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One of the most critical problems faced by modern civilization is the depletion of freshwater resources due to their continuous consumption and contamination with different organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper considers the potential of already discovered MXenes in combination with carbon nanomaterials to address this problem. MXene appears to be a highly promising candidate for water purification due to its large surface area and electrochemical activity. However, the problems of swelling, stability, high cost, and scalability need to be overcome. The synthesis methods for MXene and its composites with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and cellulose nanofibers, along with their structure, properties, and mechanisms for removing various pollutants from water, are described. This review discusses the synthesis methods, properties, and mechanisms of water purification using MXene and its composites. It also explores the fundamental aspects of MXene/carbon nanocomposites in various forms, such as membranes, aerogels, and textiles. A comparative analysis of the latest research on this topic shows the progress in this field and the limitations for the practical application of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to solve the problem of drinking water scarcity. Consequently, this review demonstrates the relevance and promise of the material and underscores the importance of further research and development of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to provide effective water treatment solutions.

The sustainable development of hydrogen energy is a priority task for a possible solution to the global energy crisis. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source that today is used exclusively in the form of compressed gas or in liquefied form, which prevents its widespread use. Storing hydrogen in solid-state systems will not only increase the bulk density and gravimetric capacity, but will also have a positive impact on safety issues. From this point of view, the current review considers the latest research in the field of application of 1D nanomaterials for solid-state hydrogen storage, and also discusses the mechanisms of its adsorption and desorption. Despite the high publication activity, the use of 1D nanomaterials for hydrogen storage has not been fully studied. In the current review, modern developments in the field of hydrogen storage using 1D nanomaterials and composites based on them are investigated in detail, and their problems and future prospects are discussed.

Interest in carbon fibers (CFs) is due to their chemical properties, high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, which makes them promising candidates for various kinds of practical applications. The need to develop low-cost technologies for producing CFs is a major factor in research in this area. Currently, the widespread commercial use of CFs is limited by their high cost, which primarily depends on the type of carbon feedstock. Conventional methods for producing CFs use expensive raw materials such as hydrocarbons and graphite. A possible solution to this problem is the use of coal, petroleum and coal tar as an effective precursor to produce CFs. The review examines recent progress in the synthesis of CFs using petroleum and coal tar and details the prospects for their application in the energy sector and as a structural material for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds. In addition, methods for improving the chemical and structural properties of these CFs have been reviewed and described.