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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and treatment outcomes of inverted papillomas involving the frontal sinus. Methods: Patients treated for inverted papilloma involving the frontal sinus between 2003 and 2020 were reviewed. Tumors were classified based on their extent (Extent 1: partially encroaching on the frontal sinus; Extent 2: completely filling the frontal sinus; Extent 3: eroding bony borders beyond the frontal sinus) and site of origin (Origin 1: originating outside the frontal sinus and prolapsing into the frontal sinus; Origin 2: originating from the frontal sinus walls medial to the vertical plane of the lamina papyracea; Origin 3: originating from the frontal sinus walls lateral to the vertical plane of the lamina papyracea). Treatment outcomes including tumor recurrence and patency of the frontal recess were analyzed according to tumor characteristics and surgical treatment modalities. Results: A total of 49 surgical cases were analyzed. Extent 1 were the most common type (n = 27), followed by Extent 2 (n = 15), and Extent 3 (n = 7). The most common sites of origin were Origin 1 (n = 23), followed by Origin 2 (n = 15), and Origin 3 (n = 11). Overall, there were nine recurrences (18.4%). Recurrence was not associated with tumor extent, whereas tumor origin, particularly Origin 3 was associated with higher recurrence; 1/23 (4.3%) for Origin 1, 3/15 (20.0%) for Origin 2, and 5/11 (45.5%) for Origin 3 (Log‐rank p <.001). Draf III frontal sinusotomy was associated with in the highest patency rate (84.6%) during the follow‐up. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of frontal sinus inverted papilloma depends on tumor origin rather than the extent of the tumor. In particular, lesions originating from the frontal sinus lateral to the lamina papyracea recur frequently. Draf III frontal sinusotomy can achieve patent frontal recess allowing active surveillance. Level of Evidence: IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  Skull base osteoradionecrosis (SB-ORN) is a serious, potentially lethal complication of radiation therapy. We aimed to review the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SB-ORN according to the extent of treatment. Design  Retrospective analysis design was used for this study. Setting  The study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals. Participants  Patients included who had been clinically diagnosed with SB-ORN from January 2006 to 2017. Main Outcome Measures  Clinical characteristics, including demographics, predisposing factors, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes, were reviewed. Treatment was classified into conservative and aggressive types. Aggressive treatment included radical surgical removal of soft tissue and bony sequestrum with the placement of vascularized tissue. Treatment outcome was analyzed in terms of clinical control, survival, and carotid artery blow out. Results  Fifteen patients (11 males and 4 females) were identified during the study period. Eight patients were managed conservatively, whereas seven patients were managed with aggressive treatment. The 2-year survival was 75% in the aggressive treatment group and 15% in the conservative group (log-rank, p  = 0.049). The estimated 2-year blow out free rate was 46.7% for the conservative group and 100% for the aggressive group (log-rank, p  = 0.100). Conclusion  In patients with SB-ORN, aggressive management, including surgical removal of sequestrum and coverage with a pedicled flap, is associated with increased survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of age in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). 269 patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups based on tissue eosinophilia, defined by eosinophils accounting for more than 20% of the total inflammatory cells. Patients were then further divided into younger and older groups based on the age of 35 years. Clinical characteristics including blood eosinophil, Lund Mackay score, and modified Lund-Kennedy (mLK) scores were compared. Levels of 14 cytokines from nasal tissues of an additional 78 patients were analyzed. Tissue eosinophilia was significantly associated with age and the proportion of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP was significantly higher in younger patients as compared to older patients (79.2% vs 56.6%). There was no difference in clinical characteristics and cytokine levels between the younger and older patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. In contrast, in patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP, younger patients had significantly lower preoperative blood eosinophils and higher mLK scores at three and six months, postoperatively, compared to older patients. Alpha-1 antitrypsin and IL-5 levels were significantly lower in younger patients than in older patients in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. This study suggests a potential association between age, non-type 2 inflammation and treatment outcome in CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05614-z. Correction to: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05614-z, published online 31 January 2022 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jeong-Whun Kim which was incorrectly given as Jeong-Whum Kim. [Extracted from the article]

Conclusion: Systemic steroids improve nasal symptoms such as sneezing, purulent rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction in patients with nasal polyposis, regardless of measurable response to systemic steroid. A history of allergic rhinitis is an independent prognostic factor for favorable response of nasal polyposis to systemic steroid. Overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor β is associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate treatment outcomes and clinically useful predictive factors for systemic steroids in nasal polyposis. Methods: The study involved 47 consecutive patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis from December 2008 to May 2010. Twenty milligrams of prednisolone were administered daily for 14 days. The following parameters were analyzed: subjective nasal symptoms, history of allergic rhinitis and asthma, SNOT-20 score, olfactory function test, bronchial hyperreactivity, blood eosionophil count, atopy, Lund-Mackay score, tissue eosinophil infiltration ratio, and expression of glucocorticoid receptor α and β in the nasal polyp epithelium. Results: In all, 62% of the patients were responders, i.e. had a decreased polyp size >25% after treatment. SNOT-20 score tended to decrease for all patients but significantly only for the responder group ( p < 0.01). Eighteen of the responders had a medical history of allergic rhinitis, but only five of the nonresponders did ( p = 0.026, Odds ratio = 4.26). Responder group polyps showed significantly less immunoreactivity of glucocorticoid receptor β than polyps from the nonresponder group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Reconstruction of a large anterior skull base defect (SBD) with the nasoseptal flap (SF) is feasible in Asians. We consider the width of the SF to be the determining factor. Increasing flap width by incorporating the mucoperiosteum of the nasal floor can compensate for the relatively small septum in Asians. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of the SF for reconstruction of large anterior SBD in Koreans, and attempt to provide tips for improving its design. Methods: Radioanatomic measurements and intraoperative findings were analyzed. Specific skull base landmarks were measured to estimate the anticipated SBD and actual SBD. The length and width of the potential SF dimension was also measured and compared with the defect size to assess its feasibility. Results: The lengths of the actual SBDs were longer than those of anticipated SBDs in all patients, while the width of actual SBDs showed less discrepancy. Length and anterior width of the potential SF exceeded the needed SF dimensions in two patients, while the posterior width of potential SF fell short of the needed dimension. In both patients, the length of harvested SF was long enough to repair the entire length of SBD, while shortage of SF width was encountered in one patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients with advanced‐stage olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) who received induction chemotherapy (IC). Materials and methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with advanced‐stage ONB who received initial IC were retrospectively analyzed. The response was defined using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Patients with complete remission or partial remission were defined as responders. Results: Seventeen (44.7%) patients responded to IC. The response rate was higher in patients with high Hyams grade tumor (III/IV) compared to those with low‐grade tumors (I/II) (60% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.038). Overall, the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rate was 76.0%. Among nonresponders to IC, a significant difference in 5‐year CSS rates was observed between surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) (100%) versus definitive RT or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (68.6%) (log‐rank p = 0.006). However, for responders, there was no significant difference in 5‐year CSS rates between surgery with adjuvant therapy (75%) and definitive RT or CRT (51.1%) (log‐rank p = 0.536). When only high‐grade tumors were considered among responders, the 5‐year CSS rate was significantly higher in patients who received RT or CRT (51.4%) compared to those who underwent surgery with adjuvant therapy (0%) (log‐rank p = 0.008). Conclusion: In advanced‐stage ONB, RT or CRT may be preferable for high‐grade tumor responding to IC. Higher response rate and a potential role for induction IC in determining the optimal definitive treatment modality suggest a positive role for advanced‐stage high‐grade ONB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]