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Magistrsko delo obravnava mariborsko plemstvo v 15. stoletju. V uvodu so najprej prestavljena srednjeveška mesta na Slovenskem in plemstvo na Slovenskem. Nadalje je obravnavano mesto Maribor od časa njegovega nastanka in razvoja. Podrobneje je opisano mariborsko plemstvo skozi stoletja. Izpostavljene so ključne tematike, ki kažejo razlike med plemstvom in meščani ter podobnosti in razlike med visokim in nižjim oz. mestnim in plemstvom na deželi. Eden izmed ključnih ciljev je raziskati funkcije posameznega plemstva v mestu Maribor ter kako so te posredno in neposredno vplivale na njegov razvoj. Prav tako je cilj predstaviti odnos med knezom in njegovim plemstvom v 15. stoletju. V sklepu je predstavljeno, v čem se je mariborsko plemstvo v 15. stoletju razlikovalo od plemstva v 14. stoletju. Od 13. stoletja naprej so se v mestu Maribor pojavljali stalno naseljeni člani podeželskega plemstva ali nižjeplemiških rodbin iz gradov. Zasledimo lahko tudi posameznike, ki so se ločevali od meščanske skupnosti ter se niso vključevali v meščansko družabno življenje. Plemiči, ki so dobili mestne pravice ob preselitvi v mesto, so se vključili v mestno trgovino predvsem z vinom ter prevzemali meščanske družbene navade, hkrati so začeli posegati po uglednih službah in zasedati vodilne položaje mesta. Mesta so imela za višje plemstvo velik pomen, saj so se lahko z njimi ekonomsko okoristili. 15. stoletje je bilo stoletje sprememb, kriz, vojn, turških vpadov in čas, ko so se izoblikovali deželni stanovi. Večina plemiških družin se je sredi 15. stoletja imenovala po svojih fevdalnih sedežih, gradovih ali kraju, kjer so se trajneje naselili. Ponemčili so imena slovenskih toponimov in le peščica jih je obdržala slovensko obliko z nemško končnico (npr. Črnomaljski, Grimšici, Kozjaki, Strmolski, Podvinski itd.). The master’s thesis deals with the nobility of Maribor in the 15th century. In the introduction, the medieval towns of Slovenian ethnic territory and the nobility of the Slovenian ethnic territory are presented. The next chapter discusses the city of Maribor since its creation and development. The Maribor nobility and its development over the centuries are described in detail. Key issues are highlighted, showing the differences between the nobility and the citizens, as well as the similarities and differences between the higher and the lower nobility, or the nobility in the city and in the country. One of the ultimate goals was to explore the functions of particular nobility in the city of Maribor and how they indirectly and directly influenced the city’s development. Another goal was to present the relationship between the prince and his nobility in the 15th century. The conclusion presents the differences between the Maribor nobility of the 15th century and that of the 14th century. From the 13th century onwards, we can find members of the rural nobility or families of lower nobility from the castles permanently settled in the city of Maribor. We can also find individuals who were separated from the citizen community and did not engage in citizen social life. The nobles who gained citizenship when moving to the city joined the city's merchant life, especially the wine trade, and adopted social habits of the citizens. At the same time they began to occupy reputable employments and the leading positions in the city. Cities were of great importance for the higher nobility, as they could economically benefit from them. The 15th century is a century of changes, crises, wars, the Turkish invasions, as well as a time when the provincial Landstände were formed. In the middle of the 15th century, most aristocratic families were named after their feudal seats - castles or places where they settled permanently. The names of Slovenian toponyms were Germanified and only a handful of them retained the Slovenian form with a German extension (for example, Črnomaljski, Grimšici, Kozjak, Strmolski, Podvinski, etc.).

Magistrska naloga obravnava odnose med Mariborom in Ptujem v poznem srednjem veku. V ospredje je avtorica postavila spor glede vinske trgovine na spodnjem Štajerskem med salzburškim Ptujem in habsburškim Mariborom. Sprva je imel monopol nad vinsko trgovino Ptuj, potem ko so Habsburžani dobili Maribor v svoje roke, so strmeli k temu, da bi monopol dobili v svoje roke. Pri oviranju Ptuja so bili zelo uspešni, saj so izvajali točno določene trgovske poti, po katerih samo se je smelo trgovati. V t. i. vinsko vojno med omenjenima mestoma se vključijo še druga mesta, saj je vinska trgovina v tistem času nudila izjemne možnosti za luksuzno življenje. Trgovci, na splošno gledano, so bili v tistem času najbogatejši sloj prebivalstva, bogatejši celo od plemstva. Zato se začnejo v poznem srednjem veku plemstvo in tudi samostani vključevati v vinsko trgovino, kar je meščanom predstavljalo konkurenco, predvsem samostani, ki so od deželnega kneza dobivali najrazličnejše privilegije, seveda na škodo meščanskih trgovcev. Ti majhni konflikti so botrovali k izbruhu nesoglasij, in ne nazadnje vodili k pravi vinski vojni. Epilog je dobila vinska vojna šele na sredini 17. Stoletja leta 1654 skleneta obe mesti kompromis, ki ga potrdi tudi cesar Ferdinand III. Vinska trgovina se po podpisu sporazuma še močneje razbohoti. The MA thesis discusses the relationships between Maribor and Ptuj in the Late Middle Ages. The author puts to the forefront the dispute regarding the wine trade in the lower Styria region, between Ptuj, which at the time belonged to Salzburg, and Maribor, which was under the Habsburg imperial reign. The wine trade monopoly was primarily held by Ptuj however, as the Habsburgs conquered Maribor, they strove to obtain the monopoly. They were very successful at impeding Ptuj, since they used those specific trade routes which were only allowed to be used. Other towns also joined the so called wine war between the two mentioned towns, because the wine trade of that time offered outstanding opportunities for life of luxury. In general, merchants were the richest class of population, richer even than the nobility of that time. That was also one of the reasons as to why the nobility and the monasteries began to integrate into the wine trade in the Late Middle Ages. That way, the monasteries, which were receiving various privileges from the state prince, were mostly causing damage to bourgeois merchants, and thus presented their strong competition. Such small conflicts were responsible for the outburst of disagreements which finally lead to the wine war. The epilogue was not reached until the middle of the 17th century, when in 1654 both towns reached a compromise, ratified by emperor, Ferdinand III. The wine trade flourished beyond belief after the agreement had been signed.

Slovenska Bistrica leži na južnih obronkih Pohorja, neposredno ob vozlišču cest proti Ptuju, Mariboru in Celju. Nastala je iz štirih topografskih enot: cerkvenega kompleksa, dvora Bistrica, tržne naselbine in vasi Gradišče, ki je bilo tudi prvo jedro sedanje Slovenske Bistrice. Gradišče z bližnjo okolico je leta 1227 pridobilo trške pravice, leta 1310 pa je bilo povzdignjeno v mesto. Slovenska Bistrica se je v srednjem veku imenovala samo Bistrica (»Feistritz«), šele v 16. stoletju se je pojavilo ime Slovenska Bistrica (»Windischfeistritz«) za ločevanje od kraja Nemška Bistrica (»Deutschfeistritz«) pri Gradcu. V 15. stoletju je bila Bistrica neposredno vpletena v spopade med Habsburžani in Walseeji, v sedemletno celjsko-habsburško vojno, leta 1446 so Bistrico napadli Ogri, proti koncu 15. stoletja, v letih 1472, 1477, 1493 in 1494, pa so se pred Bistrico in v njeni bližnji okolici začeli pojavljati Turki. Za obrambo je mesto imelo zgrajeno utrjeno obzidje in stolpe, ki so služili tudi kot bivališče za mestne gospode. Grad ni imel pomembnega strateškega položaja, krepil se je le zaradi varnosti kot del obrambnega sistema mesta. Slovenska Bistrica je v srednjem veku bila del Slivniške pražupnije. Cerkev sv. Jerneja je bila zgrajena okoli leta 1200. Leta 1379 se v listinah prvič omenja kapela Naše ljube gospe, ki je bila predhodnica sedanje mestne Marijine cerkve. V Slovenski Bistrici so se okoli leta 1370 začeli pojavljati Judje, ki so kmalu ustanovili svojo skupnost, saj se v letih 1374 in 1441 v virih omenja judovsko pokopališče. Slovenska Bistrica se je v srednjem veku vseskozi zapletala v spore z mestoma Maribor in Ptuj za svoboden prevoz vina. Leta 1342 je bil sklenjen trgovinski sporazum med Slovensko Bistrico in Ptujem, ki je bistriškim meščanom omogočal udeležbo na ptujski tedenski tržnici. Trgovci v Slovenski Bistrici v virih niso omenjeni, najpogostejši obrtniki pa so bili mlinarji, peki, usnjarji, čevljarji, mesarji, zidarji, krojači, lončarji, kovači, ulivalci zvonov in steklarji. Slovenska Bistrica is set on the southern outskirts of Pohorje directly next to the road intersection to Ptuj, Maribor and Celje. It was formed from four topographic units: a church complex, the court Bistrica, a square settlement and the village Gradišče, which was also the first centre of current Slovenska Bistrica. Gradišče and his surrounding area obtained the rights of a square in 1227, which were then elevated into town rights in 1310. In medieval times Slovenska Bistrica was called only Bistrica (Germ. Feistritz), but it was in the 16th century when the name Slovenska Bistrica (Windischfeistritz) appeared only to separate itself from Nemška Bistrica (Deutschfeistritz) near Graz. In the 15th century Bistrica was directly involved in combats between the Habsburgs and Walsees, a seven year long Celje-Habsburg war. In 1446 Bistrca was attacked by the Hungarians, and at the end of the 15th century, in years 1472, 1477, 1493 and 1494, Turks started to appear in Bistrica and its vicinity. For defence puropses the town had fortified ramparts and towers that served as town's nobility residence as well. The castle had no strategic importance, it was only strengthened for town's safety, as a part of its defence system. Medieval Slovenska Bistrica was a part of Slivnica parish. The Cerkev sv. Jerneja (Saint Bartholomew Church) was built around year 1200. In 1379 the Kapela Naše ljube gospe (Chapel of Our Dear Lady), the predecessor of today's Marijina cerkev (Mary's Church), was first mentioned in documents. Jews started to appear in Slovenska Bistrica around 1370. They have soon founded their community, as documents mention a jewish graveyard in years 1374 and 1441. Medieval Slovenska Bistrica was constantly involved in disputes with towns of Maribor and Ptuj for free wine transport. In 1342 a trade agreement between Slovenska Bistrica and Ptuj was reached. It enabled the people of Bistrica to participate in Ptuj's weekly market. Documents do not mention traders in Slovenska Bistrica. Most common tradesmen were millers, bakers, tanners, shoemakers, butchers, bricklayers, tailors, potters, blacksmiths, bell pourers and glassmakers.

POVZETEK Magistrsko delo obravnava razvoj in nastanek mesta Slovenj Gradec v srednjem veku. Cilji magistrskega dela so prikazati vzroke za nastanek urbane naselbine, opisati razvoj in vse dejavnike, ki so vplivali na razvoj mesta v srednjem veku ter Slovenj Gradec predstaviti kot eno izmed bolj aktivnih, bogatih in pomembnih srednjeveških mest na Slovenskem. Srednjeveški Slovenj Gradec je nadaljeval kontinuiteto naseljenosti že iz antičnih časov, ko je na tem območju stala pomembna rimska naselbina – Colatio. Prva omemba kraja se v virih pojavi leta 1091, ko nastopi prvi lastnik gospoščine Slovenj Gradec Weriand de Grez. Skozi srednji vek je gospoščina zaradi svojega bogastva in pomembnosti menjala več lastnikov, med njimi najdemo pomembne plemiške družine, kot so Askvinski, Traungavci, Spanheimi, Andeški in tudi zadnji srednjeveški lastniki Habsburžani. V tem času je Slovenj Gradec leta 1251 prvič omenjen kot trg in leta 1267 kot mesto z vsemi mestnimi privilegijami. Gospoščina je bila sedež pomembne srednjveške župnije, župnije Svetega Pankracija, ki je bila v ena izmed vplivnješih na območju oglejskega patriarhata. Župniki Svetega Pankracija so nekajkrat opravljali tudi vlogo arhidiakona, kar še dodatno potrjuje dejstvo o pomembnosti župnije. Nedvomno je, da je mesto Slovenj Gradec bilo eno izmed starejših in pomembnejših mest v srednjem veku na Slovenskem. This thesis examines the emergence and development of the town of Slovenj Gradec in the medieval period. The goals of this work are to establish the reasons for its emergence, describe the settlement’s development and the factors that influenced it, and to present the town as one of the more active, wealthy and important settlements of the Middle Ages in the Slovene lands. The medieval town establishes continuity in human settlement of the area from Antiquity, when a Roman settlement of importance – Colatio stood there, to the Middle Ages. The first written record of Slovenj Gradec dates to 1091, when Weriand de Grez, the first owner of the estate, is mentioned. Due to its importance and wealth, the estate’s ownership kept changing regularly throughout the Middle Ages. Among the owners were many notable families, mainly the Houses of: Asquin, Traungau, Spanheim, Andechs, and Habsburg. In 1251, Slovenj Gradec was first mentioned as a market town and in 1267 as a city with full privileges. The estate was the seat of an important medieval parish – the parish of Saint Pancras (of Rome), one of the more influential parishes under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Parish priests were named to the position of Archdeacon several times, further demonstrating the parish’s importance. Undoubtedly, Slovenj Gradec is one of the older and more important medieval cities in the Slovene lands.