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Background: Diabetes is one of the four major types of non-communicable disease which has reached the epidemic proportions leading to major public health problems and concern. Several studies have shown the impact of genetic variations on diabetes pathogenesis. KCNJ11 gene has been associated with T2DM. Any variation in this gene disrupts the insulin release from β cells ultimately causing diabetes. Aim: The present research aims to resolve whether genetic variants of KCNJ11 have association with susceptibility to T2DM in the North Indian population. Method: PCR-RFLP technique was used to genotype 200 subjects for rs5219 genetic variant of KCNJ11 gene. Student's t test and chi square test (χ2) were used to evaluate continuous and categorical variables. Association of KCNJ11genotypes with T2DM was done by odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS-21 software. Results: Environmental factors such as smoking and lack of exercise increase the risk for T2DM (OR>1). The genotype frequency distribution for KCNJ11 rs5219 SNP was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for both control (p-value-0.96) and T2DM case group (p-value-0.685). rs5219 was associated with T2DM in dominant genetic model (p-value- <0.001; OR- 3.781) and recessive genetic model (p-value- <0.001; OR- 3.740). It was found that T allele was a risk allele that increases susceptibility for T2DM. Conclusion: This study elucidated that rs5219 genetic variant of KCNJ11 may increase the susceptibility for T2DM and TT genotype might be involved in predisposing individuals for development of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: DPP-IV is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protein that can be presented in soluble forms. It has recently gained medical importance as its inhibitors are widely being used as treatment of T2DM. The present research aims to resolve whether genetic variants of DPP-IV have association with susceptibility to T2DM. Method: Two variants of DPP-IV were detected in 100 controls and 100 T2DM by PCR–RFLP technique. Demographic characteristics were recorded. Clinical characteristics were analyzed by enzymatic method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-21. Results: Demographic and clinical characteristics differ significantly between two groups. The genetic variation in SNP rs3788979 and SNP rs7608798, both in case and control, were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (p value > 0.05). Both SNPs rs3788979 and rs7608798 were significantly related to T2DM (p- < 0.05). Minor G allele of rs3788979 was linked with the susceptibility of T2DM (p-value-0.000; OR- 4.235). T allele of SNP rs7608798 conferred the risk of diabetes with OR-2.235. Conclusion: This is the first attempt to investigate the association of DPP-IV gene with T2DM in Indian population. The finding of study concludes that genetic variation in DPP-IV gene may considerably increase the risk of developing T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]