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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), using real-time video application programs, on the body composition, blood lipids, cytokines, and quality of life (QOL) of over-weight men. Methods The participants of this study were overweight men, aged 28. Twenty people participated in this experiment and were divided into two groups: a HIIT group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). Both groups were pre-examined to determine body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and QOL indices and also underwent blood tests. The HIIT group underwent high-intensity interval training for 8 weeks (twice a week and 35 minutes per day) using real-time video programs. The main exercise program for HIIT was 20 seconds high-intensity (85–90% HRmax) exercise followed by 30 seconds exercise at a 60% HRmax. Results Comparison and analysis of the effects observed before and after the exercise revealed that the real-time online HIIT group showed reduced body fat (F=5.690, p=.028). Results of the blood tests showed that the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL; F=24.584, p =.001) was increased, while the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL; F=24.963, p =.001), triglycerides (TG; F=7.295, p=.015;), and total cholesterol (TC; F=14.934, p=.001) levels were decreased. No significant effects were observed on the insulin and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Finally, the QOL test results showed that the total score of the HIIT group had increased (F=190.815, p=.001). Conclusions Online HIIT is a useful method that aids in reducing fat levels in obese men and improving their blood lipid profile and QOL during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE This study is to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on iron accumulation and microglial cell activity in the cerebral cortex of APP-C105 transgenic Alzheimer’s mice. METHODS The transgenic mice and their comparative non-transgenic mice at 24 months of age were divided into 3 groups: NTC (Non-Tg-Con, n=7), TC (Tg-Con, n=7), TE (Tg-Exe, n=7). TE group ran on the treadmill (30 min/day, 5 day/week) for 8 weeks. RESULTS The results show that treadmill exercise significantly improved spatial memory and cognitive function in TE group compared with TC group in Morris water-maze test and Passive avoidance test. In addition, TE group with treadmill exercise showed to decrease significantly in the accumulation level of iron, amyloid-beta protein, activated-microglia factor and pro-inflammation factor in comparison with TC group. anti-inflammation factor TE group was significantly increased than TC group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that treadmill exercise has positive effects on cognitive function, iron accumulation level of iron and activated-microglia factor and it can act as a key role for clinical strategy in AD.

PURPOSE The goal of this study is to demonstrate whether low intensity exercise has an effect on the level of inflammatory response and apoptosis in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. METHODS A high fat diet (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate, and 20% protein) was treated to a subset of experimental rats for 35 weeks to induce obesity before exercise intervention. The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: normal control (ND-CON, n = 7), High-Fat Diet control (HFD-CON, n=7) and High-Fat Diet+Exercise (HFD-EXE, n=7).The low intensity exercise program was performed for 10 weeks with treadmill (30 min/day, 5 days/week). After treadmill exercise, body weight, total fat mass, HOMA-IR and OGTT were analyzed. Also TLR-4 signaling pathway related proteins, inflammation related factors and apoptosis were analyzed using Western blot method. RESULTS Low intensity exercise with treadmill reduces body weight and body fat of obese rats that were induced by high fat diet, and improves insulin resistance and blood glucose recovery ability. In addition, low intensity exercise inhibits the activity of NF-κB by reducing TLR4 protein, which regulates inflammation and immunity. This has shown to reduce the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, Bax and Caspase3 proteins associated with apoptosis, and improve Bcl2 protein. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, low intensity exercise reduces the level of TLR4 protein that regulates immune and inflammatory responses in adipocytes of obese rats induced by high fat diet. This inhibits the activity of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related proteins, which will be effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to demonstrate whether treadmill exercise have an effect on the level of α-synuclein and microRNA (miRNA) in striatum of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) induced mouse models. METHODS To induced mouse model of PD, administered to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 25 mg/kg) and Probenecid (250 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections, 2 times per week during 5 weeks. The groups were randomly divided into 3 groups: CON (C57BL/6 control, n=7), MPTP-C (MPTP control, n=7), and ME (MPTP+Exercise, n=7) and treadmill exercise was performed for 8 weeks (10 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week). RESULTS The result show that treadmill exercise significantly improved locomotor function in ME group compared with MPTP-C group in rotarod performance test. Moreover, treadmill exercise was significantly increased levels of miR-153 as regulating SNCA mRNA in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. Conversely, treadmill exercise was significantly decreased levels of SNCA mRNA and α-synuclein in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. We also found that treadmill exercise was significantly increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in ME group compared with MPTP-C group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that treadmill exercise could ameliorate pathologic features of PD via regulating miRNA against MPTP induced mouse model of PD.