1. The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora.
- Author
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Luize BG, Tuomisto H, Ekelschot R, Dexter KG, Amaral ILD, Coelho LS, Matos FDA, Lima Filho DA, Salomão RP, Wittmann F, Castilho CV, Carim MJV, Guevara JE, Phillips OL, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Cardenas Revilla JD, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Cárdenas López D, Pitman NCA, Demarchi LO, Schöngart J, de Leão Novo EMM, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Mendoza AM, Montero JC, Costa FRC, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Castaño Arboleda N, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Rincón LM, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Mori GB, Farias ES, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Vasconcelos CC, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Cintra BBL, Baker TR, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Duivenvoorden JF, Peres CA, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, Draper FC, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Valverde FC, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Noronha JC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, Carpanedo RS, Carvalho FA, Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Hawes JE, Pansonato MP, Pipoly JJ 3rd, Paredes MR, Rodrigues DJ, Barlow J, Berenguer E, da Silva IB, Ferreira MJ, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Licona JC, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Durgante FM, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCM, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Endara MJ, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Monteiro Flores B, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Torres Montenegro L, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Pombo MM, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Vargas TM, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Fortier RP, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Hirota M, Palma-Silva C, and Ter Steege H
- Subjects
- Brazil, Biodiversity, Forests, Soil chemistry, Geography, Phylogeography, Trees
- Abstract
We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central-eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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