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Recent studies have reported conflicting associations of fried-food consumption and risk of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, and a meta-analysis is not available. We aimed to explore the association between fried-food consumption and risk of overweight/obesity, T2DM and hypertension in adults through a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies published up to 17 June 2020. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects models. In comparing the highest to lowest fried-food intake, the pooled RRs (95% CIs) were 1.16 (1.07-1.25; I2 = 71.0%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001) for overweight/obesity (cohort: 1.19 [0.97-1.47], n = 2; cross-sectional: 1.14 [1.03-1.27], n = 9), 1.07 (0.90-1.27; 84.7%) for T2DM (cohort: 1.01 [0.89-1.15], n = 9; case-control: 2.33 [1.80-3.01], n = 1), and 1.20 (1.05-1.38; I2=91.8%) for hypertension (cohort: 1.06 [0.98-1.15], n = 8; cross-sectional: 2.16 [0.59-7.87], n = 3). Our meta-analysis indicates fried-food consumption is associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity and hypertension but not T2DM in adults, but the findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity and unstable subgroup analyses of this meta-analysis. More studies are warranted to investigate the total fried-food consumption and these health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The evidence of the association between Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. We explored the association of CVAI with T2DM and directly compared with the predictive power of CVAI with other visceral obesity indices (visceral adiposity index, waist to height ratio, waist circumference and body mass index) based on a large prospective study.Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 12 237 Chinese participants. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CVAI and T2DM.Results: During follow-up (median: 6.01 years), the incidence of T2DM was 3.29, 7.34, 12.37 and 23.72 per 1000 person-years for quartiles 1, 2, 3 and 4 of CVAI, respectively. The risk of T2DM was increased with quartiles 2, 3 and 4 vs quartile 1 of CVAI (HR 2.12 [95% CI 1.50-3.00], 2.94 [2.10-4.13] and 5.01 [3.57-7.04], Ptrend  < 0.001). Per-SD increase in CVAI was associated with a 72% increased risk of T2DM (HR 1.72 [95% CI 1.56-1.88]). Sensitivity analyses did not alter the association. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was significantly higher for CVAI than other visceral obesity indices (all P <.001). Similar results were observed in stratified analyses by sex.Conclusions: Our findings show a positive association between CVAI and risk of T2DM. CVAI has the best performance in predicting incident T2DM, so the index might be a reliable and applicable indicator identifying people at high risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Diabetes is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) has increasingly been linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality, evidence remains conflicted and dose–response meta-analyses of the associations are lacking. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to synthesize the knowledge about their associations and to explore their dose–response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Open Grey up to September 2019 for prospective cohort studies investigating the associations in adults. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the dose–response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear/non-linear relations. We included 39 articles in the meta-analysis. For each 250-mL/d increase in SSB and ASB intake, the risk increased by 12% (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19, I2 = 67.7%) and 21% (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.35, I2 = 47.2%) for obesity, 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13–1.25, I2 = 82.4%) and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26, I2 = 92.6%) for T2DM, 10% (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14, I2 = 58.4%) and 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.10, I2 = 24.3%) for hypertension, and 4% (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07, I2 = 58.0%) and 6% (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10, I2 = 80.8%) for all-cause mortality. For SSBs, restricted cubic splines showed linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.359), T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.706), hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.510) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.259). For ASBs, we found linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.299) and T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.847) and non-linear associations with hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.019) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.048). Increased consumption of SSBs and ASBs is associated with risk of obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and all-cause mortality. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the present analyses were based on only cohort but not intervention studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Early age at menopause has been associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the quantitative association between age at menopause and T2DM was unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the dose-response association between age at menopause and T2DM.Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to January 5, 2019 for cohort studies that evaluated the association of age at menopause and risk of T2DM. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled by using the random-effects models. Restricted cubic spline model was used to evaluate the liner or nonlinear relation.Results: We identified 6 studies for the meta-analysis (267,284 women and 19,654 cases of T2DM). The pooled RR was 0.64 (95% CI 0.44-0.94) comparing the latest with the earliest category of age at menopause. The risk of T2DM was reduced by 10% (RR=0.90, 95% CI, 0.84-0.98) with each 5-year increment in age at menopause. We found an inverse linear association between age at menopause and T2DM.Conclusions: Our results suggest that later age at menopause was associated with lower risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been debated for several decades. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively clarify the association between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for cohort study articles on the association between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus published up to 1 March 2018. Random effects of generalized least square regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR). Restricted cubic splines were conducted to model the dose-response relationship. We included 21 studies (19 articles) involving 1 041 879 individuals and 35 699 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with follow-up ranged from 6 to 47 years. We identified significant decreasing trend for the highest versus lowest category of birth weight for the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: The risk was reduced by 35% (RR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.81) and by 12% (RR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91) per 500-g increment in birth weight. Our results showed a dose-response relationship between birth weight and diabetes risk, which was nonlinear (Pnonlinearity  < 0.001) and L-shaped. With increasing birth weight (<5000 g), the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased substantially. The association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus was curvilinear and L-shaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The association between sleep duration and general and abdominal obesity in adults, especially in the rural Chinese population, remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the association between sleep duration and general and abdominal obesity in rural Chinese adults.Methods: We included 12,446 adults aged 18-75 years old who completed a baseline examination during 2007-2008 and follow-up during 2013-2014. We prospectively investigated the sleep-obesity association over an average of six-year follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the probability of new-onset general and abdominal obesity, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: As compared with sleep duration 6.5-7.5 h, short sleep duration (<6.5 h) was significantly associated with increased probability of abdominal obesity in men (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.05-2.45) after controlling for multiple covariates. A similar association was found in men aged >60 years but not in women or in men ≤60 years. We found no significant association between sleep duration and general obesity. The results were consistent when restricting the analysis to participants without cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus or cancer at baseline.Conclusions: Short sleep duration was significantly associated with abdominal obesity in rural Chinese adults, and the association varied by sex and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Evidences show that cluster determinant 36 (CD36) protein plays a role in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and the expression of CD36 is inducible in obesity. The present study evaluated the association of CD36 variants and the interaction with obesity on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Methods We performed a case-control study nested in the Rural Chinese Cohort Study. We included 546 incident T2DM cases matched with non-T2DM controls in a 1:1 ratio by sex, age (within 2 years), marital status, and residence village. Four loci in CD36 (rs1194197, rs2151916, rs3211956, and rs7755) were genotyped by SNPscan TM Genotyping system. Results After adjusting for potential confounding, we observed no statistically significant association between the CD36 polymorphisms and T2DM risk. Compared to wild-type homozygous carriers with normal weight, overweight/obesity participants carrying the mutational allele rs7755 showed increased risk of T2DM, by 114% (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.33–3.46; P interaction  = 0.007); abdominal obesity participants carrying the mutational allele rs7755 showed increased risk of T2DM, by 133% (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.48–3.66; P interaction  = 0.002). Furthermore, rs2151916 polymorphism was associated with triglycerides level ( P  = 0.019), and the rs1194197 variant was related to systolic blood pressure ( P  = 0.023) within the group of controls. Conclusions CD36 genotypes were not associated with the progression to T2DM independently. However, our results suggested a positive interaction between the CD36 variants and obesity on T2DM susceptibility, which might be through a cardiometabolic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a prospective study with hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio (HWHtR) and its dynamic status.Methods: We collected data for 12,248 participants ≥18 years in this study. Cox's proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM risk by baseline HWHtR. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for T2DM risk by transformation in HWHtR.Results: We identified 839 T2DM cases during a median follow-up of 5.92 years. Compared with normal TG level and normal WHtR, T2DM risk was increased with high TG level and high WHtR (aHR 2.04, 95% CI 1.49-2.79). Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses by sex and age. During follow-up, T2DM risk was increased with stable high TG level and high WHtR (aOR 4.45, 95% CI 2.76-7.17) compared with stable normal TG level and normal WHtR. The results above were robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: HWHtR phenotype and its dynamic status were associated with risk of T2DM. Our study suggests that primary prevention and avoiding the appearance of the HWHtR phenotype in the rural Chinese population may reduce the T2DM risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]