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U listopadu 2017. godine provedena su arheološka istraživanja u Dolini na položaju Glavičice, gdje su istraženi tumul 10 kao i probna sonda na pretpostavljenom položaju ravnoga groblja. U tumulu 10 otkriveni su ostaci opljačkanoga groba 1 te ostatak groba 2, pri čemu su tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani i tragovi aktivnosti tijekom pogrebnih rituala provedenih prije podizanja zemljanoga humka. U probnoj sondi nisu pronađeni tragovi arheoloških cijelina, osim malobrojnih keramičkih ulomaka prikupljenih u sloju humusa., During the archaeological excavations carried out in 2017 tumulus 10 was excavated at the site Glavičice in Dolina. The upper grave in Tumulus 10 was plundered in the past (Fig. 3). The results of the research confirmed the assumption that the structure of each tumulus flowed independently and only in adjacent tumuli, according to the present knowledge, traces of collective memory and established tradition can be expected. Since only a small part of the community living in a settlement situated at the site Babine Grede were buried under the tumuli, it is not excluded that tumuli were constructed for a longer period. The recognizable chronological difference, proved by type-chronological analysis, indicates a range of 80–100 years in burials under the tumuli. In addition to the chronological difference, one may also have to account for a different position of the deceased who were buried under the tumuli, that is, it could be related to family or other social affiliation.

Pokraj Doline na Savi, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se groblje pod tumulima na kojem Institut za arheologiju i Gradski muzej Nova Gradiška provode arheološka istraživanja od 2009. godine. U iskopavanjima poduzetim 2013. godine istraženi su tumuli 5 i 9 u kojima su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi koji se, prema grobnom ritualu, uklapaju u postojeću sliku o pogrebnim običajima u Dolini na kraju kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba. Izniman je nalaz dobro očuvane brončane kacige zvonastog tipa u grobu 1 tumula 5 koja je u to vrijeme zasigurno bila znak prestiža u zajednici.

Pokraj Doline na Savi, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se groblje pod tumulima na kojem Institut za arheologiju i Gradski muzej Nova Gradiška provode arheološka istraživanja od 2009. godine. U iskopavanjima poduzetim 2013. godine istraženi su tumuli 5 i 9 u kojima su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi koji se, prema grobnom ritualu, uklapaju u postojeću sliku o pogrebnim običajima u Dolini na kraju kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba. Izniman je nalaz dobro očuvane brončane kacige zvonastog tipa u grobu 1 tumula 5 koja je u to vrijeme zasigurno bila znak prestiža u zajednici., In 2013 we carried out the investigation of tumuli 9 and 5 at the position of Glavičice in Dolina. Tumulus 9 yielded grave 1 with cremated bones mixed with the remains of the pyre, potsherds and a bronze button, dating the grave to Ha B3 phase. A bronze bulb-headed pin was discovered in the fill of the tumulus. Tumulus 5, with 20 m in diameter, belongs to a group of tumuli lying closest to the northern edge of the settlement. Grave 1 was discovered immediately beneath the ploughing layer. It consisted of a rectangular timber structure with posts. The grave was filled with the remains from the pyre, on which was placed the urn with a bowl serving as the lid. On the northern side of the urn was placed a bronze bell helmet (Glockenhelm), dated to Ha B3 phase. The burial rite with grave goods in the form of a bronze defensive weapon – helmet, differs from the usual burials of the younger phase of the Urnfield culture in southern Pannonia. The fill of grave 1 yielded also abundant remains of burned bronze. Grave 2, lying beneath grave 1, yielded the remains of a pyre with cremated bones, next to which was placed a ceramic set of four vessels. The exceptional finds and results of the investigations in Dolina supplement our picture of the burial rites, with the finds from tumulus 5 significantly changing our knowledge of the relative-chronological relationships at the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in central Posavina.

Drugu godinu zaredom provedena su probna arheološka istraživanja prapovijesnog groblja Glavičice. Istražen je najjužniji tumul 6 pod kojim su bili dva paljevinska groba u vertikalnom stratigrafskom odnosu. Prilozi u grobovima ukazuju da su pokojnici pokopani početkom željeznog doba (Ha C1a) spajajući tradiciju paljevinskog pokopavanja kulture polja sa žarama s halštatskom modom – označavanjem groba nasipom tumula.

Drugu godinu zaredom provedena su probna arheološka istraživanja prapovijesnog groblja Glavičice. Istražen je najjužniji tumul 6 pod kojim su se nalazila dva paljevinska groba u vertikalnom stratigrafskom odnosu. Prilozi u grobovima ukazuju da su pokojnici pokopani početkom željeznog doba (Ha C1a) spajajući tradiciju paljevinskog pokopavanja kulture polja sa žarama s halštatskom modom – označavanjem groba nasipom tumula., For the second year, archaeological trial excavations of the Glavičice prehistoric cemetery in Dolina were conducted. The southernmost Tumulus 6 was excavated, under which there were two incineration graves in a vertical stratigraphic relationship. The grave goods suggest that the deceased were buried at the beginning of the Iron Age (Ha C1a), thus connecting the tradition of cremation burials of the Urnfield culture with the Hallstatt fashion of marking graves by erecting tumuli. Under a mound of grey mixed earth in the south-western quarter of the tumulus, incineration remains of a rectangular shape with a large amount of soot were identified as Grave 1. It was constructed with four wooden pillars in the corners, along which planks were probably laid. In the grave, thus prepared, a pot was laid – an urn with the incinerated bones of the deceased, among which an iron wire double-looped fibula was unearthed with a triangular foot and a round bow cross-section. The fibula is relatively small. In the urn-pot, an iron bead was found, along with small bronze rivets of 0.5 cm in diameter. The urn was covered with the remains of a funeral pyre with soot, among which incinerated bones, pottery shards, a large amount of small bronze rivets, fragments of a burned iron artefact, two bone pendants, one of which was decorated with concentric circles, and a stone pendant which had deliberately been broken in three parts, were found. Grave 1 was sunk in the mound of Grave 2. Finds in Grave 1, Tumulus 6 suggest a burial of a prominent person from the beginning of the Early Iron Age. The incineration burial partly in the urn and partly in the rest of the grave testifies to the traditions of the Urnfield culture. In the grave, a whetstone was unearthed, frequently encountered in graves at Dalj and Batina (Metzner-Nebelsick 2002: T. 6: 26 passim). The find from Grave 1 of Tumulus 6 might be the currently westernmost known find of this type of whetstone, associated with eastern, so-called Thraco-Cimmerian, influences. Another extraordinary find is that of a double-looped iron fibula with a triangular foot and a bow with a round cross-section of the type 2a based on Gabrovec, for which there are close analogies in Grave 250 in Ljubljana (Gabrovec 1970: 24, Map V, T. 8: 8). The densest distribution of this type of fibulae has been documented in Slovenia (Lower Carniola, Ljubljana, Inner Carniola). However, isolated finds are also known from Glasinci and Vukovar (Gabrovec 1970: map V) and the find from Dolina fits well into this picture. Particularly interesting is the find of approximately one hundred small bronze rivets of 0.5 cm in diameter, which formed a constituent part of the attire or equipment of the deceased, and were cremated along with them. They can be interpreted in two ways: a part of their attire (belt, mantle or waistcoat) decorated with rivets, or a bowl-shaped helmet of the Libna group (Škoberne 1999: 88, Fig. 59–60). The iron fibula and the presumed bowl-shaped helmet from Grave 1 testify to western influences, while the ceramic vessels, whetstone and bone pendants suggest eastern connections, which is not surprising considering the geographical position of Dolina in the Sava valley, a transversal between the south-eastern Alps and Danube region. The Grave 2 mound was made of brown sandy earth, and is situated in the central part of the grave, in its south-eastern and south-western quarters. Grave 2 was placed in the southern part of the tumulus. Incinerated bones mixed with pottery shards and an amount of soot were laid in some sort of organic material. North of the incinerated bones, a set consisting of three pots, a cup and a bowl was laid. Grave 2 was covered with brown sandy earth and marked from the outside, as Grave 1 lay above it and north of it. Grave 2 lay on a layer of sterile soil consisting of light yellow sand. In Grave 2, Tumulus 8, a pottery set was unearthed. The shapes of the vessels belong to types of the late Urnfield culture in Posavina, while two pots are extraordinarily biconical, which, along with an incised decoration filled by an incrustation, has analogies in the central Bosnian group (Čović 1987: Fig. 27). The shapes and incised decoration might equally have been inspired by the East, where biconical pots with incised decorations appear in the further eastern Vis-Pivnica group (Čović 1988: 102, Fig. 28), while the incised geometrical decorations and wavy lines were a fashionable pottery decoration style in the wider area between the Lower Danube region from Banija and Kordun in the west, along the River Sava to Slovenian Podravje and Pomurje along the River Drava in the period between the 11th and 8th centuries BC (Hänsel 1976; Teržan 1995). At a later stage, similar ornamentation was inherited from the Basarabi style, also present on sites in northern Bosnia (Gavranović 2007) and in the west up to White Carniola in Slovenia (Dular 1979). The idea of the pottery set and tumuli, documented in Grave 2, Tumulus 6 testifies to the presence of Hallstatt ideas on the periphery of the eastern Hallstatt circle. Both excavated tumuli (T 6 and T 8) in Dolina testify to a community that communicated with its contemporaries in the neighbourhood but also from a wider area. Besides parts of attire suggesting wider connections and the local expressions in pottery, there are other elements suggesting that the members of the community living in Dolina at the beginning of the Iron Age were open to innovations (e.g. the idea of tumuli), which they applied in their everyday life (burial with two incineration graves with separate mounds in a single tumulus). This is a hypothesis that needs to be confirmed in excavations of a larger surface.

Radi prikupljanja novih spoznaja o kasnome brončanom i željeznom dobu u Posavini, započelo se s pokusnim istraživanjima nalazišta u Dolini, koj se na osnovi dosad prikupljenih slučajnih nalaza pripisuju grupi Donja Dolina-Sanski Most. Istražen je tumul 8 u kojem su bila dva groba koja se mogu datirati u početak starijeg željeznog doba.

Radi prikupljanja novih spoznaja o kasnome brončanom i željeznom dobu u Posavini, započelo se s pokusnim istraživanjima nalazišta u Dolini, koja se na osnovi dosad prikupljenih slučajnih nalaza pripisuju grupi Donja Dolina-Sanski Most. Na položaju Babine grede nalazi se naselje na kojem su prikupljeni brojni keramički ulomci koji se mogu datirati 11 – 7. st. pr. Kr. Sjeverozapadno od naselja, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se skupina tumula između kojih je istražen tumul 8 u kojem su izdvojena dva nasipa, svaki s po jednim paljevinskim grobom. Ispod gornjeg nasipa nalazio se grob 1 koji se, s obzirom na nalaze spaljenih brončanih predmeta koji pripadaju dijelu nošnje, može pripisati pokopu ženske osobe. U grobu 2, koji se nalazio ispod donjeg nasipa tumula, pronađena je brončana igla s ukrašenim vratom za koju se analogije nalaze na naselju u Donjoj Dolini gdje je datirana u fazu Ic, odnosno u fazu 1 (Ha B3). U grobu su pronađeni i ulomci keramičke posude s bogatim urezanim i bijelom inkrustiranim ukrasom, za koje se usporedbe pronalaze u srednjobosanskoj grupi te na istoku, u donjem Podunavlju u tzv. Basarabi stilu. Oba groba iz tumula 8 pripadaju početku starijega željeznog doba te ga prikazuju kao jedan od najstarijih dosad poznatih pokopa pod tumulom u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. U blizini tumula pretpostavljeno je i postojanje ravnih grobova, zbog čega je pokusno istražen stotinjak metara udaljen položaj Draganje, na kojem je pronađen ravan paljevinski grob koji se vjerojatno može datirati u mlađu fazu kulture polja sa žarama. Sva spomenuta nalazišta u Dolini, pokusnim iskopavanjima tijekom nekoliko godina, mogu ponuditi spoznaje o početku nove civilizacijske epohe koju je obilježila pojava predmeta izrađenih od željeza, uza što se povezuju društvene i ekonomske promjene što se dijelom izražavaju u početku pokopavanja istaknutih pojedinaca pod tumulima. S obzirom na važnost naselja i groblja u susjednoj Donjoj Dolini, i na sjevernoj strani rijeke Save moralo je postojati odgovarajuće naselje preko kojeg se odvijala intenzivna trgovina kao i razmjena ideja i dobara između jugoistočnoalpskog prostora s Podunavljem te zapadnog Balkana i južne Panonije., With the aim of defining protohistoric cultural phenomena in Posavina, in 2009 trial excavations began at the site in Dolina (Vrbje Municipality, County of Slavonski Brod and Posavina) in order to find out more about a series of processes that were occurring at the mentioned territory in the course of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, as intensive exchange of goods, people and ideas took place between the south-eastern Alpine region and the Danube region on the one hand, and between west Balkan and southern Pannonia on the other hand. In the course of the excavations it is expected to collect moveable finds, as well as facts on the location of the graves and their relationship towards the corresponding settlement, as well as their chronological position within the existing periodization of the cultural group Donja Dolina–Sanski Most (Marić 1964; Čović 1987), to which the sites around Dolina belong. The excavations were conducted in co-operation between the Nova Gradiška Town Museum and the Institute of Archaeology. Financing was provided by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports within the Scientific Project The Development and Mobility of Protohistoric Communities Settled on the Territory of Continental Croatia: 197-1970685-0711. On the basis of the past field surveys and individual finds, at thesite Babine Grede, on a slightly elevated and prolonged traverse – almost 1 km long – a settlement is situated, surrounded by often flooded lowlands. Northwest of the settlement, at the site called Glavičice, up to the present day 13 tumuli have been documented, although this number is significantly high in view of the fact that they are situated on a once intensively cultivated land. Next to the tumuli the existence of fl at graves is assumed. In the course of the trial excavations of 2009, a total of 8 tumuli were explored at the Glavičice site, while the Draganje site, approximately a hundred metres west of the tumuli where on the basis of surface finds the discovery of fl at graves was expected, was trial-trenched (Map 1). Glavičice - Tumulus 8 Tumulus 8 has a diameter of 16-17 m and it belongs to a group of tumuli of smaller dimensions (Fig. 1). Under the upper layer of the tumulus, almost in its centre, grave T 8/1 was found with incinerated remains of a deceased woman. The remains were piled up together with fragments of bronze artefacts which were incinerated along with the woman as part of her costume. However, fragments of a needle and probably parts of bronze armlets/anklets as well as of a small rivet with a hemispheric head can be recognized. In the centre there is a jug with a grip and with a vertically cannelured belly (Fig. 2). Under the bottom layer of the tumulus, also almost in its central part, grave T 8/2 with incinerated remains of a deceased person was found. The pile of incinerated remains of the deceased is rather compact, which suggests that it must have been laid in a textile or leather cloth (Fig. 3). South of the bones, a larger bronze pin was found with diagonally ornamented neck and smaller profilations at the top. The pin might have closed the organic material in which the bones were kept. Along with incinerated bones, fragments of a reddish vessel were found, which was decorated with zigzag and vertical curved lines filled with white incrustation. In the north-eastern quadrant, a bit further from the incinerated remains of the deceased, a bowl with a round body and an indented edge, and a smaller pot with a round body with a grip on the neck were found. At the level of grave 2, in the north-eastern quadrant, an oval surface of burned earth stands out that might suggest the spot where incinerations used to take place. Draganje About a hundred meters west of the tumuli group, at the site of Draganje, trench 1 was explored which partly encompassed a smaller elevation on which fragments of pottery and incinerated bones were collected that suggest the existence of fl at burials. In the northern part of the trench, grave 1 was found with incinerated remains of a deceased, laid in a rectangular pit with rounded corners (Fig. 4). Only the bottom of the grave was preserved with fragments of ceramic vessels – a pot with a round body and a horizontally faceted edge, and a bowl with a rounded body and an indented and horizontally faceted edge. The finds suggest that the grave is from the early stage of the Late Bronze Age. Trial excavations at the sites of Glavičice and Draganje in Dolina contribute to a better understanding of the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in Posavina, a region which, according to the existing sporadic individual finds, belonged to Donja Dolina–Sanski Most cultural group. The significance of the settlement in Dolina is testified by numerous surface fi nds collected in fi elds – ceramic vessel fragments that can be dated between 11th and 7th centuries BC, even though finds of earlier pottery forms are probably not excluded either. More reliable stratigraphic indices can only be brought about by trial excavations. The excavation of tumulus 8 at Glavičice with two dikes and two incineration burials represents a significant discovery, not only from the aspect of the study of burial rites in Posavina, but also for a chronological determination of the finds collected within the Donja Dolina–Sanski Most group. In the bottom grave T. 8/2 a bronze pin with an ornamented neck was found, analogies of which are found in the neighboring settlement in Donja Dolina, where it was dated in stage Ic (Marić 1964: 31, T. V: 7) or stage 1 (Čović 1987: 238) which is associated with stage Ha B3. In the grave, fragments of a ceramic vessel were also found with richly curved and white incrusted decoration. Analogies are found within the central Bosnian group and in the east in the Lower Danube region in the so-called Bassarabian style. The younger grave T. 8/1 contained numerous fragments of bronze artefacts which mostly lost their original shape as they were incinerated with the deceased female as part of her costume. Analogies for a jug with a vertically cannelured belly were documented on Dalj group sites. The settlement on Babine Grede as well as the Glavičice cemetery with tumuli and the Draganje flat burials, i.e. several seasons of trial excavations on these sites, may bring about facts that will bring more light into the beginning of a new civilization era characterized by the appearance of iron artefacts, with which social and economic changes are linked that are partly evident in the beginning of burying prominent individuals in tumuli. Bearing in mind the significance of settlements and cemeteries in the neighboring Donja Dolina, there must have been a corresponding settlement also on the northern bank of the Sava River, through which intensive trade and exchange of ideas and goods between the east Alpine region and the Danube region, as well as between western Balkans and southern Pannonia took place.