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Integrating scientific and cultural knowledge is pivotal in the conservation of a geopark. Using case study from the Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, the main aim of this article is to discuss the connection between scientific aspects of geological landscape and myths, legends and folklore in the area (or also known as geomythology). Langkawi's geological landscape comprises five key rock formations known as Machincang, Setul, Singa, Chuping and igneous rock of Gunung Raya. Each formation consists of exposed rock diversity that resulted from tectonic activity and weathering process caused by waves and surface runoff water. Langkawi's geological landscapes are bestowed with distinctive rock diversity that hold within them mysterious legends, myths and folklore, in which connect local communities with landscapes. Among the well-known geomythology, or legends associated within these geological landscapes, are Gunung Machinchang, Gunung Raya and Belanga Pecah (Battle of the Giants of Mat Chinchang and Mat Raya), Gua Cherita (Legend of The Roman Emperor's Son and mythical giant bird) and Pulau Dayang Bunting (Tale of A Pregnant Maiden). The interpretation of landscape from a scientific perspective together with cultural knowledge has revealed an intrinsic link between geology and its people. In a sense, geomythology carries great significance to geopark development, not only for conservation purpose but it also serves as a means to boost local tourism that can in turn facilitate the local socio-economic development of the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper represents one of the first attempts at exploring the perspectives of the local communities on the designation of Langkawi Island in Malaysia as a UNESCO Global Geopark. It is premised on the widely acknowledged assertion that the local communities constitute an important group of stakeholders in the planning and implementation of development activities. Hence, the communities living in the geopark areas in Langkawi are considered important stakeholders who play a crucial role in the development of heritage tourism in Langkawi Global Geopark. This paper examines their views on their appreciation of the geopark as heritage, the interpretation of their shared values, the benefits and opportunities afforded by the geopark, and the extent of their involvement in the implementation of geopark activities. The findings point to the need for more support for public education programmes, and awareness initiatives aimed not only at ensuring community engagement with the development of Langkawi Geopark but also at generating stewardship actions from the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has three main purposes. The first is to examine the planning and implementation processes involved in Langkawi's development - particularly since its establishment as an international tourist destination - providing a brief account of the stages of its development from a dutyfree island (1987) to Global Geopark (2007). The second purpose is to identify Langkawi's degree of marginality in terms of its livelihood assets, particularly its human, social and financial capital. The third focus of study addresses the issue of whether Geopark status has the potential to enhance livelihoods and the sustainability of island communities. Case studies of three locations on Langkawi (Padang Mat Sirat, Kilim and Pulau Tuba) are used to illustrate marginalisation in different types of locality. The results confirm that at local levels, the trickledown effect of growth that benefits and reaches poor and vulnerable groups takes time due to the degree of accessibility of groups to resources, social and physical infrastructures and achievement in education and technical skills. In fact, the unemployment rate was significantly high for these areas, especially for Pulau Tuba due to its location off the main island. Regarding local participation based on types of employment, the results confirm little movement in terms of upward mobility. Hence, investment efforts, either by government or the private sector, are needed to revive the present economic activities with diversified concepts that are appropriate for the local community. The challenge to ensure effective participation and sustainability is a multifaceted one which requires commitment from individuals, the community and development agencies such as LADA and the District Office, to channel suitable socioeconomicdriven projects to improve local livelihoods and to encourage bottomup participation among locals by empowering them in the development and planning processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]