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The genus Aloe (family: Xanthorrhoeaceae) encompasses 490 shrubby-succulent-perennial species which are native to Africa. Among these, Aloe vera has grabbed the limelight in the arena of herbal medicine due to the presence of unique phytochemicals such as Aloin A and B, Homonataloin, Aloe emodin, acemannan etc. in its latex. Moreover, its leaf extract contains 99% water, and 75 active compounds including vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, and E), minerals (Zn, Se, Na, Mn, Mg, K, Cu, Cr, Ca), amino acids, and enzymes (peroxidase, lipase, cellulase, catalase, carboxypeptidase, bradykinase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase). Thus, Aloe vera is revered as a ‘wonder plant’ as it possesses multiple pharmaceutical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-hypertensive and its juice helps to cure gastrointestinal disorders, and dermal diseases, it also strengthens the immune system. Being a xerophyte, Aloe vera is commercially cultivated in many countries which include South Africa, America, Australia, India etc. The Aloe gel, is meticulously extracted, processed and stabilized before using it in preparation of various health care products. This review focuses on the explicit information on origin, botanical description, phytochemistry, nutritional and medicinal benefits, with special emphasis on value-added products of Aloe vera. The review revealed 46 value-added Aloe-products that are being manufactured by different companies worldwide. Thus, sustainable Aloe-cultivation must be ensured to meet the rising global demands for Aloe vera gel and allied products.

Background:: Aloe vera is a traditionally used plant for medicinal purposes, mostly as a cosmetic. The Aloe vera gel/extract/juice is being used in hair care, moisturizing, cleansing, and thickening agent in formulations. The Aloe vera gel is rarely used on burns, wounds, infections, and gastric diseases. Objectives:: To study the patents filed recently to understand the trend in the application of Aloe vera for therapeutic purposes. Methods:: This patent review focuses on granted patents during the year 2013-till 2020. The patents were analyzed and their therapeutic use was studied to assess the recent trends in Aloe vera formulations. Results:: Most of the patents of this article on skincare products and out of those maximum patents are on moisturizing compositions. Most of the patents are found in US jurisdiction and few in Europe and China. As there are certain restrictions on patenting inventions related to composition and natural products in various jurisdictions, patents are found in only a few jurisdictions. Conclusion:: The trend of use of Aloe vera is still towards cosmetic products also the Aloe vera is used in oral care composition, deodorant compositions, anti-inflammatory composition, vitamin compositions, antibiotic compositions, etc.

Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disorder that peaks in teenagers, but many men and women between 20-40 years of age are also affected by the disorder. For the treatment of acne, herbal medications are considered safer than allopathic medicines as allopathic medicines are associated with side effects, such as contact allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity, itching, and redness of the skin, etc. The present research work was performed to check the effectiveness of foaming face wash formulation containing Curcuma longa along with herbals excipient Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Citrus sinensis. Curcuma longa has been reported to contain active phytoconstituents having significant anti-microbial activity and being used locally for acne. Method: The plant materials Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Citrus sinensis were authenticated, and their extracts have been prepared using Soxhlet Apparatus and the resulting essential oil was analyzed for its physical properties. The foaming face wash was then prepared by using the herbal extracts with excipients that were free from sulfates, parabens, silicone, and petroleum products. Two formulations, A1and A2, have been prepared and their physicochemical studies were performed. The presence and efficacy of Curcuma longa in the suppression of Propionibacterium acnes were assessed by analytical methods and anti-microbial techniques, respectively. Skin irritation studies were conducted using Wistar rats by the scoring method. Accelerated stability studies were also performed for 60 days. Result: The physicochemical properties were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Analytical techniques like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Infra-Red spectral analysis confirmed the qualitative presence of Curcuminoid, which is a mixture of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin (4-hydroxycinnamoyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl) methane), and Bis- demethoxycurcumin (bis-(4-hydroxy cinnamoyl) methane) in the sample. The antibacterial activity of developed face wash assessed against Propionibacterium acnes was more than that of Clindamycin (10μg/ml). Also, the developed formulation showed very high activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis concerning the activity of the standard clindamycin. The prepared formulation showed no sign of localized reactions, which were confirmed by a skin irritation study, indicating the formulation was safe and compatible with the skin. Conclusion: Based on our study, it could be stated that the formulation has antimicrobial activity and could be used safely on human skin.

Diabetes is a significant public health issue. The global diabetes epidemic has had a tremendous impact on India, and the disease burden has increased dramatically. Diabetes is quickly increasing in prevalence, especially in Indian cities, according to data. Therefore, an ideal drug is sought that has better safety and tolerability and the most effective control of diabetes. Many effective medications come from plant sources. Natural products like onion and garlic can effectively control diabetes. In this review, we should pay attention to Aloe vera and its bioactive compounds, that with the development of traditional medicine, Aloe vera can be used to treat various diseases. Some reports have questioned the safety and efficacy of Aloe vera or its compounds, especially at different doses, and some studies have shown no side effects. In this review we also focus on benefits on human health so that Aloe vera is part of the daily diet in many countries and appears to be non-toxic, it is necessary to investigate whether aloe vera dietary supplement can be a beneficial preventive or nutritional mitigation strategy to reduce the effects of diabetes. This review focuses on Aloe vera and its biologically active compounds that play a role in the treatment or prevention of this morbid disease: diabetes, including its underlying mechanism of blood sugar lowering properties, and herbal products that have been marketed for the treatment of diabetes or the therapeutic effect of diabetes.

The present study was undertaken to clinically assess the synergistic effect of topically applied Aloe vera Chitosan to Chitosan alone on the healing of palatal donor sites in free gingival graft surgical procedures. 20 subjects (10 per group) were enrolled into this triple blinded randomized clinical trial, designed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera Chitosan to Chitosan on free gingival graft surgical wounds. Subjects were assigned to either Group A (aloe vera + Chitosan) or Group B (Chitosan alone). Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Wound healing index were recorded at 7th day, 14th day and 21 days postoperative. Results showed no statistical significance when considering VAS. However there was a statistical significance in wound healing (p=0.04) in group A when compared to group B from 14- 21st day postoperative. It is the first human trial and was a pilot study to assess the synergistic effect of Aloe vera and Chitosan on wound healing. The study has shown that a combination of both acts synergistically in accelerating healing especially in areas where faster healing is necessary to provide overall comfort to the patient. It is therefore a futuristic and a promising material as a surgical dressing with further longitudinal trials.

Uncontrolled use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of resistant bacteria. It has necessitated the evaluation of antibacterial activities and phylo-diversity of Aloe vera (also called Aloe barbadensis) plants as antimicrobial agent in Nigeria. Biotyped enteric bacilli of 251 strains obtained from fecal samples of patients with various gastro-intestinal complications are profiled for antibiogram. Resistant biotypes were assayed for susceptibility to Aloe vera latex and further evaluated for time-kill kinetics and phylo-diversity. More than 30% of enteric bacilli, including Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline respectively at MIC >16 µg/ml (p=0.004). Aloe vera latex significantly inhibited 39.5% resistant enteric biotypes with a significant average reduction of the viable count at 1xMIC and 2xMIC to less than 3.0 Log10CFU/mL after 24 hours. Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and anthraquinine in anti-enteric sap significantly correlated and regressed with antibacterial activity (p

Burns are one of the most prevalent and harmful types of trauma. Patients with critical thermal harm need immediate specialized care to minimize morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the curing possibility of chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel on the curing of full-thickness burn wounds in the Wistar albino model. Two full-thickness burn wounds were formed on the dorsum of each rat under general anesthesia. Burn wounds were cured with chitosan gel; chitosan/guar gum hydrogel; chitosan/Aloe Vera hydrogel; chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel, respectively. Healing was investigated based on the percentage of wound shrinkage, and surface area as well as histopathological and histomorphological observations. A significant decrease in the wound area and the epithelial gap was noticed in all groups, especially the wounds treated with chitosan/guar gum. Maximum angiogenesis was observed in the chitosan/Aloe Vera treated group. Chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera treated wounds demonstrated an enhancement in the thickness and integrity of collagen fibers and the highest score among fibroblast cells accumulation. Furthermore, the inflammatory cellular response and hyperemia were significantly higher in the control group when compared with those of other chitosan-based groups. Chitosan/guar gum/Aloe Vera hydrogel has a curing possibility and has presented the best healing result compared to other treatments for the restoration of full-thickness skin burn wounds in rats.

Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes.

Background: Aloe Vera contains many inorganic electrolytes like iron, potassium, chromium, copper, sodium, calcium, and zinc that are vital parts that induced the wound healing process as a result of the ability to prevent injury to the epithelium and promote healing of injured tissues. It improves healing by increasing the blood supply and oxygen to the area of injury tissue. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe Vera on wound healing in rats with full thickness flap and insertion of Aloe vera gel at the site of injury throughout analysis of the activity level of serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Patients and Methods: Fifty five male rats were randomly divided into three groups: A-Aloe vera gel (25 rats), subdivided into (5) subgroups as a test group, B- Chlorhexidine gel (25 rats) was also subdivided randomly into (5) subgroups as a test group. Each subgroup (5rats) was exposed to surgery and filled with (AV) and CHX gel in both. C-non-surgical control group (5 rats) to obtain baseline data. A sulcular full thickness flap incision was carried out between the two maxillary central incisors. Blood samples for immunological studies were collected by cardiac puncture, at times (3, 5, 7, 10, and14 days) for estimation of serum (IL-1β) levels using Indirect ELISA Technique in all groups. Results: A highly significant decrease of serum IL-1β in rat group (A) within 3 and 5days post-surgery, then the concentration of this cytokine started to increase on 7,10and 14days post-surgery, which is statistically non significantly affect with the control group (C), where it reaches the level of the control level before surgery. Conclusion: Aloe vera shows anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the inflammation of periodontal tissue post-surgery which could accelerate healing based on a significant increase in the level of serum (IL-1β), reaching the control level before surgery at 14days, post-surgery that indicated positive results of this study. Keywords: Aloe Vera, chlorhexidine, pro-inflammatory (IL-1β), surgical full thickness flap

Aims: This study aims to review the diverse uses of Aloe vera (true aloe) as well as the conservation measures and conventional cultivation techniques. Study Design: Best evidence review. Place and Duration of Study: Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Methodology: Search inputs such as Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis in conjunction with the following terms: ‘uses’, ‘overexploitation’, ‘conservation’, ‘policy’, ‘cultivation’, ‘yield’, and ‘agronomic practices’ were queried on several scientific databases. Search engines, were also queried for publications covering exploitation, conservation approaches, and cultivation requirements on Aloe vera. Other databases such as ScienceDirect and SciFinder were accessed for relevant papers and supplement acquired information after articles (outside the defined scope of the review) were excluded. Results: Aloe vera (true aloe) has been engaged particularly for medicinal and cosmetic purposes for thousands of years, and its utilization remains popular till date. Aloe vera is popularly valued for its natural products, including nutritional benefits in food, source of nectar for honey bees and nectarivorous birds and horticulture. In this study, several studies demonstrating the botanical characteristics and ecological adaptation of A. vera were discussed; agronomic techniques involving the requirements for land preparation, propagation and harvesting were also considered as well as the growth yield of the plant due to different soil types and nutrient applications. Conclusion: For the multifarous uses of Aloe vera, adequate policy should be appropriated to regions where this plant is put to industrial uses, over-exploited and threatened. Calcareous and non-calcareous soil have maximum yield on true aloe. Azotobacter chroococcum of strain 12 has turned out to be a good growth stimulant bacterium when treated with A. vera. Aloe rust and anthracnose disease are known fungal infections, while Aloe vera aphid (Aloephagus myersi) is an identified pest of the plant.

Skin injury is a major problem threatening human physical and mental health, and how to promote wound healing has been the focus. Developing new wound dressings is an important strategy in skin regeneration. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with a long history, complex constituents, and various pharmacological activities. Many studies have shown that A. vera plays an important role in promoting wound healing. Adding A. vera to wound dressing has become an ideal way. This review will describe the process of skin injury and wound healing and analyze the role of A. vera in wound healing. In addition, the types of wound dressing and the applications of A. vera in wound dressing will be discussed.

Aim and Background: Anti-inflammatory compounds are effective in improving the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aloe vera extract against the inflammatory factors affecting acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Materials and Methods: 32 male Wistar rats are divided into 4 groups of 8 including: control group, untreated colitis group, colitis group treated with aloe vera (200 mg / kg/ day) and sulfasalazine group as a standard treatment (500 mg /kg/ day) from two days before induction of colitis to 5 days after induction of colitis. Experimental colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of 2 ml of 3% acetic acid. Rats were sacrificed on the eighth day of induction of colitis and some factors involved in inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX II) and PGE2 levels in colon tissue were measured. Results: Inflammation induced in colon by acetic acid injection. Sulfasalazine and aloe vera reduced the inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and increased anti-inflammatory factor (interleukin-10) in colon tissue. But they had no effect on the COX II and PGE2 levels in colon tissue. Conclusion: The results suggested that aloe vera could possibly improve colitis by suppressing inflammatory promoting factors and increasing anti-inflammatory factors.

Aloe Vera, one of the recently developed medicinal plants, is of interest for its multiple effects and has also been shown to have antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer properties. Although it is known that the aloe vera family has protective effects on neurons, the neuroprotective effect of the aloe barbadensis miller plant has not yet been fully explained. Glufosinate is structurally similar to glutamate and is an herbicide that blocks glutamine synthetize. Glutamate has been shown to induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which causes toxicity. It is also known to induce oxidative stress in neurons. In our study, we exposed neuron culture to Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller plant (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µgr/ml doses) for 24 hours against glufosinate (200 mM) and glutamate (10-5 mM) toxicity. After 24 hours, MTT, TAC, and TOS analyzes were performed and the results were revealed.In our study, it was seen that the aqueous extract of aloe barbadensis miller plant, glufosinate, and glutamate, could preserve the vitality of neurons (89% protection in AVB 400 µgr/ml group). At the same time, it was seen that while increasing the antioxidant level in neurons, it decreased the oxidant level. The group that increases the antioxidant value best is AVB 400 µgr/ml (the group that increases it 1.4 times). According to the results we obtained, it was revealed that aloe vera and its components may have an effect on neuroprotection., Son zamanlarda geliştirilen şifalı bitkilerden biri olan Aloe Vera, çoklu etkileri ile ilgi görmekte ve ayrıca antibakteriyel, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğu da bilinmektedir. Aloe vera ailesinin nöronlar üzerinde koruyucu etkileri olduğu bilinmesine rağmen aloe barbadensis miller bitkisinin nöroprotektif etkisi henüz tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Glufosinat, yapısal olarak glutamata benzer ve glutamin sentetazı bloke eden bir herbisittir. Glutamatın toksisiteye neden olan siklooksijenaz-2'yi (COX-2) indüklediği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca nöronlarda oksidatif strese neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda nöron kültürünü glufosinat (200 mM) ve glutamat (10-5 mM) toksisitesine karşı koruması amacıyla Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller bitkisine (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ve 1600 µgr/ml) 24 saat süreyle maruz bıraktık. 24 saat sonra MTT, TAC ve TOS analizleri yapıldı ve sonuçlar açıklandı.Çalışmamızda aloe barbadensis miller bitkisinin sulu ekstresinin, glufosinat ve glutamat toksisitesine karşı nöron canlılığını koruyabildiği görüldü (AVB 400 µgr/ml grubunda 89% koruma). Aynı zamanda nöronlarda antioksidan seviyesini arttırırken oksidan seviyesini azalttığı görüldü. Antioksidan değerini en iyi artıran grup AVB 400 µgr/ml'dir (1.4 kat artıran grup). Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlara göre aloe vera ve bileşenlerinin nöroproteksiyon üzerinde etkisi olabileceği ortaya çıktı.

The demand for various unconventional foods to reduce the complications in both communicable and non-communicable diseases is increasing day by day. The aim of this review was to observe the efficacy of Aloe vera in hyperglycemia and in hyperlipidemia in vivo (both animals and humans). The studies of different authors were searched by using many scientific search engines such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, the database of Open Access Journals. There are 25 animal studies and 10 human studies included in this review. By analyzing data, data were extracted from selected articles that showed the effects of a different form of Aloe vera on diabetes and hyperlipidemia after consumption. The result of this review covers different doses and forms of Aloe vera, which were provided to target animals and humans for a different duration to achieve an outcome in those articles. Most of the studies showed a significant result that means Aloe vera has a positive effect on diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of action of Aloe vera as well as its efficacy and safety in the treatment of various diseases.

ackground and aims: Natural products, especially plant extracts, have opened up great opportunities in the field of drug progress due to their chemical variety. The genus Aloe has long been used for medicinal uses in countless parts of the world. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemicals and anti-cancer capabilities of Aloe rubroviolaceae, Aloe vera and Aloe sabaea flowers. Materials and Methods: The methanolic extracts of three types of plants traditionally used in Yemen to treat a variety of diseases have been tested in vitro for their potential anticancer activity on different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extracts of tested plants was determined using eleven strains of human cancer cells, namely: MCF-7 (breast cancer), PC-3 (prostate cancer), HEP-2 (human epithelial carcinoma), MNFS-60 (myelogenous leukemia), CACO (intestinal cancer), A-549 (lung adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical cancer), RD (rhabdomyosarcoma),HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT-116 (colon cancer), and CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary). A colorimetric sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of different extracts. Growth inhibition of 50% (IC50) for each extract was calculated from the optical density of treated and untreated cells. Doxorubicin, a broad-spectrum anticancer drug was used as a positive control. Results: More interesting cytotoxic activity was observed for Aloe vera extract more than Aloe sabaea and Aloe rubroviolaceae, extract. Conclusions: This study provides a preliminary screening for anti-proliferative activity of various Aloe species flowers extracts on different cancer cell lines. Different extracts of Aloe species significantly inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Further investigations are required to understand the possible mechanism(s) of action of these extract on various cancer cells and isolation of active phyto-chemicals.

Aloe vera is a kind of living pharmacy and has an antibacterial power. The antibacterial substances are saponin, tannin and flavonoid. Previous studies indicate that Aloe vera extracts have antibacterial effects against the growth of positive Gram bacteria, either inhibiting harmful Gram bacteria. The experiment was intended to observe the antibacterial effects of Aloe vera against Escherichia coli colonies. The Aloe vera extract can be done through maceration methods in five concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The experiments were using Escherichia coli which was performed on MH agar by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion. The result showed a clear zone near the discs containing Aloe vera extracts in 100% concentration. So, it can be concluded that Aloe vera has an antibacterial effectivity against the growth of Escherichia coli colonies in vitro. Key words: Extracts, Aloe vera, Escherichia coli.

Aloe vera contains a phenolic compound that has bioactive activity. Previous research showed that microencapsulation of aloe vera powder with maltodextrin as an encapsulation agent produced instant aloe vera with high antioxidative activity. The problem was the hygroscopic instant caused rapid moisture and oxygen absorption during storage, therefore decreasing the instant aloe vera antioxidative activity periodically. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidative activity stability of instant aloe vera during storage. The processing of instant aloe vera through a reconstituted aloe vera powder with water with a ratio of 1:120 and then added with 2.5% maltodextrin as the encapsulating agent. The solution was then inserted into a spray dryer with an inlet temperature of 130oC, an outlet temperature of 103oC, and the flow rate of the solution is 350.0 mL/h. The resulted instant aloe vera was divided into 15 packs with a weight of 25 g, and each sample was wrapped with polyethylene plastic film with 0.80 mm thickness and then was stored at 25oC with a relative humidity of 75%. The sample was conducted in triplicate. The moisture content, and antioxidative activity that was based on the ability to capture 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (RSA) and lipid peroxidation inhibition were analyzed every week until the critical condition was achieved at a moisture level of 12%. The research showed that the radical scavenging activity (RSA) and lipid peroxidation inhibition of instant aloe vera before storage were 16.34±1.22% and 39.33±1.68%, respectively, whereas in the critical condition the RSA was 3.63±0.04% and the lipid peroxidation inhibition was 22.31±0.02%. Based on their antioxidative activity, the appropriate storage time of instant aloe vera was about 12 weeks in polyethylene plastic film of 0.08 mm thickness

Aims: To identify the causal organisms of anthracnose disease of Aloe vera in Bangladesh and to manage this disease in field condition. Study Design: The experiment was designed by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiments were conducted in Natore, Bangladesh and the laboratory experiments were carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January, 2017 to December, 2018. Methodology: The causal organism Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was isolated by tissue plating method and identified based on morphological and cultural characteristics and that was confirmed by pathogenicity test. Infested farmer’s fields were selected in rainy season under natural epiphytic condition to evaluate the efficacy of eleven treatments. Results: Among the treatments, Bordeaux mixture gave best result against this disease. Moreover, Tilt 250 EC and Folicur 25 EC and Garlic bulb extract showed better effect against the disease than the other treatments. Lime also has moderate effect against anthracnose disease of A. vera. In 2017, after 4th spray, the lowest incidence was recorded in Bordeaux mixture (58.33%) which was statistically identical with Folicur (64.58%), Tilt (64.58%) and Garlic bulb extract (66.67%). Similarly, the lowest disease severity was found in Bordeaux mixture (3.55) followed by Folicur (5.67%), Tilt (6.67%) and Garlic bulb extract (7.67%). Similar result also found in 2018. After 4th spray, the lowest incidence was recorded in Bordeaux mixture (38.58%) which was statistically identical with Lime (41.66%) and Garlic bulb extract (45.83%). Similarly, the lowest disease severity was found in Bordeaux mixture (0.20%) followed by Lime (0.25%) and Garlic bulb extract (0.36%). Conclusion: Garlic bulb extract could be used as eco-friendly approach. Moreover, use of Bordeaux mixture is better than the traditional use of lime. From chemical pesticides, Tilt 250 EC and Folicur 25 EC could be used for controlling the disease as the last option.

Hand-washing is an important practice for healthcare in home and daily life preparations. Herbal based hand wash preparations are the most promising hand wash with natural antimicrobial effect. The present study was aimed to development and standardization of herbal hand wash with natural ingredients. In this study, two types of herbal hand wash were formulated with Neem and Aloe vera methanol extract. The herbal hand-wash A and herbal hand wash B, containing plant extract and other natural herbal ingredients in different compositions of ingredients. Herbal hand wash formulations were further evaluated for some parameters such as odor, color, pH, viscosity, foam height, foam retention and spreading potential. The quality of hand wash formulation was evaluated by skin irritation test, greasiness grittiness and homogeneity. The results indicated that all the developed formulations of hand wash A and B were in acceptable limits. The results of present study proved that the effective herbal hand wash were developed successfully by incorporating the herbal extracts using low cost indigenous technologies for better effect.

The objective of this study is to know the formula in making Aloe vera gel cream with VCO to create a scabies medicine and know which treatment gives the fastest healing effect of scabies in domestic cats in Mojokerto. The first step is to extract Aloe vera by infundation method, phytochemical identification test, making Aloe vera cream, testing the washing power of the cream, and testing the effect of Aloe vera gel cream on 32 cats suffering from scabies in Mojokerto, then the skin of cats suffering from scabies scraped and observed under a microscope to observe the ectoparasites that cause scabies in cats. Cats were divided into 4 treatments namely A, B, C, and D. The results of this study indicated skin scrapping on 32 cats scabies in Mojokerto, exist 26 cats that were positive for Notoedres cati, 2 cats positive for Sarcoptes scabieiand 4 cats are negative. Formulas used for the manufacture of creams included stearic acid, triethanolamine, adeps lanae, paraffin liquid, VCO, nipagin, nipasol, aquades, and Aloe vera. The results of the three groups of cream formulas B, C, D caused a significant cure in cats suffering from scabies compared to control group A.

The current research was aimed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract prepared from leaves of Aloe vera plant. The extract of Aloe vera was prepared in Methanol. Two extracts were prepared, one from whole leaf powder and the other from fresh Aloe vera gel. To determine the antibacterial efficacy of the given plant, Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method was performed. The standard antibiotic used was Gentamicin. Gentamicin showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis forming a zone of inhibition of 34mm in both. This research provides information about antibacterial susceptibility of aloe vera leaves (leaf powder and fresh gel) against two different bacteria: E.coli which is a gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus subtilis which is a gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial susceptibility test showed that the extract of leaf and the gel of Aloe vera inhibited the growth of both microorganisms during test. Growth of E,coli strain were inhibited more as compared to Bacillus subtilis because gram negative bacteria do not have lipopolysaccharide layer in their cell wall. Also the fresh gel Extract was more effective as compared to Aloe vera leaf powder.

Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae, the oldest medicinal herb ever found and the world's most common medicinal plant. It is known as Ghritkumari, is used in medicine sources of homeopathy, ayurvedic, and allopathy. The species is a good source of repository of chemical ingredients that shows a precise range of biological activities such as wound healing, burn treatment, mitigating frost bite damage, defense against, lung cancer, intestinal problems, x-ray damage to the body, raising and decreasing high density and low lipoprotein content, reduction of diabetic blood sugar, battle against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and strengthening of the immune system. Aloe vera leaves are used to create drinks, perfume, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments. The plant's key ingredients are different kinds of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, saponins, amino acids, and salicylic acids. The plant is a good source of antioxidants. It also contains folic acid and vitamin A, C, E and B12. Aloe vera gel includes important ingredients, including the essential amino acids required by the human body. The plant can be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. This research article is an effort towards Aloe Vera's industrial and ethnobotanical characteristics.

Herbal cosmetics are defined as beauty products which possess desirable physiological movement like recuperating, smoothing appearance, improving and molding properties due to the natural fixing.. Herbal Cream is a polyherbal plan that comprises of the concentrates of Aloe barbadensis, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa, Cedro oil, Myristica fragrans, Olium rosae (Rose Oil), Orange Oil, Daucus carota, Prunus dulcis and Ocimum sanctum.. Herbs such as aloe vera leaf, turmeric, banana, neem, papaya, cucumber and other plants are used as herbs in cosmetics. In the current exploration article, the polyherbal face cream is ready by utilizing following fixing that is concentrate of Curcuma longa, Solanum lycoperisum, Carica papaya, Daucus carota, rose oil, olive oil, almond oil, refined water. Solanum lycoperisum is utilized as an enemy of oxidant and forestalls the skin maturing.Olive oil moistures the skin, papaya nourishes the skin and curcumin acts as an antimicrobial agent. The skin maturing is essentially brought about by annihilation of collagen layer in skin which can be forestalled by utilizing almond oil. The pre-arranged polyherbal cream was assessed for the pH, spreadability, homogeneity, thickness, extrudability, invitro dissemination examines, color test, expulsion test, skin bothering and antimicrobial investigations. Among every one of the pre-arranged creams F2 and F3 is discovered to be best details as contrast with another. The total percent drug discharge from the pre-arranged polyherbal cream is discovered to be the 93%.

BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that accumulates in various organs such as liver, kidney, and other organs. It generates reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in pathological changes in the organs it accumulates in by depleting antioxidants. Apium graveolens (AG) and Aloe vera (AV) are rich sources of antioxidants. Zinc (Zn) is an important antioxidant trace element present in various tissues and this protects the organs from the toxic effects of cadmium. We wanted to compare the protective effect of AG and AV with and without Zn supplementation in Cd exposed liver and kidneys of Wistar rats. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were divided into 11 groups. The control group received only vehicle, the experimental groups were administered with 10 mg / Kg bw of CdCl2, 40mg / Kg bw of ZnCl2, 200 mg / Kg bw of AG and AV, 400mg / K bw AG and AV separately and in combination. After 56 days, the animals were sacrificed and histopathology was done. RESULTS Cd resulted in significant tissue damage of liver and kidney. AG, AV and Zn were able to offer protection to these tissues. CONCLUSIONS AG, AV and Zn by virtue of their antioxidant properties, protect the liver and kidney from damages due to Cd more effectively in rats. KEY WORDS Cadmium, Zinc, Kidney, Liver, Apium graveolens, Aloe vera

Objective: This study aims to prepare sterile gel containing aloe vera (AV) powder and evaluate its physicochemical properties after sterilization by gamma radiation. Methods: The gel was prepared using carbomer as stabilizer, and sterilized by gamma radiation. The physical stability was evaluated including organoleptic, pH, viscosity and sterilization. Furthermore, malic acid concentration was determined as a marker compound contained in the gel. Results: The gel was successfully prepared containing 20% AV powder and 25% carbomer. The physical properties including organoleptic, pH and viscosity were not significantly changed after sterilization, and also stable even after 28 storage days. Meanwhile, malic acid concentration before and after sterilization were 47.2 mg/ml and 43.9 mg/ml, respectively. This showed the physicochemical properties were not significantly different after sterilization. Conclusion: Gamma radiation is suitable to sterilize gel containing AV powder.

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases and usually affects almost everyone. Herbal remedies can be given to treat acne and do not cause side effects. The purpose of writing is to see the effectiveness of herbal remedies for healing acne. Methods: Recent literature reviews were conducted using the electronic databases of Pubmed, Wiley Online and Science Direct. The review method uses keyword terms and phrases of Herbal Medicine, Acne, and Facial Treatment. Results: From the results of 9 studies, it was found that there was anti-acne activity of herbal plants and was relatively safe because there were no severe side effects compared to conventional or synthetic treatments. And there is the effectiveness of herbal remedies for healing acne. Conclusion: Herbal plants have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Some of the recommended plants based on journal reviews for treating acne include: Nigela Sativa L, Amurense Phellodendron, Tea Tree Oil, Mangosteen Fruit Skin, Aloe Vera, Lavandulla, Paper Murbey, Green Tea, Hops, Aloe Ferox, Punica Granatum (Pomegranate).

This study focuses on testing the efficacy of herbal remedy used in many homes within the South-Eastern part of Nigeria to treat malaria and also the histopathological effect of the remedy on albino rats. Twenty rats were procured and distributed with five rats to one group. Group 1 received Garcinia kola and Aloe vera extracts, Group 2 received only G. kola extract, Group 3 is negative control and Group 4 is positive control. The treatment lasted for 21 days but parameters were monitored on day zero, second, third, fourth and 21st day. There was a sharp weight reduction of the albino rats at the third day, Group 1 recorded 107.21±15.46 as compared to the initial weight which was 116.18±14.94, but later increased at day 21. The weights across the groups at day three was statistically significant (p

Telah dilakukan uji sifat fisik sediaan cair handsanitizer herbal campuran dari sirih (Piper betle. L.), sereh wangi (Cymbopogon benardus L.), lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.), dan lemon (citrus aurantifolia L.). Tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, minyak atsiri, saponin, polifenol, dan tanin yang telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dari handsanitizer herbal yang meliputi: uji organoleptik, uji pH, dan Uji iritasi kulit. Metode penelitian adalah metode penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Hasil dari penelitian ini dari uji organoleptik yaitu handsanitizer ini berwarna hijau kekuningan, berbau, tidak terdapat pemisahan, dan berbentuk cair. Uji pH menunjukkan sebesar 5 dan tidak menunjukkan ruam kemerahan pada kulit saat dilakukan uji iritasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa handsanitizer campuran dari sirih (Piper betle. L.), sereh wangi (Cymbopogon benardus L.), lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.), dan lemon (Citrus aurantifolia L.). aman untuk digunakan dan telah memenuhi SNI.

Гепатит касаллигида фитотерапия, яъни, гиёҳлардан фойдаланиш жигар хужайраларидаги модда алмашинувини кучайтириш ҳисобига унинг фаолиятини яхшилашга қаратилган. Алоэ ўсимлиги фитомедицинада ишлатиладиган етакчи маҳсулотлардан биридир. Алоэ жигар фаолиятига ва ўт қопи ишига ижобий таъсир қилади. Гиёҳларнинг дамламаларини ичиш антибактериал, ўт хайдовчи, яллиғланишга қарши ва спазмолитик таъсир қилиб, жигар тўқималаридаги салбий ўзгаришларнинг олдини олади. Лекин, сўнгги йилларда клиник амалиётда алоэ билан қўзғатилган токсик гепатитнинг бир нечта ҳолатлари қайд этилган. Оғиз орқали алоэ вера ва бошқа ўсимлик маҳсулотларини кенг қўллаш токсик гепатит холатига олиб келиши эхтимолини орттиради. Айниқса сурункали жигар касаллиги бор беморларни ахволини оғирлаштириши мумкин. Мазкур мақола алоэ ўсимлигини жигар фаолиятига таъсирини очиб беради.

Plants have been used since ancient times in folk medicine, involving all medical traditions. Many plants and plant derived antimicrobial components are used in folklore therapeutics for oral hygiene. Salvia officinalis and Aloe vera extracts were assayed for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacteria that were identified biochemically and by VITEK2 system. The test of antibiotic susceptibility showed the resistance of the two isolates to at least ten antibiotics used in this study. In vitro investigations of nine Egyptian plant extracts showed that ethanolic Aloe vera and ethanolic Salvia officinalis extracts could exhibit an antibacterial activity against human pathogenic isolates and inhibition zones of 16.333±0.58 and 13.0 ±1.0 mm were observed when Salvia officinalis extract applied against the above-mentioned bacteria, while the inhibition zones of 13.333±0.58 and 11.667±0.58 mm were observed by Aloe vera extract.

The conviction that herbal drugs have enormous health benefits has led to increase the rate of their consumption by Nigerians. The aim of this study was to assess the carcinogenic property of some popularly consumed anti-diarrheal herbal drugs via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) quantification. Three prevalent anti-diarrhea herbal drugs , Odunmo herbal drug (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Bacopamonnieri), Orogun herbal mixture (Hibiscus sabdariffaI and Hedera helix), and Alora herbal syrup (Aloe vera and Hibiscus sabdariffaI) were bought for the purpose of this study and they were coded as samples A, B, and C, respectively. The ultrasonic extraction of the herbal drugs was carried out using standard procedures. The crude extracts obtained were purified using a chromatographic method. The concentrations of PAHs were quantified using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GCFID). The diagnostic indices, group distribution, toxicity equivalence and exposure dosage were estimated. The cancer risk values were theoretically speculated based on concentrations of PAHs in the tested herbal drugs, associated with the published estimates of each concentration to cause cancer and the calculated exposure doses of the anti-diarrhea herbal drug samples were within three age groups (children, Preteen and adult). The highest concentration of total PAHs was observed in sample A (58.2815mg/kg) and the lowest concentration in sample B (44.1898mg/kg), but the concentration of total PAHs in sample C was 47.4169 mg/kg. The highest percentage of carcinogenic PAHs in the anti-diarrheal herbal drugs was found in sample C (48.66%) and the lowest in sample B (38.17%). The diagnostic indices confirmed a pyrogenic source of PAHs. Group distribution of PAHs showed that the herbal drugs are weakly carcinogenic due to high concentrations of low and moderate molecular weight PAHs. The cancer risk estimated for all the age groups where below the limit established by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for cancer (1 x 10-6). This ascertained that the use of these herbal drugs cannot cause cancer. However, consumers of these herbal drugs should take necessary precautions as excessive intake can lead to dangerous health implications.

Biocellulose mask sheet is a new found pharmaceutical cosmetic design that widely commercial. Mostly due to it’s biodegradable properties, provide an eco-friendly waste. Combination of Aloe vera essence (AE) and Vit E to provide and determine it’s respective anti-acne properties in biocellulose mask form. Formulation of biocellulose mask with the help of Acetobacter xylinum bacteria varied with different formulae: F1 (Vitamin E 1%), F2 (E 2.5 %), F3 (AE 5%), F4 (AE 2.5%+Vit E 1%) and F5 (AE 5%+Vit E 1%) followed antimicrobials test with common acne bacteria by diffusion disk against Propionibacterium acne (PAC) ATCC 6919 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAA) ATCC 27853. Study revealed that each formulae design F1; F2; F3; F4; F5 tested against PAC diffusion disk resulted 7.86; 11.67; 10.13; 112.10; 10.33 mm respectively. As for PAA diffusion disk resulted 7.76; 11.63; 10.33; 11.67; 11.00 mm respectively. Biocellulose mask containing combination of AE 2.5% and Vit E (F4) would provide the best anti-acne activity amongst other formulae.

Introduction: Nosocomial infections are caused by the retrograde spread of viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens from the hospital environment to the patients. Despite the efforts to avoid cross-infection in the dental office using sterilized instruments, individual protection equipment, and disinfection procedures, there is an increased risk of cross-infection through dental units, since one dental chair is used to treat many patients. Materials and methods: Seven strains of micro-organisms- Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, E. coli, and Legionella were taken. Neem extract, Aloe Vera Juice, and 0.2% chlorhexidine were tested against all these organisms. Sterile discs were incorporated with an equal amount of prepared formulations using a micropipette. Then these discs were placed equidistant to each other following which these plates were incubated for 24 hours. Results: Zone of inhibition was higher in chlorhexidine 12mm, 22mm, 11mm, 8mm, 18mm, 12mm, 11mm, 14mm and 15 mm followed by neem extract 7mm, no inhibition, 10mm, 7mm, 11mm, 7mm, 11mm and 9 mm and no inhibition by Aloe Vera juice against Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus Aureus, Candida albicans, E.coli and Legionella respectively. Conclusion: Results from this study have shown that chlorhexidine was most effective against dental unit waterline pathogens followed by neem extract and least by Aloe Vera juice.