6 results on '"Buchwald, Dedra"'
Search Results
2. Establishment of a New Population-based Twin Registry in Washington State
- Author
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Afari, Niloofar, Evanoff, Cynthia L, Buchwald, Dedra S, and Goldberg, Jack
- Published
- 2001
3. Temporomandibular Disorder-Type Pain and Migraine Headache in Women: A Preliminary Twin Study.
- Author
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Plesh, Octavia, Noonan, Carolyn, Buchwald, Dedra S., Goldberg, Jack, and Afari, Niloo
- Subjects
PAIN diagnosis ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,REPORTING of diseases ,GENEALOGY ,GENETICS ,GENETIC techniques ,MIGRAINE ,TWINS ,TEMPOROMANDIBULAR disorders ,DATA analysis ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Aims: To determine whether shared genetic influences are responsible for the association between pain from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and migraine headache. Methods: Data were obtained from 1,236 monozygotic and 570 dizygotic female twin pairs from the University of Washington Twin Registry. TMD pain was assessed with a question about persistent or recurrent pain in the jaw, temple, in front of the ear, or in the ear. The presence of migraine headache was determined by self-report of doctor-diagnosed migraine. Univariate and bivariate structural equation models estimated the components of variance attributable to genetic and environmental influences. Results: The best fitting univariate models indicated that additive genetic effects contributed 27% of the variance in TMD pain (95% confidence interval = 15% to 38%) and 49% of the variance in migraine headache (95% confidence interval = 40% to 57%). The best-fitting bivariate model revealed that 12% of the genetic component of TMD pain is shared with migraine headache. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that the association between TMD pain and migraine headache in women may be partially due to a modest shared genetic risk for both conditions. Future studies can focus on replicating these findings with symptom- and diagnosis-based instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
4. Brain regulation of appetite in twins.
- Author
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Melhorn, Susan J., Mehta, Sonya, Kratz, Mario, Tyagi, Vidhi, Webb, Mary F., Noonan, Carolyn J., Buchwald, Dedra S., Goldberg, Jack, Maravilla, Kenneth R., Grabowski, Thomas J., and Schur, Ellen A.
- Subjects
BRAIN physiology ,BODY composition ,APPETITE ,CLINICAL trials ,FOOD preferences ,GENETICS ,INGESTION ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,SENSORY perception ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SATISFACTION ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,TWINS ,VISUAL perception ,BODY mass index ,VISUAL analog scale ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHOTON absorptiometry ,INTRACLASS correlation - Abstract
Background: Neural responses to highly energetic food cues are robust and are suppressed by eating. It is not known if neural responsiveness to food cues is an inherited trait and possibly even one that mediates the genetic influences on body weight that have been previously observed. Objective: We investigated the inherited influence on brain responses to high-calorie visual food cues before and after a meal. Design: With the use of a monozygotic twin study design, 21 healthy monozygotic twin pairs consumed a standardized breakfast and, 3.5 h later, underwent the first of 2 functional MRI (fMRI) scans with the use of visual food cues. After the first fMRI session, twins consumed a standardized meal, which was followed by the second fMRI. Serial ratings of appetite and food appeal were obtained. An ad libitum buffet was used to measure total caloric and macronutrient intakes. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used to test for inherited influences by comparing whether intrapair similarity was greater than interpair similarity. Results: Body mass index was highly correlated within twin pairs (ICC: 0.96; P < 0.0001). ICCs also showed a strong intrapair similarity for the meal-induced change in hunger (ICC: 0.41; P = 0.03), fullness (ICC: 0.39; P = 0.04), and the appeal of fattening food (ICC: 0.57; P < 0.001). Twins ate a similar number of kilocalories at the buffet (ICC: 0.43; P = 0.02). Before the meal, the global brain activation across regions involved in satiety processing was not more similar in twins than in unrelated individuals. However, significant ICCs were present after the meal (ICC: 0.39; P = 0.04) and for the meal-induced change in activation by high-calorie visual food cues (ICC: 0.52; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Inherited factors influence both satiety perception and the effect of a meal to alter regional brain responses to images of highly energetic food. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02483663. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Genetic and environmental influences on restrained eating behavior.
- Author
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Schur, Ellen, Noonan, Carolyn, Polivy, Janet, Goldberg, Jack, and Buchwald, Dedra
- Subjects
INGESTION disorders ,EATING disorders ,HERITABILITY ,BODY weight ,TWINS ,GENETICS ,HEALTH - Abstract
Objective: We examined the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to restrained eating. Method: Restrained eating was assessed by the Restraint Scale in a survey mailed to all twins enrolled in the University of Washington Twin Registry. We used structural equation modeling to estimate genetic and nongenetic contributions to restrained eating. Results: 1,196 monozygotic (MZ), 456 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 447 opposite-sex twins were included in analyses. Restraint Scale scores were more closely correlated in MZ twins (r
male = .55, rfemale = .55) than in same-sex DZ twins (rmale = .31, rfemale = .19). Based on structural equation modeling, the estimated heritability for restrained eating, adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and sex, was 43% (95% confidence interval 35–50%). There was little evidence for common environmental effects. Discussion: These results indicate an inherited component to restrained eating. Genes could influence restrained eating directly or through inherited mediators such as personality factors or tendencies to gain weight. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. University of Washington Twin Registry: construction and characteristics of a community-based twin registry.
- Author
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Afari, Niloofar, Noonan, Carolyn, Goldberg, Jack, Edwards, Karen, Gadepalli, Kiran, Osterman, Bethany, Evanoff, Cynthia, and Buchwald, Dedra
- Subjects
RECORDING & registration ,VITAL records (Births, deaths, etc.) ,TWINS ,PERSONAL identification numbers ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,PROFESSIONAL licenses ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
The University of Washington Twin Registry is a community-based registry of twins identified from the Washington State Department of Licensing. A fortuitous quirk in the Washington State drivers' license and identification number assignment, and collaborative Washington State laws, permitted us to build a statewide registry. Since obtaining approval from the Washington State Attorney General, the Washington State Department of Licensing has provided us with information on over 26,000 newly licensed twins, and we continue to receive computerized records on approximately 80 new twins per week. The University of Washington Twin Registry is assembled by mailing each twin a recruitment packet that includes an information sheet, brochure, brief survey, and nominal gift. Once both members of a twin pair have completed the packet, the pair is enrolled in the registry. As of June 2006, 2287 adult twin pairs have enrolled in the registry; about one half of these are female-female pairs. Among all twins, the average age is 32 years. Based on self-report, 52% of twins are monozygotic, 42% are dizygotic, and zygosity on 6% cannot yet be determined. We also have instituted a clinical protocol for collecting additional data and DNA from all twins participating in research studies requiring an in-person visit. The registry has established policies and procedures to protect the confidentiality of twin data and guidelines for the use of the registry by investigators. Plans for the further growth of the University of Washington Twin Registry and its use are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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