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Introduction. The composition of gut microbiota can be affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS), its improvement is frequently ignored in metabolic disorders. The objective of the study was a comparative evaluation of the faecal microbiota of healthy controls and of T2DM and MS patients (n = 150). Materials and methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, between July 2019-December 2020 in the Bio-standard laboratory Oradea, Romania. A group of 75 patients with non-insulin dependent T2DM and MS (study group = SG) and 75 healthy subjects (control group = CG) has been included in the study. The composition of the microbiome and the influence of oral antidiabetic treatment on the microbiome in SG patients were compared. Results. 8 out of 19 species of the analysed bacteria had a different relative abundance in the SG, compared to CG; Enterococcus spp. were significantly higher (3.18×106 vs 1.94×106, p=0.004), while Akkermansia muciniphila (2.55×109 vs. 4.66×109, p

Introduction. Probiotics are well-known adjuvants, used as complementary therapeutic agents in health (e.g. metabolic or gastrointestinal) disorders, considering their beneficial role on gut microbiota, and their support in immunity. The objective of the study. This research followed the impact of probiotic supplementation on some clinical parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (weight status, body mass index, carbohydrate/ lipid profiles). Materials and methods. The comparative monitoring of the parameters was conducted over a 3- month period, on 41 subjects diagnosed with both MS and T2DM, who were separated into two groups, as follows: the study group (probiotics associated with allopathic treatment) and the control group (without probiotics). Results. Administration of dietary probiotics had a major impact on body weight, weight loss being significantly enhanced in the probiotic group than in the diet-only group (p=0.01). The effect of dietary probiotic administration on glucidic and lipidic profile was small (effect size (ES) 0.26 and 0.33, respectively), but better than in the control group, in whom the evolution was insignificant (ES 0.10 and 0.10, respectively). From a statistical point of view, the differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions. In the metabolic profile management of patients suffering from both MS and T2DM, probiotics administration had beneficial results, as highlighted by the results of the present study.