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Begonia fritschiana from Mindanao Island is described as a new species endemic to the Philippines. This is the latest addition to the species-rich Begonia section Baryandra. It resembles Begonia caramoanensis but is distinguished by the consistent obliquely ovate leaves with shorter petioles, lamina glaucous abaxially and with marginal hairs, mostly solitary to singly-branched inflorescences with shorter white-glandular hairs on the pedicels and peduncle, one of the outer tepals pink, and glabrous ovary and ovary wings. Begonia fritschiana is known only from the type locality with one population and less than 100 individuals. The area is not currently protected under the country’s National Integrated Protected Areas System by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Because of ongoing threats such as illegal logging, poaching, and over collection of biological resources, the single area of occurrence with estimated extent < 10 km2, and the small number of < 100 individuals, we recommend a classification of B. fritschiana as Critically Endangered.

The invasion of alien plants into the territory of Georgia started in ancient times and continues today. Sicyos angulatus L., a species of North American origin, is an example of such an invasion. The first established populations of S. angulatus occurrence in Georgia were observed in 2012. Since then, new localities have been recorded, both in agricultural and disturbed natural communities. The species, which has easily adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, is expanding every year and is already widely spread in west Georgia. The plant is characterized by fast and intense growth and a climbing habit using other plants as a support. In this contribution, the peculiarities of its distribution in Georgia and the morphological features and life-history characteristics of Georgian populations are provided.

To have an insight into the karyotype variation of eight Cucurbitaceae crops including Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, 1753, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, 1753, Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg, 1794) Matsumura et Nakai, 1916, Benincasa hispida (Thunberg, 1784) Cogniaux, 1881, Momordica charantia Linnaeus, 1753, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus, 1753) Roemer, 1846, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida (Thunberg, 1783) Hara, 1948 and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret, 1819, well morphologically differentiated mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared using the enzymatic maceration and flame-drying method, and the chromosomal distribution of heterochromatin and 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA genes (45S rDNA) was investigated using sequential combined PI and DAPI (CPD) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S rDNA probe. Detailed karyotypes were established using the dataset of chromosome measurements, fluorochrome bands and rDNA FISH signals. Four karyotype asymmetry indices, CVCI, CVCL, MCA and Stebbins’ category, were measured to elucidate the karyological relationships among species. All the species studied had symmetrical karyotypes composed of metacentric and submetacentric or only metacentric chromosomes, but their karyotype structure can be discriminated by the scatter plot of MCA vs. CVCL. The karyological relationships among these species revealed by PCoA based on x, 2n, TCL, MCA, CVCL and CVCI was basically in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships revealed by DNA sequences. CPD staining revealed all 45S rDNA sites in all species, (peri)centromeric GC-rich heterochromatin in C. sativus, C. melo, C. lanatus, M. charantia and L. cylindrica, terminal GC-rich heterochromatin in C. sativus. DAPI counterstaining after FISH revealed pericentromeric DAPI+ heterochromatin in C. moschata. rDNA FISH detected two 45S loci in five species and five 45S loci in three species. Among these 45S loci, most were located at the terminals of chromosome arms, and a few in the proximal regions. In C. sativus, individual chromosomes can be precisely distinguished by the CPD band and 45S rDNA signal patterns, providing an easy method for chromosome identification of cucumber. The genome differentiation among these species was discussed in terms of genome size, heterochromatin, 45S rDNA site, and karyotype asymmetry based on the data of this study and previous reports.

Begonia altimontana, B. inumbrata and B. pedrabrancencis (Begoniaceae) are species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest, an area rich in endemism and species diversity, and are described and illustrated herein. Begonia altimontana resembles B. olsoniae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub., B. princeps A.DC. and B. ramentacea Paxton in the shape of leaf blades and squamulose petioles, and is found in the same habit (rocky slopes and outcrops). Begonia inumbrata resembles B. fluminensis Brade in the shape of the leaf blades and fruit, and B. pedrabrancencis is morphological similar to B. bidentata Raddi sharing the same shape of the leaf blades and venation. We place both new species in Begonia sect. Pritzelia, based on their similarity to other species in the section, however this section is highly polymorphic, and we highlight that further work is needed on sectional placement. The lectotype of Begonia bidentata Raddi is designated here and we also lectotypified B. ramentacea Paxton using an illustration and designated an epitype.

Begonia tetrandra Irmsch, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 74 (4): 626 (Irmscher 1949). – Type: ECUADOR – Prov. Tunguahara • Valley of the Pastaza River, between Baños and Cashurco, 8 hours east of Baños; 1300–1800 m a.s.l.; 25 Sep. 1923; A. S. Hitchcock 21889; syntype: US [US 00221970]). – PERU • Lobb s.n.; syntype: W [n.v.]. Brako & Zarucchi (1993: 195). Notes Brako & Zarucchi (1993) included B. tetrandra Irmsch. in the latest checklist of Peruvian Begonia based upon Lobb s.n. (W), a syntype of the name. We have not seen this specimen so, following Smith & Wasshausen (1986), treat the species as endemic to Ecuador and exclude the name from our treatment.

Begonia anemonoides Haenke Voyages dans l’Amérique Méridionale depuis 1781-1801 2: 503 (Haenke 1809). – Type: unknown. Notes This species was described as abundant in the Andes Mountains of “Peruvia”. At the turn of the 19 th Century “Peruvia” referred to the Viceroyalty of Peru including much of modern-day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. It remains very unclear where Haenke encountered this species. Furthermore, no type material of the species was cited in the protologue, but it is possible that some original material remains undiscovered among the specimens housed in PR herbarium. The protologue describes the species as tuberous with flowers resembling those of an Anemone, and while this is not sufficient for identification it seems likely that this refers to a member of the octopetala group of B. sect. Eupetalum (Tebbitt 2015). The only member of the octopetala group described before 1809 was B. octopetala so B. anemonoides Haenke may be an earlier name for any other species in this group. The discovery of original material and lectotypification of B. anemonoides should be a priority for any future work on Peruvian or tuberous Andean Begonia, and if this is not possible the name should be rejected.

Begonia sect. Doratometra (Klotzsch) A.DC. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 15 (1): 383 (de Candolle 1864). – Doratometra Klotzsch, Gattungen und Arten 1854: 127 (Klotzsch 1855). – Type: holotype: Doratometra wallichiana Klotzsch = Begonia wallichiana Lehm. Synonymy notes For a full list of sectional synonyms, see Moonlight et al. (2018). Notes A small section of diminutive, annual, or short-lived species of Begonia. Within Peru, the section is represented by two species which are distinguished from B. sect. Ephemera by their palmate-pinnate rather than palmate venation.

Begonia falcifolia Hook.f. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 94: t. 5707 (Hooker 1868). – Type: hort. Kew; coll. unknown s.n.; holotype: K [K000739972]. Brako & Zarucchi (1993: 192); León & Monsalve (2006: 166). Notes This species was described from plants grown in the glasshouses of Kew Gardens, which J.D. Hooker stated in the protologue were collected in Peru by Pearce and given to Kew by Veitch Nurseries (Hooker 1868). The illustration and type specimen are however of a species closely allied to B. malabarica Lam., a species from southern India and Sri Lanka. Plant hunters from both Kew Gardens and Veitch Nurseries had collected in this area by this date, so it seems likely this is an Indian species whose providence was confused in either institution.

Moonlight, Peter. W., Jara-Muñoz, Orlando A., Purvis, David A., Delves, Jay, Allen, Josh P., Reynel, Carlos (2023): The genus Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Peru. European Journal of Taxonomy 881: 1-334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.881.2175, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.881.2175

Begonia marinae Tebbitt. Novon 23 (4): 481, fig. 1 (Tebbitt 2015). – Type: BOLIVIA – Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Vallegrande • Rd. from Pucará to Alto Seco, N & NE facing open slopes in remnant Tucomano forest; 18°44′ S, 64°06′ W; 2727 m a.s.l.; 12 Jan. 2012; M. C. Tebbitt 724; holotype: UCZ; isotype: UCZ [2]. Begonia octopetala auct. non L’Hér.: Griseb., Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 19: 148 (Grisebach 1874). Notes Bolivian specimens of this species were identified as B. octopetala by Grisebach (1874). Some of these specimens were mistakenly cited as from Peru.

Begonia patula Haw. Supplementum Plantarum Succulentarum: 100 (Haworth 1819). – Type: unknown. Otto & Dietrich (1836: 358); Klotzsch (1855: 150); Walpers (1843a: 215, 1858: 879); de Candolle (1861: 348, 1864: 302); Smith & Schubert (1950: 245); Smith & Smith (1971: 49); Jacques & Mamede (2005: 581). Notes This name was published by Haworth based upon plants cultivated in Loddiges’ nursery in Hackney in 1816 (Haworth 1819: 100). The plants had arrived at Loddiges’ from Mr Gulielmo Anderson, who had in turn received them from Mr C.F. Otto in 1811, the inspector of Berlin Botanical Gardens. The description in the protologue is insufficient for identification and there is no illustration. Most of Haworth’s specimens are deposited in Kew and Oxford herbaria, but we have found no material labelled with this name that predates the publication of the protologue so could be considered type material. It is possible that there is original material among the cultivated material in Kew or Berlin herbarium. We however consider it extremely unlikely that it will ever be possible to determine to which species this name belongs and follow Jacques & Mamede (2005) in suggesting the name is rejected. We cite B. patula Haw. here because it has frequently been considered the same species as B. fischeri and was published earlier. The first suggestion of this derives from the protologue of B. pauciflora (Lindley 1820: t. 471), which is now considered a synonym of B. fischeri. Lindley considered B. patula Haw. a probable synonym of B. pauciflora, contrary to the principle of priority. Haworth (1821b: cc) later published an addendum in Edward’s Botanical Register, which stated that B. pauciflora and B. patula Haw. were different species. Later authors including Walpers (1843a: 215), Klotzsch (1855: 150), and Smith & Schubert (1950: 245) disregarded this and considered B. patula Haw. an earlier name for B. pauciflora. Alphonse de Candolle (1861: 348; 1864: 302) further confused matters by citing Klotzsch’s 1855 citation of B. patula Haw. as ‘ Begonia patula Klotzsch’, excluding B. paucifolia from the citation and only doubtfully including B. patula Haw. in synonymy. Smith & Wasshausen (1979) were the first to recognise that B. patula Haw. may not be the same species as B. pauciflora, and also the first to cite B. fischeri as the same species as B. pauciflora. In the synonymy of B. fischeri, they cited ‘ Begonia patula sensu Klotzsch non Haw.&rsquo

We established in vivo models of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) to determine the cardioprotective effect of Spirulina platensis (Spi), Momordica charantia fruit (MC) and their combination. MI was induced in six groups of Male Wistar albino with isoproterenol, and cardioprotection was evaluated by measuring SGOT, SGPT, LDH, CK, CK-MB with commercially available test kits and analyzing histopathology. Online PASS was used to predict the mechanism of action of a marker compound in Spi and MC. Rat serum levels of LDH, SGOT, CK-MB, and CK were significantly reduced by the Spi and MC combination extract (P < 0.05). The combination extract at a dose of 50:50 mg/kg body weight preserve the integrity of the myocardial cell membrane. Identified compounds by LC-MS/MS in the ethanol extract of Momordica charantia are (3β,16α-Dihydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid), Eclalbasaponin II, Epianhydrobelachinal, Epianhydrobelachinal, Paeonenolide F, Ziyu glycoside II. Identified compounds by LC-MS/MS in Spirulina platensis extract are d-Lirioferine, Lycopodine, Yuanhunine, Candidate Mass C18H26N2O5 and Candidate Mass C36H38N4O5. In PASS analysis, Phycocyanobilin's cardioprotective mechanism of action is predicted to be kinase inhibitor, cytoprotectant, and platelet aggregation inhibitor, with Probable activities (Pa) of 0.06, 0.53, and 0.443, respectively. The Pa values for cholesterol antagonist, proliferative disease treatment, nitric oxide scavenger, and anti-inflammatory agents in Momordicoside A are respectively 0.841, 0.666, 0.59, and 0.55. These findings suggest that the cardioprotective activity of the combination of Spi and MC extracts at a dose of 50 mg/kg was synergistic.

Begonia adscendens C.B. Clarke (1890: 26). Type:— INDIA. Nagaland: Naga Hills, Jakpho, ix 1937, C. B . Clarke 41240 (lectotype K [K000634623]). Distribution and ecology:— Begonia adscendens is a relatively widespread species from northeastern India to Myanmar and Laos, where it is epiphytic on cliffs or rocks in montane cloud forests. In Vietnam, it grows on nearly vertical rock faces from the cliff base in semi-shaded areas at 2,000 –2,200 m elevation in Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District, Son La Province (Fig. 1). It can be easily distinguished from other Vietnamese tuberous begonias by having glabrous petioles and peduncles, sub-asymmetric lamina with a glabrous adaxial surface, 4-tepaled staminate flowers and 5-tepaled pistillate flowers, outer tepals sparsely pale puberulous on reverse, ovary 3-locular with bifid placentation, abaxial wing reaching up past the apex of the fruit capsule. Specimen examined:— VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Ngoc Chien Commune, 2,100 m elevation, 17 September 2022, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Thi Thanh Ha Do, Thi Hanh Le, Minh Duc Lo, Heidi Zimmer, Lo Van Chieu, Sung A Giang & Sung A Chu SCU2022-02 (VAFS)., Published as part of Bon, Trinh Ngoc, Do, Thi Thanh Ha, Le, Thi Hanh, Lo, Minh Duc, Zimmer, Heidi & Lin, Che- Wei, 2023, Begonia saxifragoides sp. nov. and two new records of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from northern Vietnam, pp. 16-24 in Phytotaxa 600 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8054131, {"references":["Clarke, C. B. (1890) On the plants of Kohima and Muneypore. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 25: 1 - 107."]}

Begonia saxifragoides T.N.Bon & C.W.Lin, sp. nov. § Platycentrum (Figs. 2 & 3). Type: — VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Ngoc Chien Commune, 1,900 m elevation, 18 September 2022, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Thi Thanh Ha Do, Thi Hanh Le, Minh Duc Lo, Heidi Zimmer, Lo Van Chieu, Sung A Giang & Sung A Chu SCU2022-03 (Holotype VAFS). Monoecious rhizomatous herb. Rhizome stout, greyish-red to reddish-brown, 10−15 cm or longer, 8−12 mm thick, internodes congested, densely pilose or villous. Stipules persistent, reddish-brown, triangular, ca. 5 × 6 mm, herbaceous, strongly keeled, midrib scattered with hirsute, margin entire, apex aristate, arista 2.5–5 mm long. Leaves alternate, petiole terete, greyish-red to pale brownish-red, 9−13 cm long, 3.5−4.5 mm diameter, densely rosy pink to white pilose or villous, turning pale brown with age; leaf blade asymmetric, oblique, orbicular to reniform, 6.5−8.3 × 6.7–9 cm, broadside 3.6–5.4 cm wide, basal lobes cordate, 1.5–2.2 cm long, apex rounded, margin denticulate to crenulate, recurved and undulated, with a line of magenta to white pilose or puberulous hairs; leaf thinly coriaceous, succulent, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, greyish-green to olive green, venation blackish-green and slightly impressed; abaxially pale reddish-green to magenta; venation basally ca. eight palmate, primary veins branching dichotomously or nearly so, tertiary veins reticulate; all veins densely pink to magenta pilose or puberulous on abaxial surface. Inflorescences axillary, bisexual, cymose arising directly from the rhizome, ca. two orders of branching; peduncle pink to red, 5.5−7 cm long, pinkish-white pilose or villous. Bracts caducous, yellowish-green to pinkish-green, at basal node of inflorescence ovate, ca. 6.5 × 3 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose or glabrous, margin fimbriate; bracts on upper nodes similar but gradually smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel pinkish-yellow to pale pinkish-green, 8−10 mm long, sparsely pilose, tepals 4, pinkish-white to pink, outer two suborbicular to widely obovate, 8.5−13 × 10−15 mm, abaxially pilose or villous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner two narrowly obovate to oblong, 8−10 × 4−5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded; androecium zygomorphic, 3.5−5 mm across; stamens yellow, 40−45; filaments ca. 1.3 mm long, fused at base; anthers oblong to obovate, ca. 1 mm long, 2-locular, apex retuse. Pistillate flower: pedicel pinkish-white to pale pinkish-green, 6−8 mm long, very sparsely pilose or glandular hairs, tepals 3, whitish-pink; outer two suborbicular to very widely obovate, 8.5−9 × 10−12 mm, abaxially pilose or puberulous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner one oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, ca. 7.5 × 3 mm, apex obtuse; ovary widely trigonous-globose, 2.5–4 mm long, 3–4.5 mm thick (wings excluded), rosy pink to pale pinkish-yellow, sparsely pilose or glandular hairs; 3-winged, wings unequal, pinkish-white to yellowish-pink, sparsely pilose or glandular hairs, margin entire; wings triangular to falcate, 3.5–4.5 mm long, lateral wings narrower, 1.5–2 mm wide, abaxial wing 3–4 mm wide; ovary 3- locular, placentae bilamellate; styles 3, C-shaped, shortly fused at base, golden yellow, ca. 3.5 mm long, stigma slightly spirally twisted. Capsule body trigonous-globose, 6–7 mm long, 8–9.5 mm thick (wings excluded), yellowish-red to reddish-green when fresh; wings unequal, ca. 10 mm long, lateral wings triangular, 3–4 mm wide, abaxial wing triangular to falcate, 8–9 mm wide, truncate distally, rounded proximally. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District, Son La Province: northern Vietnam (Fig. 1). Grows on mossy cliff faces or steep slopes in semi-shaded and consistently humid areas in montane cloud forest at 1,200 –1,900 m elevation. Begonia saxifragoides is only known from a secondary evergreen forest. The following plants are recorded as associations, co-occurring with the new species: Selaginella tamariscina (Selaginellaceae), Angiopteris yunnanensis (Marattiaceae), Cyathea yunnanensis (Cyatheaceae), Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae ), Pteris semipinnata and other Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae), Tectaria sp. (Tectariaceae), Lindera rufa, Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae), Alpinia calcarata (Zingiberaceae), Cyrtococcum patens (Poaceae), Altingia yunnanensis (Altingiaceae), Elatostema balansae (Urticaceae), Betula alnoides (Betulaceae), Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae), Tetradium glabrifolium (Rutaceae), Schima wallichii (Theaceae), Alniphyllum eberhardtii (Styracaceae), Saurauia tristyla (Actinidiaceae), Lasianthus sp., Lerchea micrantha, Ophiorrhiza baviensis (Rubiaceae) and Staurogyne sp. (Acanthaceae). Etymology: —The specific epithet derives from the genus name of Saxifraga stolonifera, and the Latin suffix -oides, referring to the orbicular leaves with crenulate margin. Conservation:— Begonia saxifragoides is considered Vulnerable (VUD2) according to IUCN criteria (2022), because of its isolated occurrence. The species has a small population size estimated at less than 2,500 mature individuals, which matches criterion EN C1, however there are no observed or projected declines. In eight survey routes conducted in 2022, we encountered two populations. Population 1 (elevation 1,200 m) consists of 18 individuals scattered across an area of 1000 square meters along the survey route. Population 2 (elevation 1,900 m) consists of six individuals scattered in an area of 500 square meters along the investigation line. Ngoc Chien Commune is renowned for its abundant tourism resources, and the type locality is not under the jurisdiction of a protected forest. This implies that the habitat of this species may be vulnerable to damage from unforeseen events. Notes: — Begonia saxifragoides shares characteristics with B. minhaniae, such as rhizomatous habit, hairy petioles, 4-tepaled staminate flowers and 3-tepaled pistillate flowers and 3-locular ovary. However, the distinctive characteristics of B. saxifragoides (compared to B. minhaniae) are its orbicular to reniform (vs. widely ovate) leaves, apex rounded (vs. acute to acuminate), petiole densely rosy pink to white pilose or villous (vs. yellowish-brown tomentose), stamens 40–45 (vs. ca. 15), ovary trigonous-globose (vs. ovary trigonous-ellipsoid) and wings sparsely pilose or glandular hairs (vs. glabrous or sparsely tomentose). Among Vietnamese Begonia species of sect. Platycentrum, B. saxifragoides is also similar to B. sinovietnamica C.Y. Wu (1997: 50), but this species has widely ovate lamina that is hirsute on the upper surface (vs. orbicular to reniform and glabrous in B. saxifragoides), anther apex truncate to rounded (vs. retuse in B. saxifragoides) and pistillate flowers having five tepals (vs. three tepals in B. saxifragoides). Based on several morphological characters, such as orbicular lamina with a hairy petiole and the number of tepals in both staminate and pistillate flowers, the new species bears a superficial resemblance to B. crystallina Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen (2005: 360). However, it is morphologically distinct from B. crystallina on account in the following diagnostic characters: leaves upper surface glabrous or subglabrous (vs. setulose), 3-locular (vs. 1-locular) ovary with triangular to falcate (vs. lunate) wings. A comparison of the salient characters of the four species is presented in Table 1.

Bon, Trinh Ngoc, Do, Thi Thanh Ha, Le, Thi Hanh, Lo, Minh Duc, Zimmer, Heidi, Lin, Che- Wei (2023): Begonia saxifragoides sp. nov. and two new records of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 600 (1): 16-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.600.1.3

Begonia saxifragoides T.N.Bon & C.W.Lin, sp. nov. § Platycentrum (Figs. 2 & 3). Type: — VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Ngoc Chien Commune, 1,900 m elevation, 18 September 2022, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Thi Thanh Ha Do, Thi Hanh Le, Minh Duc Lo, Heidi Zimmer, Lo Van Chieu, Sung A Giang & Sung A Chu SCU2022-03 (Holotype VAFS). Monoecious rhizomatous herb. Rhizome stout, greyish-red to reddish-brown, 10−15 cm or longer, 8−12 mm thick, internodes congested, densely pilose or villous. Stipules persistent, reddish-brown, triangular, ca. 5 × 6 mm, herbaceous, strongly keeled, midrib scattered with hirsute, margin entire, apex aristate, arista 2.5–5 mm long. Leaves alternate, petiole terete, greyish-red to pale brownish-red, 9−13 cm long, 3.5−4.5 mm diameter, densely rosy pink to white pilose or villous, turning pale brown with age; leaf blade asymmetric, oblique, orbicular to reniform, 6.5−8.3 × 6.7–9 cm, broadside 3.6–5.4 cm wide, basal lobes cordate, 1.5–2.2 cm long, apex rounded, margin denticulate to crenulate, recurved and undulated, with a line of magenta to white pilose or puberulous hairs; leaf thinly coriaceous, succulent, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, greyish-green to olive green, venation blackish-green and slightly impressed; abaxially pale reddish-green to magenta; venation basally ca. eight palmate, primary veins branching dichotomously or nearly so, tertiary veins reticulate; all veins densely pink to magenta pilose or puberulous on abaxial surface. Inflorescences axillary, bisexual, cymose arising directly from the rhizome, ca. two orders of branching; peduncle pink to red, 5.5−7 cm long, pinkish-white pilose or villous. Bracts caducous, yellowish-green to pinkish-green, at basal node of inflorescence ovate, ca. 6.5 × 3 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose or glabrous, margin fimbriate; bracts on upper nodes similar but gradually smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel pinkish-yellow to pale pinkish-green, 8−10 mm long, sparsely pilose, tepals 4, pinkish-white to pink, outer two suborbicular to widely obovate, 8.5−13 × 10−15 mm, abaxially pilose or villous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner two narrowly obovate to oblong, 8−10 × 4−5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded; androecium zygomorphic, 3.5−5 mm across; stamens yellow, 40−45; filaments ca. 1.3 mm long, fused at base; anthers oblong to obovate, ca. 1 mm long, 2-locular, apex retuse. Pistillate flower: pedicel pinkish-white to pale pinkish-green, 6−8 mm long, very sparsely pilose or glandular hairs, tepals 3, whitish-pink; outer two suborbicular to very widely obovate, 8.5−9 × 10−12 mm, abaxially pilose or puberulous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner one oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, ca. 7.5 × 3 mm, apex obtuse; ovary widely trigonous-globose, 2.5–4 mm long, 3–4.5 mm thick (wings excluded), rosy pink to pale pinkish-yellow, sparsely pilose or glandular hairs; 3-winged, wings unequal, pinkish-white to yellowish-pink, sparsely pilose or glandular hairs, margin entire; wings triangular to falcate, 3.5–4.5 mm long, lateral wings narrower, 1.5–2 mm wide, abaxial wing 3–4 mm wide; ovary 3- locular, placentae bilamellate; styles 3, C-shaped, shortly fused at base, golden yellow, ca. 3.5 mm long, stigma slightly spirally twisted. Capsule body trigonous-globose, 6–7 mm long, 8–9.5 mm thick (wings excluded), yellowish-red to reddish-green when fresh; wings unequal, ca. 10 mm long, lateral wings triangular, 3–4 mm wide, abaxial wing triangular to falcate, 8–9 mm wide, truncate distally, rounded proximally. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District, Son La Province: northern Vietnam (Fig. 1). Grows on mossy cliff faces or steep slopes in semi-shaded and consistently humid areas in montane cloud forest at 1,200 –1,900 m elevation. Begonia saxifragoides is only known from a secondary evergreen forest. The following plants are recorded as associations, co-occurring with the new species: Selaginella tamariscina (Selaginellaceae), Angiopteris yunnanensis (Marattiaceae), Cyathea yunnanensis (Cyatheaceae), Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae ), Pteris semipinnata and other Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae), Tectaria sp. (Tectariaceae), Lindera rufa, Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae), Alpinia calcarata (Zingiberaceae), Cyrtococcum patens (Poaceae), Altingia yunnanensis (Altingiaceae), Elatostema balansae (Urticaceae), Betula alnoides (Betulaceae), Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae), Tetradium glabrifolium (Rutaceae), Schima wallichii (Theaceae), Alniphyllum eberhardtii (Styracaceae), Saurauia tristyla (Actinidiaceae), Lasianthus sp., Lerchea micrantha, Ophiorrhiza baviensis (Rubiaceae) and Staurogyne sp. (Acanthaceae). Etymology: —The specific epithet derives from the genus name of Saxifraga stolonifera, and the Latin suffix -oides, referring to the orbicular leaves with crenulate margin. Conservation:— Begonia saxifragoides is considered Vulnerable (VUD2) according to IUCN criteria (2022), because of its isolated occurrence. The species has a small population size estimated at less than 2,500 mature individuals, which matches criterion EN C1, however there are no observed or projected declines. In eight survey routes conducted in 2022, we encountered two populations. Population 1 (elevation 1,200 m) consists of 18 individuals scattered across an area of 1000 square meters along the survey route. Population 2 (elevation 1,900 m) consists of six individuals scattered in an area of 500 square meters along the investigation line. Ngoc Chien Commune is renowned for its abundant tourism resources, and the type locality is not under the jurisdiction of a protected forest. This implies that the habitat of this species may be vulnerable to damage from unforeseen events. Notes: — Begonia saxifragoides shares characteristics with B. minhaniae, such as rhizomatous habit, hairy petioles, 4-tepaled staminate flowers and 3-tepaled pistillate flowers and 3-locular ovary. However, the distinctive characteristics of B. saxifragoides (compared to B. minhaniae) are its orbicular to reniform (vs. widely ovate) leaves, apex rounded (vs. acute to acuminate), petiole densely rosy pink to white pilose or villous (vs. yellowish-brown tomentose), stamens 40–45 (vs. ca. 15), ovary trigonous-globose (vs. ovary trigonous-ellipsoid) and wings sparsely pilose or glandular hairs (vs. glabrous or sparsely tomentose). Among Vietnamese Begonia species of sect. Platycentrum, B. saxifragoides is also similar to B. sinovietnamica C.Y. Wu (1997: 50), but this species has widely ovate lamina that is hirsute on the upper surface (vs. orbicular to reniform and glabrous in B. saxifragoides), anther apex truncate to rounded (vs. retuse in B. saxifragoides) and pistillate flowers having five tepals (vs. three tepals in B. saxifragoides). Based on several morphological characters, such as orbicular lamina with a hairy petiole and the number of tepals in both staminate and pistillate flowers, the new species bears a superficial resemblance to B. crystallina Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen (2005: 360). However, it is morphologically distinct from B. crystallina on account in the following diagnostic characters: leaves upper surface glabrous or subglabrous (vs. setulose), 3-locular (vs. 1-locular) ovary with triangular to falcate (vs. lunate) wings. A comparison of the salient characters of the four species is presented in Table 1., Published as part of Bon, Trinh Ngoc, Do, Thi Thanh Ha, Le, Thi Hanh, Lo, Minh Duc, Zimmer, Heidi & Lin, Che- Wei, 2023, Begonia saxifragoides sp. nov. and two new records of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from northern Vietnam, pp. 16-24 in Phytotaxa 600 (1) on pages 16-22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8054131, {"references":["Wu, C. Y. & Ku, T. C. (1997) New taxa of the Begonia L. (Begoniaceae) from China (Cont.). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 35 (1): 43 - 56."]}

Begonia laotica Y.H.Tan & H.B. Ding (2020: 188). Type:— LAOS. Oudomxay Province: Maung Xai, Phou Hin Phee National Biodiversity Conservation Area, 102°08’47.97”E, 20°43’18.69”N. 1,378 m elev., 25 October 2018, flowering, Y. H . Tan & H. B. Ding L0827 (holotype HITBC; isotype HNL). Distribution and ecology:— Begonia laotica was described in 2020 and reported as endemic to Phou Hin Phee National Biodiversity Conservation Area in northern Laos. Here we report it for the first time from Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District, Son La Province: across from the northeast border with Laos. It is restricted to limestone karst mountains at 1,280 m elevation in the lower half of shaded vertical cliffs in montane moist forest. Begonia laotica shows a small range of variation in vestiture of leaves between different populations and individuals. For example, Laos populations have completely glabrous upper leaf surfaces, whereas, in Vietnam, some individuals are sparsely puberulous. Specimen examined:— VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Ngoc Chien Commune, 1,280 m elevation, 22 August 2022, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Thi Thanh Ha Do, Thi Hanh Le, Minh Duc Lo, Heidi Zimmer, Lo Van Chieu, Sung A Giang & Sung A Chu SCU2022-03 (VAFS)., Published as part of Bon, Trinh Ngoc, Do, Thi Thanh Ha, Le, Thi Hanh, Lo, Minh Duc, Zimmer, Heidi & Lin, Che- Wei, 2023, Begonia saxifragoides sp. nov. and two new records of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from northern Vietnam, pp. 16-24 in Phytotaxa 600 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8054131, {"references":["Ding, H. B., Maw, M. B., Yang, B., Bouamanivong, S. & Tan, Y. H. (2020) An updated checklist of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Laos, with two new species and five new records. PhytoKeys 138: 187 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 138.46718"]}

Begonia laotica Y.H.Tan & H.B. Ding (2020: 188). Type:— LAOS. Oudomxay Province: Maung Xai, Phou Hin Phee National Biodiversity Conservation Area, 102°08’47.97”E, 20°43’18.69”N. 1,378 m elev., 25 October 2018, flowering, Y. H . Tan & H. B. Ding L0827 (holotype HITBC; isotype HNL). Distribution and ecology:— Begonia laotica was described in 2020 and reported as endemic to Phou Hin Phee National Biodiversity Conservation Area in northern Laos. Here we report it for the first time from Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District, Son La Province: across from the northeast border with Laos. It is restricted to limestone karst mountains at 1,280 m elevation in the lower half of shaded vertical cliffs in montane moist forest. Begonia laotica shows a small range of variation in vestiture of leaves between different populations and individuals. For example, Laos populations have completely glabrous upper leaf surfaces, whereas, in Vietnam, some individuals are sparsely puberulous. Specimen examined:— VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Ngoc Chien Commune, 1,280 m elevation, 22 August 2022, Trinh Ngoc Bon, Thi Thanh Ha Do, Thi Hanh Le, Minh Duc Lo, Heidi Zimmer, Lo Van Chieu, Sung A Giang & Sung A Chu SCU2022-03 (VAFS).

Begonia wiformis T.S.Hoang & C.W.Lin, sp. nov. § Coelocentrum (Figs. 2, 3 & 4) Type:— VIETNAM. Lang Son Province, Bac Son District, Tran Yen Commune, 21°41’42”N, 106°22’31”E, 563 m elev., growing in cracks of mossy rocks on semi-shaded limestone cliffs in evergreen broad-leaved forest., 18 March 2022, Hoang Son 4251 (Holotype VAFS; Isotype VNMN). Diagnosis:— Close to B. langsonensis C.-I Peng & C.W.Lin in its subglabrous laminae, bracts with a denticulate margin and zygomorphic androecium. It differs in having a stoloniferous growth habit (vs. rhizome not elongated), stipules with a ciliate margin (vs. entire), the upper surface of the lamina with a velvety texture (vs. waxy texture) and maculation (vs. uniformly green), pistillate flowers 3 or 4 tepals (vs. only 3 tepals) and capsule with semi-persistent (vs. caducous) tepals. Monoecious herb, rhizomatous initially and becoming stoloniferous. Rhizome creeping, reddish-brown, ca. 1 cm thick, internodes 4–10 mm long, sending out stolons to 60 cm or longer, 2.5−4 mm thick, villous or subglabrous, internodes 1.5−5 cm long. Stipules semi-persistent, reddish-brown, ovate-triangular to very widely triangular, 7–10 × 3.5–5 mm, herbaceous, keeled, glabrous, margin ciliate to fimbriate, apex apiculate, arista 2–4 mm long; stipules of stolon similar to rhizome but smaller. Leaves alternate, petiole terete, brownish-red to crimson, 7−25 cm long, 2.5−5 mm diameter, glabrous or sparsely villous; leaf blade asymmetric, oblique, ovate to wide ovate, 7.5−13 × 4.3–7 cm, broad side 2.7–5 cm wide, basal lobes cordate, 2.2–4.1 cm long, apex attenuate to acute, margin subentire with a line of appressed puberulous hairs; leaf thick chartaceous, succulent, adaxially malachite green, blackish-olive green to maroon, variegated with silver grey to greyish-green zones or semicontinuous patches along main veins, sometimes with irregular silvery dots between veins, with a brownish-red or green patch at junction on lamina and petiole, venation green toward base, sometimes blue iridescence; abaxially pale green to magenta, glabrous or very sparsely minutely puberulous; venation basally ca. 8 palmate, midrib distinct, ca. 2 secondary veins on each side, other primary veins branching dichotomously or nearly so, tertiary veins reticulate; leaves of stolon widely to very widely ovate, occasionally polygonal, 3.3–6 × 2–4.5 cm, margin subentire, ciliate, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences axillary, bisexual, cymose, arising directly from rhizome, 2 or 3 orders of branching; peduncle reddish, 3.2–19 cm long, glabrous. Bracts caducous, pinkish to pale brownish-red, at basal node of inflorescence ovate, ca. 10 × 8 mm, glabrous, margin denticulate; bracts of upper inflorescence similar but smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel rosy pink to red, 1.3–2.2 cm long, glabrous, tepals 4, rosy pink to pinkish-white, glabrous, outer 2 suborbicular to very widely ovate, 10–14 × 12–16 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 2 oblanceolate, 10–17 × 2.5–4 mm, apex obtuse or rounded; androecium zygomorphic, 4–5 mm across; stamens golden yellow, 25–35; filaments ca. 1.3 mm long, fused at base; anthers obovate, ca. 1.8 mm long, 2-locular, apex rounded. Pistillate flower: pedicel pink to red, 8–15 mm long, glabrous, tepals 3 or 4, pinkish-white to rosy pink, glabrous, outer 2 widely orbicular to very wide obovate, 10–14 × 11–18 mm, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 1 or 2 oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.7–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to rounded; ovary trigonous-ellipsoid, 6.5–10 mm long, 2.5–4 mm thick (wings excluded), pink to yellowish-pink, glabrous; 3- winged, wings unequal, pink, subglabrous, margin entire; lateral wings narrower, narrowly crescent-shaped, 3–4 mm wide, abaxial wing crescent-shaped, 4.5–7.5 mm wide; ovary 1-locular with intruded parietal placentation, placentae 3, bilamellate; styles 3, shortly fused at base, golden yellow, ca. 4–5 mm long, stigma spirally twisted. Capsule tepals semi-persistent; capsule trigonous-ellipsoid, 8.5–14 mm long, 3.5–5. mm thick (wings excluded), greenish when fresh; wings unequal, 11–16 mm long, lateral wings 3–6 mm wide, abaxial wing triangular, 5–8 mm wide, truncate to rounded distally, truncate to cordate proximally. Distribution and ecology:— Endemic to Tran Yen Commune, Bac Son District, Lang Son Province, Vietnam. Growing in cracks of mossy rocks on semi-shaded limestone cliffs in evergreen broad-leaved forest, elevation ca. 560 m. Etymology:— Wiformis (W-shaped), referring to the shape of its maculation somewhat similar with the letter "W" in the upper surface of lamina. Conservation status:— A small population of the new species is distributed in an area of about 1 km 2, which is not included in any protected forest, so that it may be threatened by Begonia collectors. According to IUCN (2019), the species may be listed as DD (Data Deficient). Future botanical surveys are needed for a complete conservation assessment of the species. Notes:— Begonia wiformis can be recognized by its rhizomes that send out elongate stolons, subglabrous leaves with velvety texture above, bracts with a denticulate margin and zygomorphic androecium. In its geographical distribution and morphological characters, the new species is most closely related to B. langsonensis C.-I Peng & C.W.Lin (Peng et al., 2015) but it differs in sufficient characters to be considered a distinct species. Begonia yizhouensis D.K.Tian, B.M.Wang & Y.Tong (Tong et al., 2019) is probably another closely related species, with both species sharing several similar morphological characters such as ciliate stipules, glabrous upper leaf surface that is variegated, glabrous tepals and zygomorphic androecium. However, the new species cannot be mistaken for B. yizhouensis, which has a stoloniferous rhizomes (vs. only rhizome), leaf texture velvety (vs. waxy), stipules reddish-brown (vs. whitish-green), petiole glabrous or sparsely villous (vs. densely hirsute-villous), capsule abaxial wing truncate to cordate proximally (vs. cuneate) and flowering around May (vs. November to December). Among the rhizomatous begonias on limestone karsts in Sino-Vietnamense, B. wiformis is also superficially similar to B. pseudodryadis C.Y.Wu (Wu & Ku, 1995) and B. pseudodryadis var. bitepala Aver. (Averyanov et al., 2020) in having ovate, velvety leaves and 4-tepaled staminate flowers, however, B. wiformis differs in having bracts with a denticulate margin (vs. entire), zygomorphic androecium (vs. actinomorphic) and pistillate flowers with 3 tepals (vs. 5)., Published as part of Hoang, Thanh Son & Lin, Che-Wei, 2023, A new species Begonia wiformis, and a new record of B. filiformis (B. sect. Coelocentrum, Begoniaceae) from nothern Vietnam, pp. 292-300 in Phytotaxa 591 (4) on pages 292-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7835553, {"references":["IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 27 August 2022)","Peng, C. - I, Lin, C. W., Yang, H. A., Kono, Y. & Nguyen, H. Q. (2015) Six new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from limestone areas in Northern Vietnam. Botanical Studies 56: e 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40529 - 015 - 0089 - 3","Tong, Y., Tian, D. K., Shu, J. P., Xiao, Y., Wang, B. M. & Fu, N. F. (2019) Begonia yizhouensis, a new species in Begonia sect. Coelocentrum (Begoniaceae) from Guangxi, China. Phytotaxa 407 (1): 59 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 407.1.9","Wu, C. Y. & Ku, T. C. (1995) New taxa of the Begonia L. (Begoniaceae) from China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 33 (3): 251 - 280.","Averyanov, L. V., Nguyen, K. S., Tran, T. H., Averyanova, A. L., Maisak, T. V. & Nguyen, H. T. (2020) Plant diversity, flora and vegetation of Bat Dai Son Mountain area, northern Vietnam. Strata, Saint-Petersburg, 561 pp."]}

Begonia sect. Coelocentrum is a highly diverse section of the genus (87 species) with a Sino-Vietnamese distribution. A new species, Begonia wiformis, is described and illustrated herein, it is characterized by its rhizomes that send out elongated stolons, subglabrous lamina with a velvety texture adaxially, bracts with a denticulate margin, and a zygomorphic androecium. Additionally, Begonia filiformis, a species previously known only from China, is reported for the first time in Vietnam.

Begonia filiformis Irmscher (1939: 521) (Figs. 5 & 6) Type:— CHINA. Guangxi, Lungchow, N. W. hills, flowers green or white, H. B. Morse 575 (Holotype K; fragments of holotype at B). Specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Ha Giang Province, Vi Xuyen District, Minh Tan Commune, 22°58’14”N, 104°53’15”E, 754 m elev., Growing in cracks of mossy rocks on semi-shaded limestone cliffs in evergreen broadleaved forest., 25 March 2022, Hoang Son 6433 (VAFS, VNMN). Notes:— Begonia filiformis is recognized by its rugose ovate leaves, densely glandular-hispid peduncles and flowers with pale green tepals and staminate flowers with an actinomorphic androecium. Begonia filiformis was initially discovered in Lungchow, southern Guangxi. This species has long been suspected to also exist in Vietnam, as existing collections are known from near the Vietnamese border. The specimens referred to in this study were collected within the Vi Xuyen District of Ha Giang Province. There are only two known populations of this species in the area, and neither of them is located within any protected forests (Fig. 1). The Vietnamese population roughly fits morphologically into the type, except that stipules sometimes have an entire margin (vs. shallowly and densely serrate), the tepals are tinged with yellowish-green (vs. pale green to white), and the abaxial wing of capsule is nearly trapezoidal (vs. lunate)., Published as part of Hoang, Thanh Son & Lin, Che-Wei, 2023, A new species Begonia wiformis, and a new record of B. filiformis (B. sect. Coelocentrum, Begoniaceae) from nothern Vietnam, pp. 292-300 in Phytotaxa 591 (4) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7835553

Aung, Aung, Wahlsteen, Eric, Chen, Wen-Hong, Shui, Yu-Min (2023): Begonia chenii, a synonym of B. mariachristinae (Begoniaceae) in Myanmar. Phytotaxa 589 (1): 97-100, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.10

2. Begonia coccinea Hooker (1843, pl.3990) Type:—[illustration] Botanical Magazine 69: pl. 3990 (1843) (lectotype, designated here). Notes:— Hooker (1843) described Begonia coccinea from a living specimen, but did not designate a type or cite any herbarium material. He mentioned the species was detected in Organ Mountains by Lobb in 1841, and blossomed in the Veitch nursery in 1842; a search of the Kew herbarium, including the cultivated folders, revealed no specimens that can be linked to either Lobb, Veitch, or Hooker. The illustration included in the protologue is here designated as a lectotype (Art. 9.3 and 9.12 of ICBN, Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Hooker, W. J. (1843) Botanical Magazine 69: pl. 3990.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

8. Begonia saxifraga A.DC. (1859: 138). Type:— BRAZIL: Prov. de Bahia, Martius 954 (lectotype, designated here M [M0145735]); isolectotype (G). Residual syntypes:— BRAZIL: Castello Novo, Riedel 592 (K [K000536668], G-DC.). Notes:—de Candolle (1859) described Begonia saxifraga, citing two collections (syntypes): Martius 954 (two specimens: M and G herbaria) and Riedel 592 (K herbarium). The specimen Martius 954 (M) is designated as the lectotype here., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739

6. Begonia leptotricha C.DC. (1914: 121). Type:— PARAGUAY: Alto Paraná, 1910, K.Fiebrig 5707 (lectotype, designated here B [B100247913]; isolectotypes B [B100247914], G [G00085178, G00077063] and M [M-0145741]). Residual syntypes:— PARAGUAY: Alto Paraná, K.Frieberg 5354 (B [B100247911, B100247912], BM [BM000548899], K [K000542564], G [G00085177, G00077062], GH [GH00068244] and US [US 00115363]). Notes:— Jacques (2005) designated Fiebrig 5707 (B) as lectotype and isolectotype but without specifying barcodes, therefore a second-step lectotypification is necessary and is provided here., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Jacques, E. L. & Mamede, M. C. H. (2005) Notas nomenclaturais em Begonia L. Begoniaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botanica 28 (3): 579 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042005000300014"]}

1. Begonia bahiensis A.DC. (1859: 137) Type:— BRAZIL: Prov. de Bahia, Dupasquier s.n., 1851 (lectotype, designated here G-DC). Residual syntypes:— Brazil: in sylvis umbrosis ad Maracas, Martius s.n. (M [M0113294], B [B100242185] a fragment of the M specimen). Notes:—de Candolle (1859) described Begonia bahiensis citing two collections (syntypes): Dupasquier s.n. and Martius s.n. (two specimens). Dupasquier s.n. has been selected for the lectotype., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739

3. Begonia bonitoensis var. intermedia Brade (1957: 163) nom. inval. Notes:—Brade (1957) published Begonia bonitoensis var. intermedia as a new variety with the annotation ined. The use of ined. by the author invalidates the name of the variety. Therefore Begonia bonitoensis var. intermedia is a invalid name (Art. 36.1 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

5. Begonia juliana Loefgr. ex Irmsch. (1953: 62). Type:— BRAZIL: Bot. Garten Sao Paulo, 1904, cult. Hort. Berol. 1906, without collector and number (lectotype, designated here B [B100244008]). Residual syntype:— BRAZIL: S„o Paulo, Corumbatahy, mata virgem, beira água, without collector, number and date, (SP (SP8775) [SP000051]). Notes:—Edgar Irmscher (1953) described Begonia juliana based on two collections (syntypes) without collector and number; one collected from Corumbataí [“Corumbatahy”] in the Sao Paulo herbarium and a second cultivated specimen in the Berlin herbarium. The Berlin specimen is designated as the lectotype here., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Irmscher, E. (1953) Systematische studien ¸ ber Begoniaceen des tropischen Sudamerikas besonders Brasiliens. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 76 (1): 54."]}

Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles (2023): NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes. Phytotaxa 587 (1): 66-70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9

2. Begonia attenuata var. herbacea Brade (1944: 7) nom. inval. Notes:— Brade (1944) published Begonia attenuata var. herbacea as a new variety with the annotation inedit. and without description. The use of inedit. by the author invalidates the name of the variety. Therefore B. attenuata var. herbacea is a invalid name (Art. 36.1 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Brade, A. C. (1944) Begoniaceae do Herbario do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Botanica, 1: 7. Brade, A. C. (1948) Begonias Novas do Brasil. Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, VIII: 234 - 235, pl. 7.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

4. Begonia herbacea var. ellipticifolia Irmsch. (1953: 99). Type:— BRAZIL: Rio de janeiro: serra dos órg„os, rio beija flor um 1600m, 19 November 1942, Pereira 143 (lectotype, designated here (RB47351) [RB00538148] and [RB00538149]). Residual syntype:— Brazil: Rio de janeiro: serra dos órg„os epiphyt in walde, Ule 4240, 30 Dec 1896 (B [B100124354]). Notes:—Edgar Irmscher described Begonia herbacea var. ellipticifolia with two collections (syntypes): Perreira 143 and Ule 4240. Pereira 143 is designated as the lectotype. There are two sheets considered as one collection, as they have the same collection number and same herbarium registriation number., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739

6. Begonia fruticosa var. robusta Brade (1957:158) nom. inval. Notes:—Brade (1957) published Begonia fruticosa var. robusta as a new variety with the annotation ined. The use of ined. by the author invalidates the name of the variety. Therefore B. fruticosa var. robusta is an invalid name (Art. 36.1 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

1. Begonia cantareira hort. nom. nud. Notes:— Begonia cantareira is a name used by the American Begonian Society (USA) for a species from Brazil imported into cultivation from seeds. The name was first printed in The Begonian (Carrell, 1950) without description so it is an invalid name, as cited in the Flora do Brasil (Jacques & Gregório 2020). Later publications in The Begonian (Carrel 1951 & 1952) state that Begonia cantareira could be B. acetosa Vell. (1831, pl.50). However the name B. acetosa is missapplied and B. cantareira actually refers to B. itaguassuensis Brade (1948: 234) (Golding, 1989). In the protologue for B. acetosa Vellozo (1831, pl.50) states that B. acetosa has 1.8 m stems (caule orgyali) and could be not a rhizomatous species, as is B. cantareira. All specimens of Begonia itaguassuensis collected in Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo and Bahia state have leaves which are green below. Cultivated plants of this species with leaves which are red/wine-coloured below were given the unidentified species registration number of U254 by the American Begonia Society, based on material collected by Mulford B. Foster in Brazil and named (incorrectly) by L.B.Smith as Begonia acetosa Vell. (Foster, 1946). Golding (1989) wrote that this material was collected by Foster in Brazil in 1946, however although the article by Foster was published that year (Foster, 1946) he did not collect in Brazil in 1946. Probably Foster collected material of this plant in 1939 or 1940 when he travelled in Espirito Santo state (Rede Specieslink). Plants of Begonia itaguassuensis with red/wine coloured leaves were not found in the wild until the author found discovered them in Vitoria region, Espìrito Santo state, a place that Foster visited. Begonia cantareira refers to Begonia itaguassuensis Brade., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Carrell, F. (1950) Armchair explorers. Begonian 17: 175. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2549383","Jacques, E. L. & Gregorio, B. S. (2020) Begoniaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 5562 (accessed: November 2022).","Golding, J. (1989) The search for Begonia acetosa Vellozo. Begonian 56 (12): 229 - 232.","Foster, M. B. (1946) Begonias in Florida. Begonian XIII (3): 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1097 / 00010694 - 194602000 - 00008"]}

7. Begonia metallica W.G. Smith (1876: pl. 197). Type:—[Illustration] plate of “Floral Magazine: Comprising Figures and Descriptions of Popular Garden Flowers pl. 197. 1876” (lectotype, designated here). Notes:—When described the new species Begonia metallica, W.G. Smith (1876) did not selected a type or cite any examined herbarium material, hence a lectotype is here designated (Art. 9.3 and 9.12 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). Begonia metallica was synonymized with the Mexican species B. incarnata Link & Otto (1829: 37) by Govaerts (1996) without any commentary about the synonymization. B. metallica is totally different to B. incarnata and is here considered to be accepted at the species level; Smith et al. (1986) stated that B. metallica W.G.Smith occurs in Brazil rather than Mexico. The species has morphological characteristics in common with Begonia species from the south of Brazil, such as Begonia hammoniae Irmsch. (1953: 54)., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Smith, W. G. (1876) Floral Magazine. pl. 197.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Link, J. H. F. & Otto, C. F. (1829) Icones Plantarum Rariorum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis cum descriptionibus et colendi ratione 37, t. 19.","Govaerts, R. (1996) World Checklist of Seed Plants 2 (1, 2): 1 - 492.","Smith, L. B., Wasshausen, D. C., Golding, J. & Karegeannes, C. E. (1986) Begoniaceae. Part I: illustrated key. Part II: Annoted species list. Smithsonian contributions to botany 60: 1 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 X. 60"]}

5. Begonia costello hort. nom. nud. Notes:— Begonia costello was published in a seed list in the journal of the American Begonian Society (Anon. 1975) as nomen only. Begonia costello was published without description, and hence is an invalid name. Golding (1989) noted that B. costello actually refers to B. acetosa Vell., and is similar to B. itaguassuensis (see notes under B. cantareira above); however here it is considered Begonia costello is Begonia itaguassuensis Brade., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Golding, J. (1989) The search for Begonia acetosa Vellozo. Begonian 56 (12): 229 - 232."]}

3. Begonia echinosepala Regel (1871: 91) Type:— BRAZIL: ex horto Bot. Petropolitano, Regel s.n., 71/9 [cult.] (lectotype, designated here LE). Notes:—In the LE herbarium (Komarov Botanical Institute) there are two sheets of Begonia echinosepala with differing annotations from E.A. von Regel: Ex horto Bot. Petropolitano 71/9 and Ex horto Bot. Petropolitano 74/7. These annotations are the date of the collection usually used by Regel and correspond to September 1871 and July 1874. The two specimens are further annotated by V.I. Dorofeyev from the Kamarov Botanical Institute with either syntype ( Ex horto Bot. Petropolitano 71/9) or lectotype (Ex horto Bot. Petropolitano 74/7). However as the protologue was published in 1871, the specimen collected in 1874 cannot be the lectotype. The former specimen collected in 1871 is designated as the lectotype here., Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles, 2023, NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes, pp. 66-70 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7710739, {"references":["Regel, E. A. von (1871) Trudy Imperatorskago S. - Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada 1: 91 - 92."]}

Begonia fritschiana Amoroso & Rubite, sp. nov. § Baryandra (Figs. 2–4) Type:— PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Sto. Domingo, Quezon, Bukidnon, Mt. Pinamantawan, 1112–1130 m, on mossy rocks in shaded forest, 28 August 2022, V. B . Amoroso 31059 (holotype PNH!, isotype CMUH!). Diagnosis:— Begonia fritschiana resembles B. caramoanensis in having male flowers with 4 tepals and female flowers with 5 tepals, glandular hairy pedicels and peduncles, a capsule that is pendent, recurved with unequal wings, but differs by having leaves that are ovate (vs. almost orbicular), with a petiole that is 5–9 cm long (vs. 12–26 cm), and with the abaxial surface of the lamina glaucous with marginal hairs (vs. not glaucous and absent marginal hairs) solitary to singly-branched inflorescence (vs. dichotomously branched, 5 times), a peduncle and pedicels with white glandular hairs (vs. white to green and brown glandular hairs), one of the outer tepals dark pink abaxially (vs. uniformly pinkish), and a glabrous ovary (vs. with glandular hairs). Herbaceous, lithophytic, rhizomatous, perennial, monoecious, creeping. Rhizome light green, sometimes covered with liverworts, ca. 3.5–5.4 cm × 0.4–0.5 cm, glabrous, internodes 5 mm long. Stipules persistent, symmetric, yellow turning dark brown when mature, ovate, 20–22 × 3–5 mm, abaxially with white hairs, margin entire with long distantly placed hairs, apex aristate, arista 4, up to 7 mm long. Leaves alternate, petiolate; petioles erect, yellowish-green, terete, with dense non-glandular hairs, becoming glabrous; lamina basifixed, thick and fleshy, obliquely ovate, 5–6 × 4–5 cm, adaxially dark green, abaxially glaucous, glabrous, base cordate, lobes not overlapping, margin subentire with white marginal hairs, apex mucronate, venation palmate-pinnate, primary veins 5–6, not prominent adaxially. Inflorescence axillary, arising directly from rhizome, mostly solitary and rarely branching singly, erect, 16–23 cm long, peduncle light green, 15–19 cm long, with dense white glandular hairs up to pedicels. Bracts caducous, usually sheathing developing buds, light green, broadly ovate, 4–8 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex cuspidate. Staminate flower: actinomorphic, dark red when young, broadly ovate, pedicel 10–15 mm long, glandular-hairy, hairs white and profuse, tepals 2 + 2, one outer tepal dark pink abaxially and light pink adaxially, other tepals white, outer tepals orbicular, 9–11 × 6–9 mm, inner tepals narrowly lanceolate, 4–7 × 3–5 mm, stamens 14–21, filaments ca. 1 mm long, united at base, anthers yellow, obovate, apex rounded, ca. 1 mm long. Pistillate flower: ascending early then later recurving downward, pedicel white to light green, tepals 2 + 3, outer pair white, obovate, 10–12 × 7–8 mm, 3 inner tepals white, asymmetrical, 10–12 × 5–6 mm. Ovary inferior, green, 13 × 15 mm (wings included), 3-locular, glabrous, placentae bifid; wings 3, unequally surrounding ovary, light green; styles 2, 2–4 mm long, stigmas ca. 3 on each style, yellow. Fruiting pedicel 19–25 mm long, light green, glabrous to sparsely glandular-hairy, unequal. Capsule recurved, 13–15 × 10–15 mm (wings included), base rounded to cordate, apex obtuse, abaxial wing 10 × 8 mm, angular, lateral wings 7 × 5 mm, angular. Phenology:—Observed flowering and fruiting in situ on August 28, 2022 and ex-situ on 2 September 2022 – 6 February 2023. Etymology:—This species is named in honor of Dr. Peter W. Fritsch, renowned botanist from the Botanical Research Institute of Texas and Fort Worth Botanic Garden, USA, for discovering novel species and in his unwavering support for and participation on botanical exploration and research in the Philippines. Distribution and Ecology:—Endemic to the province of Bukidnon, Mindanao, Philippines. It grows in a narrow elevation range at ca. 1100 m on boulders with a thin layer of soil with liverworts and Selaginella spp. in the lower montane forest of Mt. Pinamantawan, Quezon, Bukidnon. Some planted abaca (Musa textilis) were observed among the boulders. Proposed Conservation Status:— Begonia fritschiana is known only from the type locality, with one population and less than 100 individuals. The area is not currently protected under the country’s National Integrated Protected Areas System by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Because of ongoing threats such as illegal logging, poaching, and over-collection of biological resources, the single area of occurrence with estimated extent of occurrence B. fritschiana as Critically Endangered CR based on the criterion B1ab(i) of IUCN (2022). Comparison to other similar species:—The species shares having glandular hairs on the peduncles with B. droseriodes but B. fritschiana differs in having a light green creeping rhizome (vs. crimson); long arista on the stipule (4–7 mm) (vs. 2 mm); petioles up to 9 cm long with white non-glandular hairs (vs. petioles up to 12 cm long with dense pale brown appressed sericeous hairs); lamina margin with white hairs (vs. lamina margin with puberulous red hairs); lamina apex mucronate (vs. obtuse to rounded); peduncle up to 11 cm long (vs. puduncle up to 19 cm long); inflorescence mostly solitary, rarely singly branched (vs. branched 2–3 times); and with one pink outer tepal of staminate flowers (vs. uniformly white)., Published as part of Amoroso, Victor B., Lamparas, Rica Joy V., Lagunday, Noel E., Dapar, Mark Llyod G. & Rubite, Rosario R., 2023, Begonia fritschiana (Begoniaceae, Begonia section Baryandra), a new species from Quezon, Bukidnon, Philippines, pp. 39-46 in Phytotaxa 587 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710690, {"references":["IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 5 February 2023)"]}

Begonia normaaguilariae, a new Philippine Begonia species from the section Baryandra is described and illustrated herewith. It bears a superficial resemblance to B. biliranensis with a repand leaf margin, and obovoid anther shape. However, the new species is unique in reference to its conduplicate stipule, longer capsule pedicel length, and completely glabrous rhizome, petioles, and leaves. Begonia normaaguilariae was only recorded from the limestone forests of Samar Island Natural Park, Samar Island, Philippines. Following the Red List criteria of the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, B. normaaguilariae is hereby proposed as Critically Endangered.

The Sierra de las Nieves National Park, declared by the Spanish Government in July 2021, is part of the Serranía de Ronda (Western Baetic mountains), which is considered one of the main centres of biodiversity and endemicity of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain) and the Mediterranean Basin. The park and its surroundings have an important diversity of vascular plants, mainly due to the orographic, climatic and geological diversity of the area, which is divided into three biogeographical sectors: Rondeño sector (limestones, dolomites and clays), Bermejense sector (peridotites and serpentines) and Aljíbico sector (gneisses and micaschists). This contribution presents the first catalogue of the vascular flora of this national park and its surrounding area, with 1,387 taxa distributed in 104 families and 542 genera. An amount of 79 taxa are endemic to Andalusia and 57 are endangered: 4 are Critically Endangered (CR), 17 are Endangered (EN) and 36 are Vulnerable (VU).

Begonia medogensis Li et al. (2018: 14) (Fig. 3) Type:— CHINA. Tibet, Medog County, Xiaohua Jin, Jianwu Li, Xilong Wang & Chengwang Wang 19331 (holotype: HITBC!, isotype: HITBC!, PE!, K!). Figure 2A–I and 3. Perennial monoecious herbs, caulescent, erect. Rhizomes short, stout. Stems reddish-purple, floccose, 50–150 cm tall, internode 6–15 cm long, upper part well-branched, with internodes 2–5 cm long. Stipules persistent, triangular to lanceolate, 6–8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate to cuspidate. Leaves cauline; petiole 1.2–2.7 cm long, floccose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, slightly asymmetric, 6–10 × 2–3.7 cm, adaxially green, slightly hairy, abaxially greenishwhite, hairs prominent on veins, venation palmate-pinnate, 5–8-veined, base slightly oblique, rounded to sub cordate, margins remotely and irregularly denticulate, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences axillary to terminal cymes, to 6 cm, sub-pendulous, primary peduncles 2.7–4 cm long, secondary peduncles 0.5–1.0 cm long, terminally with 1–5 flowers; floral bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5–10 × 1.7–5 mm, thickly papery, glabrous, apex acuminate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm long, glabrous; tepals 4, white, outer 2 broadly ovate to orbicular, 1.8–2.3 × 1.3–1.7 cm, tinted with pink, glabrous, apex rounded; inner 2 elliptic to ovate, 1.6–2.1 × 0.7–0.9 cm, glabrous, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 60–80; filaments free, c. 2 mm long, sub-equal, fused at base into a 4–6 mm diameter column; anthers obovate, c. 1 mm long, apex emarginated. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 0.9–2 cm long, tepals 5, pinkish white, unequal, glabrous, outer broadly ovate, 1–1.4 × 0.8–1.2 cm, apex rounded, inner tepals smaller, elliptic-ovate, 9–13 × 5–9 mm, apex rounded; ovary glabrous, 2-loculed; placentae axile, bi-lamellate; styles 2, fused at base; stigmas 2-cleft, spiralled. Capsule sub-pendulous, cylindroid, 8–15 × 10–23 mm; wings 3, central 1 larger, oblong, 7–15 × 10–15 mm, apex truncate, lateral 2 less developed, 3–5 × 10–15 mm. Flowering and Fruiting:&horbar; March–August and October–December. Distribution:&horbar; China (Tibet), Myanmar (Chen et al. 2018; Li et al. 2018) and India (present study). Habitat and Ecology:&horbar; It is found along the forest floor near annual streams, where stone banks remain moist throughout the year at an elevation from 800–1200 m. It was found in association with Piper pedicellatum C.DC., Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb., Musa sp., Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn., Impatiens arguta Hook.f. & Thomson, etc. along with mosses, liverworts and ferns. Specimen examined:&horbar; INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh: Lower Subansiri District, near Potin to Kimin road, 980 m, 21 March 2022, Momang Taram & D.Borah 9547 Herbarium of Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh., Published as part of Taram, Momang, Borah, Dipankar & Hughes, Mark, 2023, Two new records of Begonia for the flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh, pp. 115-120 in Phytotaxa 584 (2) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7639299, {"references":["Li, J. W., Tan, Y. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, C. W. & Jin, X. H. (2018) Begonia medogensis, a new species of Begoniaceae from Western China and Northern Myanmar. PhytoKeys 18: 13 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 103.25392","Chen, W. H., Tian, D., Radbouchoom, S., Xiao, Y., Cong, Y. Y., Guo, S. & Shui, Y. M. (2018) Miscellaneous notes on Begonia medogensis (Begoniaceae). Phytotaxa 381 (1): 100 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 381.1.13"]}

Taram, Momang, Borah, Dipankar, Hughes, Mark (2023): Two new records of Begonia for the flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh. Phytotaxa 584 (2): 115-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.4

Begonia asperifolia Irmscher (1927: 359) (Fig. 2) Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, 2700 m a.s.l., 23rd August 1916, H. Handel-Mazzetti 9939 (Syntype-E[E00315023]). Herbs,deciduous.Tubers pink,subglobose, 1.3–2cm in diam.Stipules caducous.Leaves1–5, basal leaf1–2,occasionally on a short stem; petiole 8–23 cm, sub-glabrous or tomentose; blade broadly ovate, rugulose, asymmetric, 15–30 × 11–23 cm, abaxially pubescent, more prominent on veins, rusty tomentose, pinkish, adaxially sparsely pubescent or densely strigose, green; venation palmate, 6–8 veined, base slightly oblique, cordate, margin irregularly serrulate, undivided or very shallowly lobed. Inflorescences terminal, up to 30-flowered, cymose, 12–25 cm tall, branched up to 4 times, glabrescent; primary peduncle 8–11 cm long, secondary peduncle 5–8 cm long, tertiary peduncle 2–4 cm, quaternary peduncle 0.5–1.5 cm long; bracts oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 0.8–1.2 × 1–1.2 cm, hyaline, glabrous, apex obtuse, margin entire. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1–1.5 cm long; tepals 4, pink, glabrous, outer 2 sub-orbicular, 10–1.03 × 10–12 mm, inner 2 oblong to ovate-oblong, 0.8–1 × 0.3–0.6 cm; stamens numerous; filaments free c. 1 mm; anthers oblong, c. 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 2–3 cm; tepals 5 or 6, pink, unequal, obovate to sub-orbicular, 5–12 × 4–13 mm, glabrous; ovary elliptic, c. 7 × 5 mm, glabrous, 3–loculed; placentae axile, bi-lamellate; styles 3, free; stigmas Ushaped, slightly spiralled. Capsule pendulous, oblong to obovoid-oblong, unequally 3-winged; central wing triangular or obliquely so, 12–14 × 8–11 mm; lateral wings 3–4 mm, rarely absent or reduced to very narrow lamellae. Flowering and Fruiting:&horbar; August–November. Distribution:&horbar; China (northwestern Yunnan and Tibet), Myanmar (Chin State) and India (Arunachal Pradesh). Habitat and Ecology:&horbar; It grows on vertical cliffs along with Begonia josephi A.DC., Begonia markiana Taram, Wahlsteen & D.Borah, Henckelia pumila (D.Don) A.Dietr., Henckelia lachenensis (C.B.Clarke) D.J.Middleton & Mich.Möller, etc. along with mosses and liverworts. Specimen examined:&horbar; INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Dibang Valley District, Mayodia, 2000 m, 22 September 2021, M. Taram & O.Taku 5478 (ASSAM)., Published as part of Taram, Momang, Borah, Dipankar & Hughes, Mark, 2023, Two new records of Begonia for the flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh, pp. 115-120 in Phytotaxa 584 (2) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7639299, {"references":["Irmscher, E. (1927) Beitrage zur kenntnis der ostasiatischen Begonien. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 6: 343 - 360."]}

The genus Begonia has not only been recognised to be one of the mega-diverse plant genera but also as one found to comprise many undiscovered species. In particular, the increase of extensive field surveys in tropical regions of Southeast Asia has added to the discovery of many new species that are often found only in a few localities. In this study, the new taxon Begonia fimbristipula subsp. siamensissubsp. nov. from Thailand is described. The Thailand accessions are highly similar in their morphology to accessions of B. fimbristipula from southern China but differ in their tuber shape, peduncle trichomes, petiole trichomes and number of female tepals. The new taxon has been found only in the northern parts of Thailand occurring at elevations above 1,300 meters. The new findings not only contribute to our knowledge of the plant diversity of Thailand but provide also critical information contributing to the protection of this species. In China, this species is endangered which is of special concern given its utilisation as a medical herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Considering IUCN Red List Categories, the new subspecies is considered to be Vulnerable. The disjunct distribution of the two subspecies of B. fimbristipula encourages urgently needed comparative taxonomic studies across the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Begonia giganticaulis, a huge new species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum of Begoniaceae from southern Xizang (Tibet) of China, is described. Morphologically, it is mostly similar to B. longifolia and B. acetosella, but clearly differs from the former mainly by its dioecious and taller plants, sparse hairs on abaxial veins, longer inflorescence, unique shape of fruits, and differs from the latter mainly by its late and longer flowering time, 6-tepals of female flower and 3-loculed ovary. The phylogenetic analyses also support the separation of the new species from other taxa. Based on the current data, its conservation status is assigned to Endangered (B2a) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Begonia dalaiensis B. Das, J. Saikia & D. Banik sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2) Type: — INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, Anjaw District, towards Chaglagam, near Meepani bridge, 28°15’53.6’’N, 96°34’28.95’’E, elevation 1335 m, 25 March 2022, Bikas Das, Jadumoni Saikia & Dipanwita Banik CSIR-NEIST 0205, (Holotype: CAL, Isotype: ASSAM, CSIR-NEIST) Diagnosis: —The species in its vegetative form shows greatest similarities with the widely distributed B. acetosella, B. longifolia and B. roxburghii due to its erect nature, caulescent habit and baccate ovary. The new species differs from B. acetosella based on male inflorescence with 12–16 flowers, 3-locular ovary and 2 styles (vs. 3–5 flowers in male inflorescence, 4-locular ovary with 4 styles); from B. longifolia in having a dioecious sexual system and 2 styles (vs. monoecious sexual system and 3 styles); and from B. roxburghii in having a 3-locular ovary with 3-horns, possessing 2 styles (vs. 4-locular ovary with 4 horn like projections bearing 4 styles). Dioecious, caulescent erect herb, perennial, up to 80 cm tall. Rhizome 5–8 cm. Stem branched, erect, slender, green with red tint and white spots, ridged, glabrous, internodes 5–20 cm long, 3–6 cm thick at node. Stipules thick, triangularovate, apex acuminate, glabrous, 1–1.5 × ca. 0.5 cm. Petiole green, ridged like the stem, glabrous, 4.5–9.5 cm long. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 10–18 × 6–10 cm, asymmetric, venation palmate, basifixed, base slightly overlapping to non-overlapping, cordate-oblique, apex acute-acuminate, margin entire, green above, pale green underneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence cymose, axillary, peduncle highly reduced, 12– 16 male flowers and 3– 9 female flowers per inflorescence. Bracts greenish-brown, lanceolate-linear, glabrous, nerved, apex acuminate, base truncate, 10–11 × ca. 7 mm, caducous. Staminate flower pedicel glabrous, white to pale pink, 18–25 mm long; corolla ca. 3 cm across, tepals 4 (2+2), white to pink, glabrous, fleshy; outer tepals 2, ovate-elliptic, concave, white-pinkish white, veins somewhat distinct, margin entire, apex rounded-cordate or somewhat erose, 1.4–1.5 × 1.2–1.3 cm; inner tepals 2, glabrous, white to pink, elliptic, margin entire, apex rounded, ca. 1.4 × 1 cm; androecium cylindrical, ca. 10 × 11 mm, stamens 60–90, 5–6 mm long; anther oblong, yellow, 2–2.5 mm, connective extended at apex, apex acuminate, dehisces through lateral longitudinal slits. Pistillate flower pedicel glabrous, 18–22 mm, white-pink, corolla fleshy, 2.8–3 × 2–2.5 cm across; tepals 5, white, unequal, 1–1.7 × 0.6–0.8 cm, oblong to obovate, glabrous, shiny, veins distinct, margin entire, apex rounded, erose; styles 2, free, yellow-white, 0.5–0.8 cm, stigmatic surface twisted; ovary baccate, tri-locular, glabrous, green, tri-horned, placentation axile, placentae bifid, ca. 13 × 7 mm. Fruits not seen. Etymology:— The specific epithet is named after the type locality “Dalai Valley” of Anjaw district, known for its great floristic wealth. Distribution and ecology:— The species shares its habitat with Impatiens sp., Elatostema sp., Melastoma sp., Polygonum sp. and some ferns. It grows along moist shady mountain slopes near streams as well as in forest understory and roadside (Fig. 2). Phenology:— Flowering during March-April. Specimens examined: INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh: Anjaw district, near Meepani bridge, 1335 m, 24 March 2022, B. Das, J. Saikia, D. Banik (CSIR-NEIST 0215) fls.; Lohit district, Hayuliang road, 27°56’00.7”N, 96°21’18.7”E, 1680 m, 06 August 2022, B. Das, J. Saikia, D. Banik (CSIR-NEIST 0210). Conservation status:— Begonia dalaiensis is currently known from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Four populations were discovered comprising a total of less than 200 individuals. Based on GeoCAT analysis (Bachman et al., 2011), the species has an extent of occurrence of 38 sq. km area and area of occupancy of 16 sq. km. However the populations are in an almost linear configuration in the montane forest area which greatly reduces the EOO. In addition there is a chance that additional populations could occur in the nearby areas with similar habitats. The data from our initial field survey needs adding to before we are confident in assigning a threat category to B. dalaiensis. Hence, according to the IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022), we provisionally assign B. dalaiensis to the Data Deficient category (DD). Notes:— Begonia dalaiensis belongs to B. sect. Platycentrum based on having a rhizomatous habit, extended anther connectives, 3-locular ovary and convolute stigma; the sectional placement is supported by the molecular phylogeny. The species shows close affinities with the Himalayan species of the former section Sphenanthera, which are mostly comprised of dioecious Begonia with baccate fruits. B. giganticaulis is another dioecious species reported from southern Xizang, China, which shows close affinities with the new species, but differs in attaining a height up to 4 m and in having shortly crested ovary and flowering during June-October whereas B. dalaiensis from Arunachal Pradesh, India grows to approximately 80 cm, has a horned ovary, and flowers in March-April. The differences among these taxa are summarised in Table 2. Phylogenetic position:— The final dataset comprised 408 bases including gaps, with 263 conserved, 66 variable and 79 parsimony informative sites, respectively. The phylogram obtained from Maximum parsimony analysis and Bayesian analysis showed identical tree topology (Fig. 3). The three accessions of the new species formed a clade (BI = 1.00, BS = 96.54%), sister to a clade of the morphologically similar dioecious taxa B. giganticaulis, B. acetosella var. acetosella and B. acetosella var. hirtifolia Irmsch. All species sampled resolved as monophyletic., Published as part of Das, Bikas, Saikia, Jadumoni, Konwar, Parthapratim, Siga, Appu & Banik, Dipanwita, 2022, A new dioecious species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India, pp. 89-96 in Phytotaxa 575 (1) on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7403333, {"references":["Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A. W., de Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 126: 117 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 150.2109","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf]"]}

A new species, Begonia dalaiensis (sect. Platycentrum) is described from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. A morphological description along with a photographic plate, distribution map and conservation status is provided here. The phylogenetic relationship among the allied species of this section is also established here based on molecular evidence.

Casparya, one of the most species-rich sections of Begonia in the Neotropics with 44 species, is distributed from Costa Rica to Peru, with the highest diversity in the Colombian Andes. The section is morphologically well-differentiated and can be distinguished from other Andean cane-like begonias by the 3-horned fruit and multifid or un-divided styles. Here we describe eight taxonomic novelties for Casparya from Colombia, five species and three varieties, descriptions include illustrations, distribution maps, taxonomic comments, and assessments of conservation status. The five species described here are: Begonia diegoi, Begonia galeanoi, Begonia mamapachensis, Begonia perijaensis, and Begonia vinagrera; and the three new varieties are: Begonia kalbreyerii var. orquidensis, Begonia silverstonei var. brevipetiolata, and Begonia vinagrera var. pomecensis. We also present a taxonomic key for the 32 species of Casparya so far known from Colombia.

The previously reported begonias in a limestone forest of Guangxi mainly belong to Begonia sect. Coelocentrum Irmscher. In this article, we described and illustrated a new species in sect. Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC., Begonia parvibracteata X.X.Feng, R.K.Li & Z.X.Liu, which was discovered in a karst forest of south-western Guangxi. The begonia shows high morphological similarity to B. subhowii S.H. Huang and B. psilophylla Irmscher, but differs from the latter two in its narrower oblique-ovate asymmetric leaf blade, 4 (occasionally 6) tepals of pistillate flower and smaller membranous inflorescence bracts. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS sequence data, supports the new species as monophyletic and distinct from B. subhowii and B. psilophylla. Considering its narrow distribution and the disturbance of human activities, the conservation status of new taxon is evaluated as “Vulnerable” (VU B1, B2 ab (i, iv, v), D2) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

HOANG, THANH SON, LIN, CHE-WEI (2022): Two new species, Begonia minhaniae and B. dieuanhiae (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), from northwestern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 87-96, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.6

Begonia minhaniae T.S.Hoang & C.W.Lin, sp. nov. § Platycentrum (Figs. 2 & 3) Type:— VIETNAM: Yen Bai province, Van Tran District, 21.707777N, 104.341748E, 512 m elevation, 22 July 2021, flowers and fruits, Hoang Thanh Son 8754 (Holotype VAFS; Isotypes VNMN). Monoecious rhizomatous herb. Rhizome stout, reddish-brown, 3–5 cm or longer, 5−7 mm thick, internodes 2−7 mm long, sparsely pale brown tomentose. Stipules often caducous, yellow tinged crimson, triangular to very widely ovate-triangular, 4–6 × 3–7 mm, herbaceous, keeled, glabrous or abaxially sparsely tomentose, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded and mucronate. Leaves alternate, petiole terete, brownish-red to crimson, 4−10 cm long, 2−4.5 mm diameter, densely subappressed yellowish-brown tomentose; leaf blade asymmetric, oblique, widely ovate, 8.5−12.5 × 6–9.5 cm, broad side 3.6–5.5 cm wide, basal lobes cordate, 1.6–3 cm long, apex acute to acuminate, margin subentire to crenulate with a line of red puberulous hairs; leaf chartaceous, succulent, adaxially lime green, glabrous; abaxially pale green, glabrous except on veins; venation basally ca. 7 palmate, veins green adaxially, yellowish-green and sparsely red puberulous abaxially; midrib distinct, ca. 2 secondary veins on each side, other primary veins branching dichotomously or nearly so, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, bisexual, cymose arising directly from rhizome, ca. 2 orders of branching; peduncle reddish-green to crimson, ca. 10 cm long, sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose. Bracts caducous, yellowish-red to pale brown, at basal node of inflorescence ovate, ca. 4 × 2 mm, abaxially sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose or glabrous, margin ciliate; bracts of upper inflorescence similar but smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel yellowish-red, ca. 2 cm long, very sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose, tepals 4, pink, outer 2 orbicular to very widely ovate, ca. 1 cm across, adaxially very sparsely puberulous or glabrous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 2 elliptic, ca. 10 × 6 mm, glabrous, apex rounded; androecium zygomorphic, ca. 3.5 mm across; stamens golden yellow, ca. 15; filaments ca. 2 mm long, fused at base; anthers obovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, 2-locular, apex slightly retuse. Pistillate flower (immature): pedicel ca. 5 mm long with a pairs alternate bracteoles ca. 2 × 1 mm, ciliate; sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose, tepals 3, pink, outer 2 orbicular, ca. 8 mm across, subglabrous; inner 1 obovate, ca. 7 × 2.5 mm; ovary trigonous-ellipsoid, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm; 3-winged, wings unequal, ca. 6 mm long, lateral wings narrower, narrowly triangular, abaxial wing triangular, margin entire, glabrous or sparsely tomentose; ovary 3-locular, placenta bilamellate; styles 3, fused at base, yellow, U-shaped, stigma spirally twisted. Capsule trigonousellipsoid, ca. 9 mm long, 6 mm thick (wings excluded), reddish-green when fresh; wings unequal, ca. 11 mm long, lateral wings ca. 2 mm wide, abaxial wing triangular, ca. 5 mm wide. Distribution and ecology:— Begonia minhaniae is only known from the type locality in Van Tran District. It grows on moist cliff faces in shady lower primary evergreen broad-leaved forests, elevation ca. 512 m. Etymology:— The species is named in honor of Ms. Minh An Hoang, the second daughter of the first author. She is always the first author’s motivation to research and find new species. Conservation status:— We assess B. minhaniae to be Endangered based on criteria ENC2a(i) (IUCN 2022). This species has only four known populations in one single location with the number of mature individuals being less than 100, all of the populations were in areas which have no formal legal protection (its distribution overlapping the Mu Cang Chai Protection Forest, but it is not included on any national protected areas system). In the areas, the most prominent threat to the new species is deforestation, along with other human activities such as such as farming from around the habitat, which means it is prone to the risk of extinction due to chance events. Notes:— Like Begonia phouchomvoyensis Lanors., Lamxay & Souvann. (Lanorsavanh et al., 2020), this new species belongs to sect. Platycentrum. The two share several characters including rhizomatous habit, hairy petioles and abaxial lamina, 4-tepaled staminate flowers, pistillate flowers with 3 tepals and ovary 3 locules, but the new species can be distinguished by its stipule margin ciliate (vs. entire), the petiole densely subappressed yellowish-brown tomentose (vs. red villous), the leaf is glabrous on the adaxial surface (vs. strigose), the peduncle sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose (vs. red villous) and pedicel of pistillate flowers with two bracteoles (vs. bracteoles absent). A comparison of B. minhaniae and B. phouchomvoyensis is presented in Table 1. The character of pistillate flowers with unequal 3 tepals is uncommon in sect. Platycentrum, shared between B. phouchomvoyensis and B. minhaniae., Published as part of HOANG, THANH SON & LIN, CHE-WEI, 2022, Two new species, Begonia minhaniae and B. dieuanhiae (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 87-96 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7305694