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The article reports that due to the scarcity of medical resources in China, very often patients with diabetes do not get enough diabetes education from the clinic, while those in rural areas or ethnic minority groups have less access to education and support. Topics include examines results of previous studies have indicated that mobile health applications are feasible tools for improving self management of diabetes.

Irisin is a novel hormone secreted by skeletal muscle after exercise, which may ameliorate insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between circulating irisin levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as related metabolic traits in a Chinese population. A total of 203 subjects were recruited. Of these, 68 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 63 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 72 subjects with new-onset T2DM. Circulating irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Detailed clinical investigations and biochemistry measurements were carried out in all of the subjects. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between irisin levels and related metabolic characteristics. All subjects were classified into normal weight and overweight/obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI). No significant differences in circulating irisin levels were identified among the three groups ( P = 0.9741). After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum irisin level was independently and significantly associated with total cholesterol ( P = 0.0005), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.0014), fasting fatty acids ( P = 0.0402) and uric acid ( P = 0.0062). By dividing the serum irisin levels into three tertile groups, the values of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting fatty acids and uric acid were all increased significantly with the increase of irisin ( P < 0.05). Moreover, serum irisin levels remain closely related to total cholesterol in both normal weight and overweight/obese subgroups. Our study suggests that circulating irisin concentrations are significantly associated with lipid and uric acid metabolism in a Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) plays an important role in innate immunity. Activation of innate immune response and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of TLR4 variants with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population. Methods Seven tag single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) of TLR4 based on HapMap Chinese data were genotyped in the Shanghai Chinese, including 3404 type 2 diabetes patients and 3401 controls. The controls were extensively phenotyped for the traits related to glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Results In total participants, we identified that rs10759932 and rs1927911 were associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.106, P = 0.009 for rs10759532, odds ratio 1.092, P = 0.013 for rs1927911). rs11536889 showed a trend association with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.957, P = 0.057). This SNP was also associated with 2-h plasma glucose ( P = 0.033) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( P = 0.031). In female participants, rs10759932, rs1927911 and rs11536889 were associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.176, P = 0.002 for rs10759932, odds ratio 1.136, P = 0.009 for rs1927911, odds ratio 0.882, P = 0.024 for rs11536889). Besides, rs11536889 was significantly associated with 2-h plasma glucose ( P = 0.050) and HOMA- B ( P = 0.046) with adjusting for age and body mass index in female normal subjects. Conclusions We conclude that genetic variants of TLR4 are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population, especially in female subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the real-world incidence of hypoglycemic events among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1DM or T2DM) receiving insulin in routine clinical practice in China. In this observational study, data were collected electronically via the Lilly Connected Care Program (LCCP) electronic system from adults with T1DM or T2DM who had registered on LCCP between 1 February 2019 and 31 January 2022, had used insulin for a full 12-week period following registration. The following outcomes were assessed during the 12 weeks following registration: incidence of level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia. In total, 22,752 patients were enrolled. Among patients with monitoring data, over the 12-week study period, level 1 and 2 hypoglycemia were experienced by 48.8% and 25.9% of patients with T1DM and 26.5% and 13.9% of patients with T2DM. The proportion of patients treated with oral anti-diabetes drugs (OADs) capable of producing hypoglycemia (sulfonylurea or glinide) was 1.3% in T1DM and 1.6% in T2DM, respectively. Questionnaire data revealed that up to 92.5% of hypoglycemic events occurred outside of hospital and 18.6% were serious. These real-world data collected from Chinese patients with diabetes receiving insulin treatment reveal a relatively high percentage of patients experiencing hypoglycemia, with around one quarter of these events classified as severe and as many as 92.5% occurring outside of a hospital or clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the genetic effects of SLC30A8, IAPP, PCSK1, PCSK2, CPE, PAM and IDE, key genes involved in IAPP processing and degradation pathway on T2DM risk and metabolic traits in Chinese population.Methods: Common variants were genotyped in 10936 Chinese subjects by Asian Screening Array and Multi-Ethnic Global Array. Associations of SNPs with occurrences of T2DM and related traits were evaluated through logistic and multiple linear regression. Genetic risk score (GRS) model was constructed based on 6 T2DM-variants, and its relationship with T2DM and related traits was assessed.Results: SLC30A8-rs13266634, PCSK1-rs155980, PCSK2-rs6136035, CPE-rs532192464, PAM-rs7716941, and IDE-rs117929184 were the top SNPs significantly associated with T2DM after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, associated with blood glucose level, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity (all FDR p < 0.05). GRS calculated based on the above SNPs was remarkably correlated with T2DM, blood glucose, and insulin secretion. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between SLC30A8 and IAPP in patients with T2DM (P = 0.0083).Conclusion: Our study showed that common variants in genes involved in IAPP processing and the degradation pathway were associated with T2DM in Chinese population. Subjects with high GRS exhibited poorer glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]