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Context: Postoperative rehabilitation is critical to optimize outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the relationship between physical therapy (PT) and clinical outcomes is unclear. Objective: To describe PT characteristics following ACLR and to assess the relationships between PT characteristics, surgical procedure, and clinical outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): A total of 60 patients (31 females/29 males, age = 22.4 [9.2] y, height = 171.7 [9.9] cm, and mass = 70.2 [14.7] kg) with a history of primary unilateral ACLR (53.6% patellar tendon and 46.4% hamstring) participated. Intervention(s): Patients completed a performance assessment and rated subjective knee function prior to physician clearance (mean = 6.3 [1.3] mo postoperatively) and were contacted within 6 months of clearance to complete a PT questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: PT questionnaire item response, knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, peak isokinetic knee extension torque, single leg hop distance, and International Knee Documentation Committee were measured. Correlations assessed relationships between PT quantity and clinical outcomes. Independent t tests compared PT quantity and clinical outcomes based on return-to-sport status, readiness to return to sport, and surgical procedure. Results: Patients completed regular PT (2 d/wk, 25 wk, 58 visits) and were most likely to conclude when discharged by the therapist (68.3%). More than half (56.7%) returned to sport, yet most (73.3%) felt unready at discharge. Isokinetic torque was correlated with days of PT/week (r =.29, P =.03). Isokinetic torque and hop symmetry were reduced in patients who returned to sport (P <.05). Patients who felt ready to return completed fewer weeks of PT (P <.05). Patients with a patellar tendon graft completed more days of PT/week and total visits, but demonstrated lower MVIC torque, MVIC symmetry, and isokinetic symmetry (P <.05). Conclusions: Many patients felt unready to return to sport at PT discharge. PT frequency was associated with isokinetic torque, yet this relationship was small. Outcomes were reduced in patients who returned to sport, suggesting premature resumption of preinjury activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite recent advances in the treatment of hepatitis C, it is estimated that nearly 4 million Americans have a chronic form of the disease. Although research in lower-extremity arthroplasty suggests patients with hepatitis C are at risk for increased complications, including postoperative bleeding, acute postoperative infection, and general medical complications, no similar studies have investigated this question in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).Questions/purposes: We asked whether there is an increased risk of postoperative complications after TSA among patients who have hepatitis C, and if so, what complications in particular seem more likely to occur in this population?Methods: Patients who underwent TSA, including anatomic or reverse TSA, were identified in the PearlDiver database using ICD-9 procedure codes. This is a for-fee insurance patient-records database that contains more than 100 million individual patient records from 2005 to 2012. The Medicare data in the database are the complete 100% Medicare Standard Analytical File indexed to allow for patient tracking with time. Patients with hepatitis C who underwent shoulder arthroplasty then were identified using ICD-9 codes. Patients with hepatitis B coinfection or HIV were excluded. A control cohort of patients without hepatitis C who underwent TSA was created and matched to the study cohort based on age, sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. A total of 1466 patients with hepatitis C and 21,502 control patients were included. The two cohorts were statistically similar in terms of sex (53% females in study and control groups), age (nearly ½ of each cohort younger than 65 years), obesity (approximately 17% of each cohort were obese), diabetes (approximately 40% of each cohort had diabetes), and followup of each cohort occurred throughout the length of the database from 2005 to 2012. Postoperative complications were assessed using ICD-9 and Current Procedural Terminology codes and compared between cohorts.Results: Patients with hepatitis C, when compared with matched control subjects, had greater odds of infection within 3 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6; p = 0.015), 6 months (OR, 1.7; CI, 1.3-2.4; p = 0.001), and 1 year (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.7-2.7; p < 0.001); revision TSA within 1 year (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.1-2.9; p = 0.008) and 2 years (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.2-2.0; p = 0.001), dislocation within 1 year (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.2-2.2; p < 0.001); postoperative fracture within 1 year (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.2-2.6; p = 0.002); systemic or medical complications within 3 months (OR, 1.3; CI, 1.0-1.6; p = 0.022); and blood transfusion within 3 months (OR, 1.7; CI, 1.4-1.9; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Hepatitis C is associated with an increased risk for complications after TSA, including infection, dislocation, fracture, revision TSA, systemic complications, and blood transfusion compared with matched control subjects. Although this study is able to identify increased odds of complications in patients with hepatitis C, the mechanism by which these occur is likely not solely related to the virus, and is more likely related to a higher degree of case complexity in addition to other postoperative socioeconomic factors.Level Of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]