources in the cities to strengthen their countries' political and economic independence; the latter that using hybrid seeds and machinery would allow farmers to increase their productivity and income, with which they hoped to open the national economy to the global market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While segregation and exclusion were central features of colonialism in Africa, the degrees of segregation as well as their specific manifestations – materially and symbolically, visible and concealed – varied. Legal procedures, policies and their implementation differed not only between colonialisms but also between colonial territories under the same rule and sometimes even between districts and urban areas within one and the same colonial state. Segregation was not only rendered visible in the physical divide between European and African urban areas but also in the discriminatory practices and uneven provision, distribution of and access to urban infrastructure. This paper seeks to explore the provision of public transportation infrastructure in Livingstone (Zambia) during the late 1940s and 1950s by discussing the negotiation processes involved in this endeavour and the spatial dynamics and ideologies guiding these negotiations and its discourses. The data used in this contribution rely on archival documents consulted at the National Archives of Zambia in Lusaka in 2017 and 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America is a continent living amidst strong inequalities, and the region’s cities reflect this in a distinct way. In order to analyse and explain urban inequality in the region, this article studies the case of Cartagena de Indias, on the Colombian Caribbean coast, from the points of view of different historical studies about the racial gaze, gentrification, racial capitalism, and the research connecting urban planning and racial segregation, among others. By applying the historical method, the authors delve into institutional primary and secondary sources from the contemporary historiography, which relate urban development to racial issues. The main outcome is a deeper understanding of the urban and racial phenomena in the context of current theories, with some re-weighing of their impacts. Much of the discussion about racial segregation in Latin America has revolved around metropolises and forgotten medium-sized cities. To remedy this, an overview of studies and theories is offered and subsequently applied to a medium-sized city such as Cartagena, with examples from this city’s planning history in conjunction with its social history and tourist development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tarragona's physiognomy was transformed due to the fortifications, the exploitation of the quarries and the bulk earthworks for the urban expansion. Agustín Elcoro Berecíbar introduced the tramway for the transport of large rocks. Amado de Lázaro designed a tramway to speed up the grading works of the Rambla Nova and varied the quarrying of the port. In addition, this analysis highlights the relationship between the quarries and the progress of the port works, as well as the alteration of the urban landscape and the development of domestic architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atrio: Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Atrio. Revista de Historia del Arte - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jangwa Pana is the property of Revista Jangwa Pana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vínculos de Historia is the property of Vinculos de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this work is to study the general characteristics of the so-called pueblos de indios located in the Jauja Valley in the central Peruvian highlands, during the 18th century. We propose that these population units were not homogeneous in nature. Although some of those settlements were rural in essence, others fashioned more urban attributes, and functioned as “de facto villages”, especially those that held the category of “cabecera”. Meanwhile, the confluence of Spaniards and Indians coexisting in the same urban space was more usual than one might suppose and marks a notable characteristic of the region, which would have become into a space of integration by the studied period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of urban studies, research on the history of planned cities has focused mainly on explaining the factors that led to the emergence of those cities; identifying the options underlying their urban design; as well as understanding the way in which the initial stages of their planning subsequently conditioned their social, economic, cultural and political dynamics. Less common, however, are the studies concerned with revealing the main influences and references that underpinned the urban planning options followed by the planners and visionaries of these new cities. This article, favoring a historicist approach based on archival research and literature review, demonstrates how, in the case of Pierre L'Enfant's 1791 Plan for Washington DC, it was deterministically influenced by his biography and the socio-political context in which he lived, but also by other urban planning exercises to whose sketches he had access or whose practical implementation he had the opportunity to know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Histórica (02528894) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen Este trabajo analiza el concepto de Gran Propiedad entendido como expresión de un capital en suelo vinculada al alto consumo de espacio que requieren determinadas actividades. El recorrido emprendido se basa en una doble propuesta. Primero, la tipificación de Gran Propiedad en función de los diferentes capitales en suelo que representan (industrial-propietario de suelo, comercial, financiero y pequeño), cuya yuxtaposición, en un mismo ámbito urbano, revela el proceso de construcción histórico de la ciudad. Segundo, el análisis de los procesos que se suceden en su uso (construcción, abandono y regeneración), entendidos como momentos en los que se han manifestado otras tantas maneras de entender la construcción de la ciudad, todo ello, en paralelo a las transformaciones urbanísticas que se han llevado a cabo por exigencias de renta, es decir, por los beneficios que demandaban las grandes propiedades implicadas. Esta manera de abordar la comprensión de la ciudad, desde su producción-reproducción y como producto social, constituye uno de los logros más destacados del trabajo: la construcción histórica de la ciudad implica, también, su desmantelamiento, abandono y ruina, como otros tantos procesos inmobiliarios que desembocan en su regeneración con el objetivo de fortalecerla como ámbito espacial de clase. Abstract This work addresses the concept of Great Property understood as a piece of land demanded by activities that need to consume a large amount of space and as capital. The research formulated two proposals. The first is the typification of great property according to the different land capitals it represents (industrial-land owner, commercial, financial and small). Their juxtaposition in the same urban area reveals the historical city-making process. The second is the analysis of the processes that occur in the great property’s lifetime (construction, abandonment, and regeneration). Each process is tied to specific ways to conduct the city-making process and the urban transformations carried out on a speculative basis, i.e. on the profits demanded by great properties. This way of approaching the understanding of the city intended as a social product, i.e. from its production-reproduction, constitutes one of the most outstanding achievements of this work. The relevance of the historical city-making implies also its dismantling, abandonment, and ruin understood as real estate processes that lead to a profit-driven regeneration for providing wealth.

Resumen Existe un interés cada vez mayor por conseguir ciudades responsables con el medio ambiente y que dialoguen mejor con la naturaleza. Son muchos los elementos que intervienen en este diálogo: apostar por la sostenibilidad, reformular el paisaje urbano, profundizar en la relación de la ciudad con su entorno circundante o comprender mejor los flujos de energía y materia que en ella tienen lugar. Pero existen varios obstáculos. Al menos a lo largo de los últimos tres siglos, naturaleza y ciudad han sido entendidos en gran medida como opuestos. Es necesario superar la divergencia entre ciudad y naturaleza para poder plantear futuros escenarios urbanos ambientalmente adecuados. Esta investigación analiza históricamente cómo ha ido madurando la división entre ciudad y naturaleza para entender cómo se ha producido esta escisión. El trabajo tiene dos objetivos: 1) rastrear tanto el discurso urbano como el ambiental que a lo largo del siglo XIX y XX fue reforzando la escisión entre ciudad y naturaleza; 2) Identificar en el pasado autores urbanistas (a través de tres actitudes urbanas: paisajística, sostenible y ecológica) que se esforzaron por el encuentro entre ambas realidades. Comprender el pasado urbano y ambiental a través de un mismo discurso permite descubrir los propósitos ambientales que el urbanismo debería perseguir y ayuda a reforzar las estrategias y planteamientos urbanos futuros. Abstract There is a growing interest in ensuring cities that are in better dialogue with nature. In this dialogue, many elements are involved: a commitment to sustainability, a reformulation of the urban landscape, a deeper inderstanding of the relationship between the city and its surrounding environment or a greater comprehension of the fluxes of energy and matter that take place in the city. There are, however, notable barriers. For at least the last three centuries, nature and city have been understood largely as opposites. From an environmental approach, the divergence between city and nature needs to be overcome if suitable urban solutions are to be found in the future. This research analyses, in a historical perspective, how the city-nature división has developed in order to understand how this split has come about. The study has two objectives: 1) to trace both the urban and environmental discourse that throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries reinforced the city-nature rupture; 2) To identify past city planners that strived for the convergence of both realitiesthrough three urban attitudes (landscape, sustainable, and ecological). Understanding the urban and environmental past through a single narrative allows us to explore the environmental goals that urban planning should chase and helps to reinforce future urban strategies and approaches.

John Nash was a landscaper and architect who extended the category of the picturesque to urban planning in the early nineteenth century. Using a historicist approach based on archival research and literature review, this article discusses how this theoretical and aesthetic movement influenced the transformation of London through the creation of Regent's Park, St. James's Park and Regent's Street. Its conclusions point to a disruptive but cohesive intervention in the transformation of London, resulting in a new front of urban expansion to the west. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Dearq is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brocar: Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mouseion (19817207) is the property of Editora Unilasalle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)