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International labour migration is a multidimensional process and primarily a family mechanism intended to reduce vulnerabilities associated with underlying inequalities. However, for immigrants, the break-up of physical contact with family members is an enduring feature of vulnerability in their communication with origins (often in developing countries). On the whole, family relationships are transformed: the absence of physical contact is traded-off with remittances sent home to family members. Remittances create potential for resilience by increasing human development of children, while reducing extreme poverty at the local level. Remittance flows are also an important source of foreign exchange for countries of origin. However, labour markets' polarization, backlash, and economic downturns at destinations (often in developed countries), and governments' moral hazard, currency revaluation, and production inertia at origins recreate vulnerabilities and disrupt the potential build-up of resilience. In fact, the re-creation of vulnerabilities largely outweighs the generation of resilience threads. The paper develops a typology that highlights the dynamic interaction between vulnerabilities and resilience, revealing the multiple aspects of people and remittances flows, the potential for mainstreaming migration policies into economic development, and the scale of the policy task to reduce vulnerabilities associated to international labour migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of whiteness is seductive; it strikes a chord and resonates, highlighting what was long ignored in the history of immigrants in America. However, in reading the literature, one cannot help but be troubled by the reduction of a plethora of relations to a singular binary, as important as that binary may be. This paper examines the experience of Polonia (the Polish Diaspora) in America, drawing on broad historical evidence as well as a particular ritual of identification (the Pulaski Day Parade in Philadelphia), in order to highlight the follies of reducing the immigrant experience to one of 'becoming white.' This paper challenges three major assumptions in whiteness studies: the particular relationship between ethnicity and race found therein; the assumptions regarding the assimilation of immigrant groups; and the centrality of the white/black binary in processes of identification. Ultimately, the argument presented here posits that to maintain whiteness as an analytically useful concept, it needs to be placed within the complex multitude of relations in which it occurs in the actual experiences of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Migration & Integration is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the significant increase of African-born immigrants in the United States of America, the education system does not recognize their presence and does little to facilitate their integration through the implementation of necessary curricular adjustments. The purpose of this article is to call on multicultural education advocates to endorse the argument for the distinctness of Africanborn immigrants as a complex cultural group with unique vulnerabilities requiring sensitivity. Organizationally, the paper develops four key points: the current demographic representation of the African population; the absence of African voices in multicultural education scholarship; the salience of multicultural education advocacy in recognizing the essence of African cultures in the western world; and the minimal coverage of African topics in the U.S. curriculum. Two sets of recommendations, curricular and culture-oriented, conclude the argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the fit of the intersectionality framework for understanding transnational lives. The data for this paper is drawn from my research on South Asian migrants to America and their children, the 1.5 and 2nd generation. I focus on these highly educated migrants and their children and their efforts to maintain meaningful family ties and live religions in a context that spans the USA and selected South Asian countries. I use this data to assess whether the intersectionality approach is able to explain lives that span 'real' and 'virtual' social worlds. I show that the intersectionality approach needs to be deepened to capture simultaneous experiences of privilege and marginalisation across national and transnational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian immigration to the United States is a relatively recent phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1980s in unprecedented numbers. Today an estimated 1.2 million Brazilians live in the United States. Brazilians (re)create transnational places and spaces through social, cultural, and economic practices, within the immigrant receiving communities of Marietta, Georgia, and Framingham, Massachusetts, in the United States. They also incorporate and add new elements to their livelihoods in the respective sending communities of Piracanjuba, in the state of Goias, and Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. How are these Portuguese-speaking Brazilian immigrants shaping and (re)creating new places and spaces? In what ways and spheres do transnational exchanges affect two places of destination in the United States and two places of origin in Brazil after migration occurs? Using multiple methods, which include in-depth interviews and participant observation, this paper addresses these questions by evaluating the changes incurred by migration. I use a framework perspective that is largely from outside the Latino/Hispanic context. Migration processes are just as much about those who leave Brazil for the United States as it is about those who return to Brazil (i.e. returnees) and what happens to those respective receiving and sending communities in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1917, the German-American scientist Jacques Loeb (1859-1924) published a short essay, entitled 'Biology and War', that summarized his disagreement with World War I. He was deeply saddened by the break-up of the international scientific community as a consequence of the actions of bellicose politicians. These actions were in direct opposition to his efforts to promote social reform, mechanistic biology and scientific internationalism. The aim of this paper is to examine Loeb's activities aimed at these efforts before, during and after the war. It attempts to explain how Loeb's scientific work was formed, what was special about it and why it was both successful and attacked. Particular emphasis is placed on how Loeb reacted to the War and the subsequent forced disintegration of his international scientific network. Loeb's attempts to integrate his interpretation of biology into post-war Europe's approach to the life sciences is analysed in connection with his social commitment. It is argued that his emigration to the USA, the circumstances of World War I, the reaction of his German colleagues to it and the demolition of the international scientific community changed: (1) Loeb's feelings towards his old home; (2) the direction of his scientific endeavours; and (3) his engagement in science politics. His correspondence with eminent scientists from all over the world serves as a key to Loeb's efforts in the context of the social elements of scientific networks and perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine the ways in which young Yemeni and Iraqi immigrant and refugee women and men strive to become literate as they negotiate transnational spaces. I investigate the social and literate connections they forge as they search for the appropriate spouses. Transnationalism, the phenomenon of living locally with global connections, demonstrates both the local and global tensions of refugees and immigrants as they interact in shared cultural sites. Moreover, transnational literacy, as described in this paper, is evoked as a means to sort through particular literacy practices that simultaneously foster status and knowledge and explain the youths' negotiation of home and school lives. Two cases are presented to illustrate how literacy implicates a set of social practices that are conflictual in their transnational locality and in their glocality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores an unlikely incident in order to probe how Atlantic culture, commerce, and colonization influenced French revolutionary politics. In 1789-90, American and British agents in France promoted sales of land in Scioto, Ohio. Land shares sold like hotcakes: the outbreak of revolution spurred early emigration. The buyers included leading aristocrats and right-wing monarchists. Given America's status as space of colonization and political invention, Scioto speedily became a hot topic of political debate and satire in French revolutionary press and pamphlets. This paper examines the multiple meanings of America by asking how agents sold l'Amérique, how the aristocrats planned a paternalist utopia in Ohio, and how French revolutionary patriots used satire, travelogues, and political persuasion to debate emigration, colonization, nature vs. civilization, and American vs. French liberty. This analysis of Sciotomanie rethinks the "Atlantic Revolutions" model: it illustrates how remnant French interest in colonizing North Atlantic lands interacted with the exchange of revolutionary culture. Second, it shows how the revolutionary circulation of ideas and commerce not only produced creative politics but also fomented a lasting national rivalry between France and the U.S. over the moral leadership of modern politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great deal of research has focused on factors that may contribute to the Hispanic mortality paradox in the United States. In this paper, we examine the role of the salmon bias hypothesis—the selective return of less-healthy Hispanics to their country of birth—on mortality at ages 65 and above. These analyses are based on data drawn from the Master Beneficiary Record and NUMIDENT data files of the Social Security Administration. These data provide the first direct evidence regarding the effect of salmon bias on the Hispanic mortality advantage. Although we confirm the existence of salmon bias, it is of too small a magnitude to be a primary explanation for the lower mortality of Hispanic than non-hispanic (NH)-White primary social security beneficiaries. Longitudinal surveys that follow individuals in and out of the United States are needed to further explore the role of migration in the health and mortality of foreign-born US residents and factors that contribute to the Hispanic mortality paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Migration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper fills an informational gap for multidisciplinary providers of services to the former Soviet Union (FSU) immigrants in the United States, highlighting the long-term medical and mental health consequences of this group's pre-migration exposure to the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The international literature is selectively-presented together with recent findings of Chernobyl mental health sequelae in a cohort residing in the United States. Guidelines for service providers, as well as Russian language health service resources in US cities populated by significant FSU communities, are also furnished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of March 2003, the immigrant population in the United States (US) has reached 33.5 million individuals. Finding a way out of poverty is very difficult for many immigrants due to both individual and institutional barriers to savings and asset accumulation. Given that the primary sources of wealth among native-born households is through homeownership, it is only fitting that foreign-born households would also wish to achieve the “American Dream.” This paper outlines significant supports and barriers to savings and, more importantly, homeownership among US immigrants. Several suggestions for asset-based policy development for immigrants are also included in the discussion. By examing these concepts, policy practitioners can learn how to improve economic well-being for current immigrants and future generations of Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With international immigration on the rise, the United States is becoming increasingly diverse as it admits more immigrants every year. However, in contrast to past inflows of immigrants to the U.S., many now entering the U.S. come from non-European nations, whose cultural values may significantly differ with U.S. mainstream cultural values. As a result, some immigrant cultural values are clashing with U.S. mainstream cultural values as found in U.S. social institutions. Thus religious professions and congregations who attempt to help immigrants adjust to U.S. society may need to address and cope with the dilemma that results when cultures clash. With this in mind, one important question can be raised: Is there a limit to the toleration of immigrant cultural practices? In the context of this question and after examining the problem of immigrant culture clash adjustment situations, this paper reviews and evaluates the arguments in the literature associated with two possible approaches that may begin to help guide or address culture clashes: cultural relativism or cultural universalism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper I investigate the impact of recent immigration on males' earnings distributions in the major regions of the United States. I use six counterfactual scenarios to describe alternative regional skill distributions and wage structures for the population of natives and long-term immigrants in the absence of recent immigration. I find that immigration over the last three decades can account for a substantial portion of the variation in inequality across the regions. Recent immigration has contributed moderately to national growth in males' earnings inequality, primarily by changing the composition of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship ceremonies have been practiced for at least a century in the United States. This article explores what citizenship ceremonies - the rituals created to 'make' new citizens - can tell us about understandings of citizenship and the nation. Focusing on the case of the US, the paper asks who is being held up as the welcomed citizen and who is excluded in these public events. What does it mean to 'welcome' a new citizen and how are migration and national history imagined in these events? These questions become increasingly urgent in the context of securitization and given current debates about the withdrawal of citizenship from suspected 'extremists'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has declared multiculturalism to be in retreat, yet multiculturalist discourses and practices remain salient in many realms of social reproduction. This paper explores multiculturalism in predominantly white churches in the U.S. South, a region that has seen significant demographic transformations due to immigration. Church outreach to immigrants draws on theologies that reject racial prejudice and that call for the accommodation and celebration of cultural differences. Drawing on qualitative research with pastors and congregants, this article explores how multiculturalist practice is both re-working and reinforcing existing social relationships in Christian faith communities. Multiculturalist practices, we show, disrupt racialized hierarchies long embedded in white churches. But they simultaneously leave racialized distinctions and inequalities intact, in part by maintaining separation between immigrants and non-immigrants. This case illustrates the everyday politics of multiculturalism and the ways in which the boundaries of social membership take shape in ordinary, seemingly non-political spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US and India have strengthened their borders against illegal immigration. However, the two states have striking differences with respect to their border control methods. The US strengthened its Mexican border through fences and militarization. In sharp contrast, even though India fenced some parts of its border, it has relied on shooting practices which have resulted in the deaths of thousands of Bangladeshi immigrants. Drawing upon Narrative Policy Analysis (NPA), this paper identifies patterns in justification strategies regarding border control against illegal immigration in the US and in India. The findings indicate that in the US, border control was justified by the restoration of law at the border. To the contrary, in India, border control was associated with arbitrariness. The majority of Indian policymakers encourage arbitrary border practices by adopting the view that ‘any method’ is legitimate to curb illegal immigration from Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The systemic approach to deliberative democracy is an empirically underexplored topic. Since 'classic' micro indicators for deliberation are at loggerheads with the idea of distributed deliberation, appropriate assessment techniques for large-scale public deliberation are few and far between. This paper aims at exploring a novel pathway into the empirical translations of the deliberative systems approach, using discourse content and the representation of policy frames in the legislature. I argue that legislative frame representation (LFR) is a crucial indicator for the level of sub-systemic deliberative uptake and policy responsiveness. Next to the necessary theoretical and methodological work, the results of an explorative case study for the immigration discourse in the US and Canada are presented. The results indicate that there are considerable differences in the systems' capacities to take up discourses from civil society and that LFR can be an important tool to explore deliberative systems empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One outcome of immigrant adjustment is the development of a sense of community among immigrants with similarities in such nominal areas as race or region or subregion of origin. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the study of communication and this sense of community: the sense of community is engendered as the immigrants develop connections to each other; they develop these connections under the influence of contextual conditions; communication may correlate with the sense of community or connections or contextual conditions, may mediate the ability of the connections to influence the sense of community or the ability of the contextual conditions to influence the connections, or may directly influence the sense of community or the connections or the contextual conditions; this communication could be analyzed on the basis of its cultural orientation, the arena in which it takes place, the exposure of the immigrants to it and its content. The paper applies the theoretical framework to Caribbean immigrants to the United States and presents research issues and questions developed from the theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on materials related to labor migration acquired by the Immigration History Research Center (IHRC) at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The IHRC is approaching its 26th year of work in the acquisition, preservation, and provision of archival and library resources on the experiences of some 24 European and Near Eastern ethno-linguistic groups in the U.S. The Center also serves as an active agent in stimulating research and activity in immigration and ethnic studies. The 1986 Center-sponsored symposium, "A Century of European Migrations, 1830-1930: Comparative Perspectives," emerged as a milepost for research on migration history, drawing together leading scholars from 10 countries whose work sounded a number of themes, including labor issues. The Center's holdings document those immigrant groups most commonly associated with the great trans-Atlantic migration to the U.S. from roughly the 1880s to the 1920s. IHRC holds over 45,000 monographs and bound periodicals, nearly 900 newspaper files and 3000 serial titles, and over 800 manuscript collections amounting to some 4000 linear feet.

This paper addresses the effects of work and welfare benefits upon the state-to-state migration of poor in the United states. Evidence is not found to support the welfare-magnet hypothesis. Poor people are not moving to states with higher welfare benefits. AFDC benefits are found to have a negative effect on migration at the origin. Wages and unemployment rates have a negative as the destination. Migration is towards areas where the wages and unemployment rates are lower. Poor people, when they can move, follow the jobs, even though these jobs are low paying. Female-headed households and households with more children are also found to be less likely to migrate. Households with the fewest recourses are those least likely to move. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two outstanding studies of historical trends of internal migration in the United States were both made some years ago. C.J. Galpin and T.B. Manny made their study in 1934 and C.W. Thornthwaite's study was also made in that year. Both of these studies used state-of-birth data from the Census. The present study, for which this paper is merely a progress report, is using the survival method for estimating net migration. In this method survival rates are computed for each age-sex-color-nativity group for each decade. These survival rates are applied to the number present at the beginning of a decade, in order to get an expected number present at the end of the decade. This expected number is compared with the observed number present at the end of the decade and the difference is considered to be due to net migration. Obviously the accuracy of this method is determined by both the accuracy of enumeration of the population and the accuracy of the survival rates. Since enumeration is generally fairly accurate and since there is little one can do about errors here, efforts are turned to the computation of survival rates.

The article presents comments of the authors on the review of their article by Professor C. Horack Hamilton. The paper was based on the analysis of net migration rates in the U.S. in 1950-60 by using multiple regression model. Authors of the article suggest that the usage of terms "variables" and "covariable" to identify the independent variables are common and accepted. It is made clear that the mathematical model, employed in the paper, did not include an independent variable to reflect natural increase as it is suggested by Hamilton. And the two educational variables used in the analysis, median years of schooling by persons 25 years of age and over, the percentage of the population 25 years of age and over completing 4 or more years of high school, are closely related. The computation of the overlapping and net effects of each independent covariate helps in determining the highly correlated variables and eliminating those variables from the model, but the overlapping effects provide no information regarding the nature of interactions which may exist and don't show the response surface of interacting variables.

The main objectives of our paper are to examine economic, political, social, demographic, and professional factors in the United States and Taiwan which may account for Chinese scholars' decisions to stay in the United States or their reluctance to return to Taiwan. Our paper is divided into five sections. Sections I and II provide background and definition of terms used in the paper. Sections III and IV present data and statistical analysis. The final section summarizes the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have addressed the economic, gendered, and emotional dimensions of migration, especially as migrants move from origin to destination. However, scholarship on return migration and the subjective experiences of reintegrating to origin communities is poorly understood. In this paper, we examine the return migration of formerly unauthorized migrants who labored as roofers in the United States. We argue that the migration process redefines men's masculinity as they attempt to balance family life in Mexico and their occupational lives in the U.S., all of which are essential for their identity but remain separated by an international border. We draw on 40 in-depth interviews with return migrant men in a small city in Guanajuato, Mexico to examine the emotional tensions men experience regarding the decision to remain in close proximity to family in Mexico and a desire to return again to their economically and emotionally fulfilling occupations in the U.S. We find that migrants' nostalgia for prior U.S. labor market experience, in juxtaposition to reentry into the Mexican labor market, competes with current feelings of happiness and contentment obtained through family reintegration. These competing feelings, together with economic need, help explain the complex meaning of migration for return migrant men. We conclude by suggesting that once men have been exposed to U.S. life, the occupational identity becomes a 'pull' that encourages future migration trips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the United States and Canada are neighboring North American countries with fairly similar liberal democratic political cultures, their immigration policies are noticeably different. While US policies prioritize family reunification, Canadian policies favor labor demands and employability. This difference reflects the varying degrees to which the public influences their respective immigration policies. Examining contemporary immigration policies of the United States and Canada, this paper compares the role of public opinion in each, and argues that public opinion plays a more prominent role in immigration policies in the United States than it does in Canada. This observation is due in part to the partisan nature of the US political structure and to the cohesiveness among immigrants, particularly Latinos. Canada, in contrast, favors a policy of multiculturalism that empowers immigrant groups and limits individual groups' capacity and inclination to dominate policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographers have forecasted that the U.S. is rapidly moving closer to becoming a majority-minority country, this fact and the politically divisive nature of recent debates and attempts at immigration reform have fostered increased conversations about citizenship, diversity, assimilation/s, and other im/ migration discourses. Often these dialogues surround boarder-crossings and the political, economic, and social implications of im/migration. One unfortunate outcome is frequently the perpetuation of stereotypes and the "othering" of many migrant groups to which this research offers a counter narrative. This counter narrative is built on the lived citizenship of a small group of Filipino im/migrants in the U.S. The paper demonstrates that--contextually--working abroad is common practice in the Philippines; this phenomenon is woven into the political, social, and economic jurisdictions of the country. This research fills one gap in im/migration studies as it chronicles the stories of these Filipino im/ migrants while examining their perceptions about their identity, sense of belonging, right to place, and the legitimacy of their citizenship socio-culturally. The paper places these and other narratives from this group of im/migrants within the theoretical framework of Critical Theory, hence offering a voice to a group of individuals not frequently heard in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the role of outmigration in determining public higher education funding from the 1993-1994 to the 2011-2012 academic years. The results of a fixed-effects estimation show that outmigration has a statistically significant and negative effect on the level of state funding when controlling for various state indicators, but the impact varies across state recessions and expansions. Findings on the role of state business cycles provide updated estimates of the relationship between migration and education funding but are generally in line with previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latino immigrants are subject to circulating discourses that produce processes of inclusion and exclusion, and inform expectations of future encounters with local native populations. However, they rarely have an opportunity to answer back. This paper draws on two projects in which immigrants were invited to use photography and writing to document the messages they would like to send to native-born Mississippians to examine how they mobilize discourses of inclusion and exclusion as they deal with 'stranger fetishism' (Ahmed 2000), the notion that immigrants are recognized, but are cast as individuals who do not belong. Immigrant messages show that they at once contest and draw on hegemonic discourses of race and US national identity in their efforts to lay claim to legitimate spaces of belonging. [immigration, discourse, stranger fetishism, representation, Mississippi] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and compares the behaviors of the Lithuanian political refugees who came to the United States after World War II with the economic immigrants who arrived after 1990. The comparison suggests that the agents, even when they experience negative influences from their environment, retain their original state of political refugee or economic immigrant. The paper discusses the immigrants' relationship to the U.S. government, to American society and their work environment, to their relatives in Lithuania, to their immigrant cohorts, and to the previous generation of Lithuanian immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that poor households' entitlement to an exogenous, temporary, but guaranteed income stream increases Mexican migration to the United States, although this income is mainly consumed. Some households use the entitlement to this income stream as collateral to finance the migration. The new migrations come from previously constrained individuals and households and worsen migrant skills. In sum, financial constraints to international migration are binding for poor Mexicans, some of whom would like to migrate but cannot afford to. As growth and antipoverty and microfinance programs relax financial constraints for the poor, low-skilled Mexican migration to the United States will likely increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I address the most influential classic assimilation theory and its alternative perspectives. With regard to this issue, this paper addresses the questions "What is assimilation and if assimilation process successful in the Unites States how come characteristics of immigrant groups carry on through the second generation and beyond?" Meanwhile, differences among these theories are going to be explained. Drawing on theories of immigration, this paper attempts to understand the questions of "what is in common among these theories or what has changed?" In addition, this paper demonstrates how important these prevailing theories are in understanding the ongoing assimilation process of second generation immigrants in the United States. Finally, the strength, limitations and weaknesses of these aforementioned theories are explained in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the EB-5 immigration visa, created by the United States through the Immigration Act of 1990. The Immigration Investor Programm allows immigrants to earn their Green Card / American Citizenship by investing in American businesses. Investments range from commercial real estate to solar energy plants and could only be received by an economic unit defined as a Regional Center. The paper is focusing on legal aspects of the regional centers, which are started by local U.S businessmen, sometimes in alliance with local government agencies, in order to attract investment capital for current or planned business ventures. Regional centers are involved with the promotion of economic growth, job creation and increased domestic capital investments. The paper also reviews certain financial qualifications that EB-5 investors who choose to invest through a regional center with the EB-5 programm must meet. Basically, the U.S Government looks for sophisticated immigrants who qualify as "accredited investors" in order to maximize their business success. State and federal securities laws require this approach in order to protect the investment. Ultimately, the paper offers a presentation of a major project "SkyRise Miami", that will create approximately 17.000 jobs, with a total economic impact during its development stage that exceeds $800 million. It will be the tallest building in Florida, considered to become "Miami's Eiffel Tower", that will change the landscape of Miami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the experiences of Latino adults in South Phoenix, Arizona, during a time of changing immigration policy, through the theoretical lenses of structural vulnerability and macro- and microaggression. The analyses describe how U.S.- and foreign-born Latinos experience the effects of local immigration laws and anti-immigrant sentiment. The results suggest that while there are differences between the U.S.-born and foreign-born in perceived impacts of immigration enforcement, there are few differences in perceptions of vulnerability and no evidence of lesser psychological distress among those who are not the direct targets of immigration enforcement activities. Even if they do not feel directly at risk, most respondents express concerns for family members and others in their social networks as a result of increased attention to immigration enforcement or anti-immigrant sentiment. These shared impacts may have long-term implications for Latino communities in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes factors affecting the landscape of immigration in the U.S. including internal enforcement, employment, and incidence of crime based on data from the Survey of Migration to the Northern Border between 2002 to 2014. Topics discussed include impact of immigration enforcement on the rate and composition of Mexican migration, importance of work experience in the immigrant selection process, and the impact of employment on the incidence of crime.

The article discusses the concept of rationing as a determinant of immigrant composition and outcomes based on the U.S. immigration system. Topics discussed include the impact of immigration patterns and policy on immigrant composition, the slot allocation system for rationing under the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, and the role of immigration policy and rationing as determinants of flows and outcomes.

The article examines the differences regarding the perception of reality in areas including social mobility, inequality, immigration and public policies across the political spectrum in the U.S. Topics discussed include conceptualization of the polarization of reality, differences in perceptions among Republicans and Democrats, and the conflict between reality and political orientation.