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Modality is a linguistic marker that reflects the speaker’s approach and attitude towards a proposition and is generally divided into two: propositional and event modality. Modality of possibility is also mostly situated within the epistemic modality which is a subheading of propositional modality. Different degrees of possibility arise related to the speaker’s modal areas such as prediction, probability, assumption, hesitation, doubt, indecision, certainty and uncertainty regarding the proposition in the modality of possibility. In this study, markers indicating possibility in Tuvan Turkish are analyzed based on Rubin’s (2010) certainty categorization model. In this scope, as a result of the sample scanned from grammar books, textbooks, dictionaries and literary works written on Tuvan Turkish, it was determined that the modality of possibility consists of morphology, morpho-syntactic, lexical and syntactic markers. Following the example given for each marker, the categorization of possibility in which the proposition was evaluated (absolute certaintyhigh certainty-moderate certainty-low certainty-uncertainty) is given. This study is carried out in order to identify markers of modality of possibility in Tuvan Turkish and to address this gap in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While prepositions create a phrasal structure in the sentence, they choose complements consisting of words originated from nouns, pronouns or verbs as dependent elements. Prepositional phrases determine specific syntactic roles for themselves and assign various semantic roles to the compulsory element attached to them, in other words, to their complements. In this study, the syntactic roles that prepositions assign to their complements are analysed within the frame of dependency grammar and volition theory while semantic roles are analysed within the frame of role theory, which is discussed within government and binding theory that is one of the subtitles of state grammar and transformational generative grammar. Tuvan language has a large number of inflected prepositions. Inflected prepositions form a prepositional phrase with the words coming before and after them and fulfil a specific function in the sentence. The syntactic and semantic role of each preposition varies according to the dependent morphemes. Therefore, a preposition may have multiple syntactic and semantic roles. This situation can only be resolved in context. In this study, syntactic and semantic roles that inflected prepositions, ışkaş, deg, deeş, -bile and hire, attach to their complements are analysed on the basis of the mentioned theories and within the sample sentences selected from grammar books, dictionaries and literary texts. In the end of each section of preposition analysed, a table consisting of preposition’s meaning, function, complement type, syntactic role, and semantic role is presented. In this way, it is aimed to reveal each feature of the analysed prepositions clearly and collectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, pronominal verbs and their derivatives in Tuvan are examined and it is aimed to represent the words in this category in Tuvan as a whole. The material of the study is classified according to sharing the common root or stem, analysed morphologically and semantically. In the study, these verbs are classified into three groups in terms of their structures: derivations of ınča, mınča, kanča; derivations of interrogative pronoun čü/čüü; derivations through {+LA-}. In each section, structural aspects of these words are discussed and their usages are represented by sample sentences. According to the findings of the study, it is concluded that the verbs, whose structures are not clear at first sight, in the first group are formed by fusion of the words ınča, mınča, kanča and kıl-; second group is formed by fusion of the words čü/čüü and bol-The forms derived from these verbs are typical samples of grammaticalization and lexicalization in Tuvan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Languages interact with each other for cultural, economic, political, social, and religious reasons, among others. Although the direction of this exchange is mostly from the dominant culture to the sub-culture, a reverse exchange also happens. Language has the power to influence various communities regardless of the perception of a near or distant space because it is a means of communication. In this vein, it is known that there are borrowed words in the vocabularies of both extinct and living spoken and written languages in the world. It is clearly seen in vocabulary analyses that no language is free of borrowed words -- that is, a pure language. From this perspective, there can be interaction relations between languages X and Y, for example, and this interaction can be established through language Z or other languages. Within this framework, this study aims to analyze words in Tuvinian -- related to the Siberian group of Turkic languages -- borrowed from Persian. Although the existence of words borrowed from Persian in Turkic languages is known, it is rather remarkable that Tuvinian vocabulary also has data from the Persian language. The method used in this study comprised reviewing Etimologiçeskiy slovar' Tuvinskogo yazıka (Tom I-II-III-IV), Etimologiçeskiy slovar' tyurkskih yazıkov (Tom II), Tolkovıy slovar' Tuvinskogo yazıka (Tom I-II), and Tuvinsko-russkiy slovar', which contain language data pertaining to Tuvinian vocabulary, as well as indexing words of Persian origin in these works. As a result of this literature review, 24 words of Persian origin were identified in the Tuvinian language. This study further investigated whether these identified words of Persian origin were borrowed directly or through mediating languages, if any. In consequence, it was found that these words entered the Tuvinian language in the following ways: (a) Persian >> Mongolian languages >> Tuvinian language; (b) Persian >> Russian >> Tuvinian language; (c) Persian >> Russian >> Altai language >> Tuvinian language; (d) Persian >> Turkic languages >> Russian >> Tuvinian language; and (e) Persian >> ? >> Tuvinian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various researchers have made classification experiments on Turkish dialects according to genetic, geographical, ethnic and linguistic criteria. One of the striking criteria in these classifications is related to suffix +sIz. As it is known, +sIz is to declare "absence" and "deficiency; +sIz suffix and nouns can be used as nouns or adjectives. In addition, +sIz is opposite of +LI(g) and it is used in Azerbaijan, Bashkir, Chuvash, Gagauz, Karachay-Balkar, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Crimean Tatar, Kumuk, Nogai, Uzbek, Tatar, Turkmen, Uigur and Turkey dialects. Tuvan, Khakas, Altai, Yellow Uighur, Salar and Yakut-Sakha dialects do not have +sIz, although they have +LI(g). Instead of +sIz, they have versions of Old Turkic "yok": Tuvan Turkish. čok, Khakas Turkish. čox, Altai Turkish. "dok", Shor Turkish "čok", "Yakut Turkish "suox", Yellow Uighur. "yok" and Salar Turkish "yok". Generally "yok" can be used as adjective, noun, verb (with suffixes) and absence marker in historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. It can be said about the functions of "čok" in Tuva Turkish."čok" with various words can be used as an adverb, conjunction, preposition. There are a great number of loan words in Tuvan Turkish vocabulary. They are mostly Mongolian and Russian origin. "čok" can be used loan words together."čok" can be used in idioms and expressions, hendiadys and scientific terms. This paper focus on functions of "čok" in Tuvan Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common belief on pharyngeal vowels in Tuva Turkish is that they have evolved from primary short vowels. However, through analysis of more than 900 words, this study demonstrates that in 10 different words, pharyngeal vowels have evolved from Proto-Turkic (PT) primary long vowels. This can be formulated as *V > v' / *V > v'. Whether they are evolving from short vowels or long vowels, pharyngeal vowels of Tuva Turkish are allophones of 2 different phonemes. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of pharyngealization of primary long vowels and to analyze these vowels in terms of their phonemic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are plenty of theories about the origin of the language. Among these theories, there are onomatopoeic theories called "Bow-Vow Theory", "Ding-Dong Theory", "Pooh-Pooh Theory". According to these theories, language has onomatopoetic roots. It is not possible to probe these theories sicientifically but All the languages have a great number of onomatopoetic words. Onomatopoeia can be defined as these kind of words thorugh the imitation of sounds from nature, animals and humans. In the all areas of Turkish language, there are in large quantities of onomatopoetic words. In Tuvan Turkish, there are suffixes derive denominal verbs, {+IrA-}, {+(A)r-}, {+LA-}, {+rA-}, {+DA-}, {+A-}, {+y-}, {+KIlA-}, {+KAyn-} ve {+GIr(A)-}. In Tuvan Turkish, there are approximately 34 verbs with{+GIr(A)-} like agır-, algır-, bılgır-, bülgür-, dükpür-, kegir-, ogur-, sığır-, sokkur- etc. This kinds of verbs related animal voices, human body's voices etc. In this paper, we search structure of suffix {+GIr(A)-}, verbs with {+GIr(A)-} and their functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nouns identifying all animate and inanimate objects to be found in the universit exist as either being one or more than one (in number). Within this context, nouns across all of the world the world‟s languages are generally classed under two categories singular and plural. Here we have explored this topic through two contemporary Turkic languages, Tuvan and Turkish. Turkish is a member of the Southwestern (Oghuz) branch of the Turkic language family and is spoken in the far western fringes of the Turkic World (Turkey, the Balkans, Northern Cyprus). Tuvan falls within the north eastern (Siberian) branch of Turkic languages, and together with Yakut is spoken in the far eastern fringes of the Turkic World (Siberia). Our aim was to comparatively examine these two distantly related Turkic languages both from a geographical as well as from a phonological and structural angle. We have also attempted to surveyed the current linguistic situtation of both languages within the scope of this research without going into historical details where possbile. In this study, we examined the category of number in nouns under three groups: singular, collective and plural. In line with most other scholars, we too have taken into consideration the various lexical, syntactical, and morphological categories during our overview of this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)