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Objective: The higher frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Turner's syndrome compared with the general population is well known. We have attempted to establish clearly the more frequent association of thyroiditis with the X-isochromosome, since previous reports of this aspect have included only small numbers of patients., Design: Retrospective study of patients with Turner's syndrome investigated within the past 12 years., Patients: Sixty-seven cases of Turner's syndrome were reviewed., Measurements: Peripheral blood leucocyte karyotype and screening for thyroid disturbances on the basis of clinical examination and laboratory evaluation (anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies, basal TSH levels and TSH levels after TRH stimulation) were made for each patient., Results: A diagnosis of thyroiditis, based on the association of positive antibody titres, elevated TSH and an abnormal thyroid gland on clinical examination, was established in 20.9% (14/67) of cases. A significantly higher frequency of thyroiditis was found among the patients presenting with an X-isochromosome (57.3%, 9/16), compared to patients with other karyotypes (9.8%, 5/51) (P = 0.0001)., Conclusions: Our results, obtained by investigation of a larger number of patients with an X-isochromosome karyotype than in previous reports, confirm conclusively that patients with X-isochromosome Turner's syndrome have an increased risk of developing thyroiditis.

Two patients with Turner's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are described. The incidence of the karyotype 46 XX (iq), 45 X is high in this association reported in the literature; thus, 17 patients among 25 with Turner's syndrome and thyroiditis had a structural abnormality of the X chromosome. Routine thyroid antibodies determination should be carried out in patients with gonadal dysgenesis between 10 and 20 years of age, and early replacement therapy should be undertaken in Turner's syndrome with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, since clinical signs of hypothyroidism are usually delayed.

The cellular material studied in the urinary sediment mainly obtained from exfoliated cells of the bladder trigone was submitted to hormonal stimulation. These cell changes constitute the basis of a cytological method called urocytogram. The urinary sediment was examined in twenty seven girls with Turner's syndrome. The authors consider the interest of repeat examinations in the follow-up and treatment of these patients.