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Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the impact of shoulder surgeon volume of common shoulder procedures on hospital/surgeon efficiency, adverse events, and hospital costs. Methods: Four online databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL) were searched for literature on the influence of surgeon volume on outcomes for shoulder surgery, from data inception to October 1, 2020. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies tool was used to assess study quality. Data are presented descriptively. Results: Twelve studies encompassing 150,898 patients were included in this review. The distribution of surgery type was rotator cuff repair (53.7%; n = 81,066), shoulder arthroplasty (35.7%; n = 53,833), and ORIF (10.6%; n = 15,999). Higher surgeon volume for rotator cuff repairs was associated with lower surgical time, length of stay, costs, and reoperation/readmission rates. For shoulder arthroplasty, higher surgeon volume was associated with lower length of stay, costs, surgical time, non-routine disposition, blood loss, reoperation/readmission, and complications. As for ORIF, higher surgeon volume was associated with lower length of stay, costs, and complications. Conclusion: A high surgical volume leads to improved results for hospital/surgeon efficiency and reduces adverse events and hospital costs across various orthopaedic procedures. Hospitals and physicians can use this information to develop and adhere to policies and practices that contribute to more efficient and better-quality care for patients. Level of Evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to assess two macronutrient interventions in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary design to determine their effects on oral health. Materials and Methods: Participants (65–75 years old) with a body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m2 of a larger randomized control trial who consented to an oral health assessment were recruited. They had ad libitum access to one of four experimental diets (omnivorous higher fat or higher carbohydrate, semi‐vegetarian higher fat or higher carbohydrate) for 4 weeks. The periodontal examination included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. Oral plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected before and after the intervention. Results: Between baseline and follow up, the number of sites with a CAL <5 mm (mean difference [MD] −5.11 ± 9.68, p =.039) increased and the GCF amount (MD −23.42 ± 39.42 Periotron Units [PU], p =.050) decreased for the semi‐vegetarian high‐fat diet. For the mean proportion of sites with PPD reduction of >1 mm and CAL gain of >1 mm, significant differences were calculated between the diets investigated. The clinical parameters were not associated with changes in the oral microbiota. Conclusions: The results of this study provided evidence that a semi‐vegetarian high‐fat diet provides benefits to clinical parameters of periodontal health. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ACTRN12616001606471). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of current study is to observe the microstructure characterization, corrosion resistance and tensile behaviour of spray deposited 7055 aluminum alloy. The spray deposited aluminum alloy was subjected to extrusion at 703 K and then followed by solution treatment (743 K/1.6 h) and T76 aging treatment (393 K for 6 h + 433 K for 6 h). It was revealed that large fraction of fine η′ precipitates appeared after T76 treatment. The large fraction of fine precipitates was responsible for high tensile strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. The 7055-T76 heat-treated samples yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased gradually up to 498 K and decreased sharply above that temperature. On the other hand, the as-received 7055 Al alloy yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased dramatically after 398 K. The tensile fracture was occurred at elevated temperature owing to the growth of small voids and their agglomeration. • Dispersion of second phase and oxide layer improved corrosion resistance of 7055-T76. • Strength of 7055 Al alloy increased due to a large volume fraction of η′ precipitates at T76. • The YS and UTS of as received 7055 Al alloy was dropped dramatically after 398 K. • 7055-T76 Al alloy withstand up to 498 K and drops dramatically after 498 K. • The fracture was occurred by annihilate of dimples and agglomeration of voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]