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Tulathromycin is approved in the United States for the treatment of respiratory disease in bovine and swine, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis associated with Moraxella bovis, and interdigital necrobacillosis in bovine. This macrolide highly concentrates in lung tissue and persists in the intra-airway compartment for a long time after a single administration. It also accumulates in inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. This article reviews pharmacokinetic information about tulathromycin in different veterinary species with particular emphasis on the respiratory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in lung tissue homogenate ( LT) and plasma from healthy and lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-challenged pigs. Clinically healthy pigs were allocated to two dosing groups of 36 animals each (group 1 and 2). All animals were treated with tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg). Animals in group 2 were also challenged intratracheally with LPS from Escherichia coli ( LPS- Ec) 3 h prior to tulathromycin administration. Blood and LT samples were collected from all animals during 17-day post-tulathromycin administration. For LT, one sample from the middle ( ML) and caudal lobes ( CL) was taken. The concentration of tulathromycin was significantly lower in the ML after the intratracheal administration of LPS- E. coli ( P < 0.02). In healthy pigs and LPS-challenged animals, the distribution of the drug into the lungs was rapid and persisted at high levels for 17-day postadministration. The distribution of the drug within the lung seems to be homogenous, at least between the middle and caudal lobes within dosing groups. The concentration versus time profile of the drug and pharmacokinetic parameters in two different lung areas (middle and caudal lobe) were consistent within the groups. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in pulmonary and bronchial epithelial lining fluid ( PELF and BELF) from pigs. Clinically healthy pigs were allocated to two groups of 36 animals each. All animals were treated with tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg/i.m). Animals in group 2 were also challenged intratracheally with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 3 h prior to tulathromycin administration. Both PELF and BELF samples were harvested using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial micro-sampling probes, respectively. Samples were taken for 17 days post-tulathromycin administration. No statistical differences in the concentration of tulathromycin were observed in PELF between groups. The concentration vs. time profile in BELF was evaluated only in Group 1. Tulathromycin distributed rapidly and extensively into the airway compartments. The time to maximal ( Tmax) concentration was 6 h postdrug administration in PELF but 72 h post-tulathromycin administration for BELF. In group 2, the Tmax was seen at 24 h post-tulathromycin administration. The area under the concentration time curve (h*ng/mL) was 522 000, 348 000 and 1 290 000 for PELFGroup-1, PELFGroup-2, and BELFGroup-1, respectively. Tulathromycin not only distributed rapidly into intra-airway compartments at relatively high concentrations but also resided in the airway lining fluid for a long time (>4 days). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]