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Copyright of Journal of Marine & Coastal Science is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I expose the effect of beach areas modernization in Mexico, that is, their transformation into international tourist destinations, as well as the role they played in the introduction of new social practices, in the revolution of customs, and in the change or reinforcement of emotional regulations that would be welcomed by some national visitors. My analysis focuses on Acapulco, the first international tourist center in the country. Through the study of its evolution as a vacation destination, and a brief tour of some films of the time and tourist propaganda that took place in the mentioned port, it is possible to observe the transfer of American "beach culture" to tourists from the Mexican coasts, the role they played in the resignification of the exhibition of the semi-naked bodies of young women and in the intergender interactions between members of said age group, which would have visible effects in the 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research endeavors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Community-Based Development of the Lasiana Beach Tourism Area. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data for this study were gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research's focal points include Attractions, Accommodation, Accessibility, Awareness/Promotion, and Amenities/Supporting Facilities. The findings reveal that the development of the Lasiana Beach tourist area has yet to achieve its intended goals, and its progress has not been optimal, primarily due to the absence of diverse arts and cultural events as attractions. The inadequate provision of accommodations such as homestays, cafes, and restaurants within the vicinity further hinders the area's development. However, commendably, the road accessibility is excellent. There exists a noticeable deficiency in promotional efforts, particularly through digital and non-digital media channels and events. Additionally, the absence of supporting facilities within the area diminishes its appeal to potential tourists. This inadequacy is largely attributed to the community's limited involvement in the development of the Lasiana Beach area. To realize the full potential of Lasiana Beach as a tourist destination, it is imperative for the community to actively participate in its development. Collaborative efforts can enhance the range of attractions, improve accommodations, intensify promotional strategies, and bolster supporting facilities, ultimately fostering sustainable tourism growth in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the tourism sector has experienced significant expansion, with the beach ecosystem emerging as the most popular destination for recreational and leisure pursuits. The proliferation of marine tourism activities has resulted in undeniable ecological consequences, including but not limited to the generation of solid waste, noise and air pollution, unattractive landscapes, and degradation of the coastal biome. The Blue Flag certification has been widely embraced by several coastal municipalities as a means of addressing the adverse environmental consequences that arise from tourism and recreational activities. The objective of this research is to evaluate the perceptions and level of awareness of beach visitors regarding the Blue Flag award, as well as determine if their selection of a beach destination is influenced by the Blue Flag standards. The study employed a quantitative methodology and gathered data, using convenience sampling, from beach visitors at nine Blue Flag beaches located in KwaZulu-Natal. The data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The findings suggest that there is a dearth of awareness among beach visitors regarding the Blue Flag certification and that certain criteria associated with the award have an impact on their selection of beaches. The study is expected to yield significant advantages in enhancing and strengthening the Blue Flag certification program within the country at large. Additionally, it will promote the necessity of public environmental education and awareness regarding the award. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal tourism is a significant part of the contemporary tourism, which is growing more and more due to the increasing world population with recreational needs. A part of the coastal tourism refers to using the coastal seawater for recreational activities, such as bathing. The bathing water quality is important for tourist fluxes and maintaining it at high standards is a challenge because of the today's accelerated changes of the natural environment. Using the bibliometric tools biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the main research themes and keywords of some specific research studies (from Web of Science Core Collection) are presented in a graphic form by using a tree map, a production and collaboration map, a three-field plot and a co-occurrence network map. Some of the common words in the selected scientific literature are: "economy", "management", "improvement", "recreational activities", "wastewater", "sewage", "contamination", "pollution", "Escherichia coli", "enterococci", "model". Frequently mentioned places are Brazil and Adriatic Sea. An upgraded management of the coastal areas is needed for a sustainable tourism in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand's eastern provinces are essential as a hub for industry and tourism, effect to the study has purposed for heavy metal contamination of a beach in the Thai Gulf area in the east of Thailand was monitored and focuses on the use of the enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) to indicate the environmental condition of beaches. The 30 sample sites were in Chonburi (CHR), Rayong (RY), Chanthaburi (CB), and Trad (TR) provinces, along a sandy beach of about 320 kilometers in length. An inductively coupled plasma technique (ICP-OES) was used to analyze the heavy metals present in the samples. The sand of the range with granulometries greater than 0.85 (18%), between 0.85-0.25 (77%), or less than 0.25 mm (5%). The most common heavy metal found in the samples was Fe at 1632±931 mg/kg dry weight, and the number of heavy metals found in the samples did not exceed the Pollution Control Department of Thailand standards. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that land use activities influence Hg content. The Igeo of Hg was 1-1.99 (moderately polluted) in sample location 4th of the Rayong province, which has an industrial zone and a port. The EF was mainly within the range of 2-5 in the four provinces studied (indicating deficiency to minimal enrichment), except for one location in Trad and Rayong province, which had an EF of over 5; a possible reason for this is that the area is close to agricultural and aquacultural zones, the government organizations can use the data to plan, monitor, and promote tourism in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, the incidence of shark encounters and bite incidents has been steadily increasing. This project seeks to address whether there are particular locations in California where the prevalence of shark bites has been higher or rising more rapidly, pinpointing the southern portion of the Southern California Bight (SCB) as a location where shark encounters and bites have been occurring with greater frequency in the two most recent decades. Notably, more incidents took place in this area from 2000-2019 than in the ‘Red Triangle’, a region in which approximately two-thirds of all California shark bites have historically occurred. In addressing the SCB, this project assesses available non-lethal sharkbite mitigation tools, with the determination that none offer viable options for use in SouthernCalifornia. Most of the current technological tools available come with high costs, low returns, and have not been extensively tested to determine their accuracy and effectiveness. This study recommends that continued effort be directed towards educating beach users to the risks inherent in ocean activities while providing practical suggestions for reducing the risk of shark bites.

The beach is one of the most important tourist destinations in Mexico, where various commercial activities are carried out that directly influence economic development. According to Richard Butler's theory of the life cycle of tourist destinations, the research objective is to make an inventory and compare the tourist businesses between Acapulco and Cancun. With a quantitative methodology in a case study, complemented with phenomenological qualitative aspects, the commercial activities that satisfy tourists and visitors' requirements and expectations were recorded, classified, and compared. The results section describes the similarities and differences of the tourist businesses carried out in Cancun and Acapulco, the representative offer of condominiums in Acapulco, and more hotels in Cancun, concluding that the rest of the tourist businesses are complemented by their line of business tourism or domestic respectively. Therefore, the result will serve as input shortly to Cancun for future decision-making in terms of innovation and strengthening the industry of products and services offered and demanded.

Garbage at sea is a growing and worldwide problem. Governador Celso Ramos is located on the central coast of Santa Catarina and has tourism and fishing as the predominant economic activities. This study tested hypotheses regarding seasonal variability and the most likely origin of marine litter through sampling with spatial and temporal replication. The influence of the season on the density of marine litter was not a significant factor across beaches studied. Items probably associated with fishing activity were more present in winter, while items associated with recreational use of the beach were observed in greater numbers in summer. These results may help the municipality to better direct environmental management and education initiatives aimed at combating waste at sea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it experiences strong growth in international and domestic tourism, Southeast Asia is a key region for examining contemporary tourism globalization. The coasts are privileged areas for studying social dynamics and territorial restructuring linked to the current tourism dynamics. Through their beaches, Phuket (Thailand), Bali and Lombok (Indonesia), particularly, show the development of multiple territorialities associated with different uses and users. The simultaneous presence of Asian and Western beach users, whose practices differ in part, makes these beaches privileged observatories of the construction of the World as a space for social and cultural interactions.

Surabaya is one of the coastal cities in Indonesia that has significant potential because it is located directly opposite the Madura Strait. One of the potentials is the existence of tourist beaches such as Kenjeran Beach. Currently, there are two Kenjeran Beaches in Surabaya, namely Old Kenjeran Beach and New Kenjeran Beach. The development of New Kenjeran Beach is superior because of the wider land than Old Kenjeran Beach. The research aims to find out the potential of Old Kenjeran Beach Surabaya as a tourist beach. In addition, this study aims to calculate and know how to increase the value of the beach recreational index Old Kenjeran Beach based on 3 indexes, namely Beach Index (BI), Knowledge Index (KI), and Monetary Index (MI). The method used in this research is using online questionnaire method. It consists of 20 statements that are divided into 4 parameters, namely natural conditions, public facilities, community participation, and the economy of the community. Based on the calculation results, the beach index value has been obtained by 0.762 (medium), knowledge index 0.728 (medium), and monetary index 0.963 (high). The validation of each calculation depends on the accuracy of the respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURyDES is the property of TURYDES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sun and beach tourism is one of the main socioeconomic activities in the Dominican Republic. Air pollution is a determining factor for the health of local communities and tourists visiting a destination. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate the air quality in the northern coastal region of the Dominican Republic, specifically, in the tourist and recreational areas of the city of Puerto Plata. The purpose is twofold: on the one hand, to determine the concentration of PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10 and Total Suspended Particles on the beaches of Puerto Plata, the second destination for sun and country beach and, on the other hand, calculate the Air Quality Index of PM10 and PM2.5 in said beaches, following the methodology validated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Data is collected using specialized equipment, tabulated in Excel, and analyzed in the SPSS program. The results indicate that the quality of the beaches of Puerto Plata is good. There are two beaches that present a moderate air quality index (Malecón de Puerto Plata and Playa Dorada), the cause being the proximity to the international airport and the areas traveled by vehicles. The research provides recommendations to improve the Air Quality Regulation of the Dominican Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents a systematic and holistic approach to managing and mitigating beach accidents, emphasizing the intricate balance between human safety, environmental stewardship, and the economic vitality of coastal destinations. This study underlines the importance of classifying beach accidents by severity and type to tailor response strategies and allocate resources efficiently while also considering the multifaceted impacts of incidents on physical, psychological, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This review also highlights the complex interplay of environmental conditions, human behaviors, technological advancements, and management strategies in ensuring beach safety. It introduces comprehensive risk assessment models that integrate multidisciplinary expertise to quantify hazards, improve safety protocols, and reduce accidents. Additionally, it outlines a beach accident management strategy that combines preventive measures, immediate responses, post incident analysis, and continuous monitoring to safeguard public safety and preserve the ecological and recreational value of beach areas. This study calls for proactive safety measures, enhanced infrastructure, and community education to maintain safe, enjoyable, and sustainable beach environments, recognizing the challenges posed by inadequate resources, insufficient data, and the need to balance safety with environmental conservation. [Display omitted] • Safety is a necessary and mandatory aspect of the coastal tourism industry. • Accidents are unplanned events that result in tangible harm, injury, or damage. • The classification of beach accidents is based on severity, impact, and type. • Understanding various interacting factors is essential. • Identification, analysis, evaluation, and management of potential risks are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beaches are multidimensional environments, and their management must include the ecological, sociocultural and economic aspects. The continuous occupation of this ecosystem combined with the scarcity of adequate management plans has reduced the quality of coastal sceneries. Therefore, strategies are needed to ensure the perpetuity of resources and delivery of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to assess the coastal scenery quality at three sandy beaches of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A quali-quantitative approach was applied using measurable aspects, considering eight categories as accessibility, water quality, scenic quality, infrastructure, safety and environmental education, based on 67 indicators. The beaches commonly presented higher values for water quality, while environmental education had the lowest ranks, indicating that this category should be prioritised in management strategies. In addition to the low cost of this effective tool for beach management, it is quick to apply, easy to analyse and represents an advancement in important issues about the use of integrative indicators to evaluate coastal sceneries, providing a scientific base that can offer evidence about the main management priorities in areas where coastal tourism has a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics have proven useful in contemporary society. But accumulation of plastics in form of litter in the marine environment has become prevalent pollution affecting all of the worlds’ oceans. The Philippines being an archipelagic country heavily depends on the marine environment and the ecosystem services that it provides. However, it is also ranked as the third-largest producer of marine plastic pollution and the number one plastic riverine emitter. Tourism is an important economic activity for coastal populations throughout the Philippine archipelago. But there are limited studies that investigate plastic pollution in the tourism sector of the Philippines. This study assessed the macroplastic prevalence in the tourism environment of Barobo, Surigao del Sur. Plastic litters were sampled from four growing tourism sites (Cabgan Island, Turtle Island, Dapdap Beach, Panaraga Beach) of Barobo by establishing transect lines with quadrats. Results reveal that all four sites are contaminated with plastic litters. In terms of mainland and island beaches, beaches located on the island have thrice as many plastics with 0.41 items/m2, compared to 0.15 items/m2 on the mainland beaches. Plastic collected were predominantly food packaging, plastic bags, and fragments. Clean coast index calculations reveal that the tourist beaches of Barobo are moderately clean and clean beaches by international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the town of Canoas has transitioned from a fishing village to a growing tourist town, the beaches have become the center of economic and cultural activities. The occupation of beaches by small scale vendors has created conflict among different groups including hotel developers, surfers, migrants, and local politicians. These groups have different aesthetics and ideas of public space, creating conflicting over what beaches should look like and how they should be used. This research analyzes the day to day practices through which different groups claim beach spaces and the ways these claims are challenged. These conflicts illustrate the struggles over environmental governance between municipal, state, and federal governments. This research contextualizes the occupation of public space in a longer legal history of land occupation and environmental protection in Brazil, examining the constant negotiations between traditional and legal systems of land rights.

Half Moon Beach is one of the most popular beaches in Saudi Arabia and is located on the Persian Gulf. Empirical data regarding Saudi marine and coastal recreation and tourism is very limited. This study used a self-reply questionnaire to investigate beach visitors' (n = 280) characteristics, motivations, and activities. Results revealed that visitors were predominantly Saudis (95%) from the Eastern Province who visited Half Moon Beach for the purpose of enjoying the beauty of nature, the sea and sand, and to relax. Visitors (39%) were mostly satisfied with the overall experience but many (23%) expressed negative comments about their beach visits. They were dissatisfied with the low level of cleanliness of the beach and facilities, a lack of services and facilities, and the limited number of seaand beach-related activities. Visitors mostly (79%) supported more development of more activities at the beach. Furthermore, visitors (47%) suggested that activities should carefully target families and children and provide options that engage the whole family. Many visitors (37%) suggested that females are an important segment and should be targeted with activities that respect their cultural and religious practices and give them more chances to enjoy the beach visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sun exposure, although beneficial and enjoyable, has negative consequences, most prominently an increased risk of developing skin cancer. While sunbathing and other forms of sun exposure play a major role in tourism, they have been scarcely researched, and the objective of this study is to bridge this gap in the literature. The study examines the differences between the tourism and routine sun exposure patterns, attempting to reveal when and why individuals perceive sun exposure as dangerous. For this exploratory study, in-depth, semistructured interviews (N = 31) were conducted. The findings revealed three distinct behavioral patterns under different circumstances: (1) during everyday activities, participants did not use protection, as they did not perceive this exposure as dangerous; (2) at the beach or pool during nontourist leisure pastime, exposure to the sun is perceived as dangerous and protection is routinely used; and (3) in the course of vacations abroad, participants tend to expose themselves to the sun intensively, including for tanning purposes, without proper adherence to the use sun protection measures. These findings are consistent with the view of tourist spaces serve as "liminal zones" that allow individuals to take risks. The study suggests that relevant stakeholders such as public health authorities, tourism marketers, and holiday destinations should act to promote responsible sun exposure in the tourist context, to prevent skin cancer and other sunrelated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beaches constitute the most famous attractions at tourist destinations in Mexico, where various activities focused on trade are developed; it is pertinent to know and analyze to project its growth, stagnation, withdrawal, or diversification. The purpose of the research is to perform a comparative analysis of tourism businesses between two tourist destinations in the consolidation phase, Nuevo Vallarta and Cancun, according to the Tourism Lifecycle of Richard Butler's tourist destinations. The methodology used is qualitatively focused on a case study. In the results section, Cancun and Nuevo Vallarta's tourist businesses' similarities and differences are described, marking a similarity in their turns but different in their number. Cancun is the one with the most significant number of tourist businesses. Therefore, the result will serve as input shortly to Cancun or Nuevo Vallarta for future decision-making regarding innovation and strengthening the industry of products and services offered and demanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents an assessment of the acceptable tourist bathing load with regard to the physical, real, and effective carrying capacity of coastal beaches. In the case study of the Town of Mali Lošinj (Croatia), the paper scrutinises the carrying capacity of beaches categorised according to their basic characteristics and presents an analysis of beach capacity in the real conditions of the 2018 tourist season and in three hypothetical scenarios, two of which involve the application of recommendations for COVID-19 epidemiological measures. The basic hypothesis of the paper is that the real carrying capacity of beaches in the researched area under normal conditions is close to the upper load limits and that the carrying capacity of beaches will no longer be sufficient (vis-à-vis demand) when epidemiological recommendations are applied. The aim of this paper is to provide measurable bases for sustainable physical plans and development policies in tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An area will experience rapid progress if local government alongside the community is able to develop local potential with various innovations. This study aims to describe the potential of nature and innovation by the government alongside the community based on Shariah when creating tourism destinations with economic value. The research was conducted in the coastal environment of Santen Island of Banyuwangi district, East Java with a qualitative approach to the research and case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. With interactive data analysis, it was found that the Shariah-based innovation conducted by the government of Banyuwangi together with the community in Santen island has the potential to create tourism that can improve the economy of the local society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism in Mexico has been a great potential in the economy, since it occupies the third place in the collection of income, therefore, it is a key factor for planning in the country. The driver of this economy is largely the tourist businesses that the beach has, it is where they develop formal and informal business activities, useful to know and compare in order to determine their future diversification, growth, stagnation or withdrawal. The comparison that this study occupies is based on the theory of the life cycle of Richard Butler, where Manzanillo is in the stage of Consolidation and Puerto Vallarta in Stagnation. The objective of the research is to make an inventory, compare and analyze the tourist businesses these have. The methodology applied is a mixed approach, quantitative in the case study and qualitative phenomenological type; both were focused on the commercial activity that meets the needs of beach visitors. Subsequently, the results of the types of businesses are presented with what both study destinations compete, and those that they own independently, which provides an advantage and indicator in the decision-making process for the development of tourist destinations in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florida, one of the world's most visited tourist destinations, holds one of the most vulnerable positions as a result of climate change. Through a quantitative survey, this study gathered the responses of 432 tourists who had previously visited Florida, with a hypothetical scenario of changed climatic conditions. The examination of the tourist perspective showed the presence of ample sunshine and factors related to beach comfort as the reasons for choosing the destination. In a scenario were beaches disappear and tropical diseases become more widespread, the majority of respondents stated they would choose a different destination. However, respondents would reconsider their intentions if adaptation measures such as reduced prices, coastal habitat conservation and measures to protect beaches from erosion and coastal areas from inundation were in place. The findings suggest that seasonal and geographic shifts in tourism demand could be mitigated by the implementation of adaptation measures at the destination level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scenery, safety, facilities, water quality and litter quantities in coastal areas are relevant and determining elements in the choice of a tourist destination. This paper focused on the evaluation of coastal scenic value in 55 and 12 sites respectively located in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The information obtained gives public administrators and coastal managers the relevant data to avoid further environmental degradation and suggests measures to improve the present scenic value of tourist destinations. The methodology used was based on the analysis of 26 physical/human factors and applied fuzzy logic analysis and weighting matrices that allowed the sites to be classified into five classes, from Class I (natural areas with superior scenic characteristics) to Class V (poor scenic areas with relevant impact of human interventions). The most attractive beaches were in the Galapagos Islands due to the magnificent physical and environmental characteristics, while the Esmeraldas province presented sites of lower scenic beauty due to the low natural scenic value and the increase of human impacts. In total, 22% (15 out of 67) of the beaches investigated belonged to Class I, 12% (8) to Class II and 15% (10) to Class III. The last two classes included 51% of the beaches (i.e., 34 out of 67), of which 31% (21) was in Class IV and 20% (13) in Class V. Such results provide local managers and planners a solid inventory on coastal scenic characteristics and baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plan.

Tourism makes an important contribution to the economies of some territories, especially ‘sun and sand’ tourism that uses public domain areas. Some of these areas are operated through concession systems. This article studies the evolution of 31 eminently touristic beaches in 5 provinces of the Spanish Mediterranean coast during the period 2005–2016, analysing both their physical (shoreline evolution) and administrative (concessions documents) aspects. For this purpose, orthophotos interpreted by Geographic Information Systems are used, as well as the concession contract for each beach. The results obtained show that first, there is no relationship between the evolution of the shoreline and the surface area that is assigned under the concession agreement. Second, concessions do not follow uniform criteria (i.e., set boundaries, surface area, annual fee or distance from the water line). Despite the existence of specific legislation applicable to the entire Spanish coastline, there also exist loopholes in it. The conclusion of the study is that for the sustainable management of these areas, it is necessary to link the physical aspects of beaches with the management of the public domain. This would achieve a balance between the natural, economic and social aspects of the territory, and would ensure that there is no decrease in the quality of the beach, which would have a negative impact on visitor satisfaction. This is crucial to avoid in the tourism sector, which is a key GDP contributor for many countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil, is known as the diving capital due to its clear waters and great biodiversity, a consequence of the upwelling phenomenon. This feature attracts tourists tripling their population during holidays, causing increase in the amount of debris on beaches and waters endangering marine biodiversity. To evaluate the amount of solid waste found on beaches in two different holiday period, eight people in each beach collected macrodebris (≥2 cm) in a transect covering an 20 m wide area, during 20 min, in winter/2015 and summer/2017. The materials were weighed, quantified and characterized. In the summer, when the number of tourists is greater, a larger total amount of waste in units were found. Plastic and cigarette butts were the most abundant. The results show that the city does not have adequate planning to receive a large amount of tourists, being vulnerable to socioeconomic and environmental damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, tourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors around the globe. Its rapid growth and multiplier effect on other sectors of the economy of any given destination made it a viable tool for development. Considering the immense benefits of tourism, this research evaluated tourism as a tool for economic empowerment in Kogi State Nigeria, using the Confluence Beach Hotel as a case study. The Niger and Benue are the two largest rivers in West Africa and they meet at Lokoja in Kogi state, forming a Y-shape in what is a magnificent union and they then drain southwards into the ocean. While the Niger is brownish in colour, the Benue river is light green in colour. Fishing is carried on extensively on the rivers. There are also ferry and boat services as well as cruising facilities within the view of the confluence. The Confluence Beach Hotel was erected in 1999 in this unique geographical location and primarily offers accommodation, as well as food and beverage services to visitors along with other services and facilities. Since its establishment, the hotel has attracted both domestic and international tourists’. Their expenditure serves as a veritable source of income for members of the local community. The research employed a quantitative method and a questionnaire given to a study population of 100 people comprising the hotel visitors and some locals. Only 86 respondents returned the completed questionnaire and the data supplied were analyzed through the use of simple percentages to evaluate the response of the respondents. From the findings, the study reveals that the Confluence Beach Hotel has positively contributed to the economic well-being of the state and the host community.

This article proposes a reflection on the construction of the modern landscape in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, through the image produced and disseminated by mass communication magazines. The objective is to understand the ways in which the ways of seeing (Berger, 2000) and interpreting a media image participate in the material and symbolic construction of landscapes. In this sense, two sets of photographic images of Copacabana beach published in two editions of the magazine Manchete (1968 and 1971) are studied. Specifically, this research seeks to identify urban architectural elements and geographical conditions, which, linked to political, social and historical events, transformed Copacabana into a symbol of Brazilian modernity and icon of tourist leisure. Likewise, it is suggested that the photographic image is a technological mechanism that not only represents this landscape, but also participates in the construction and diffusion of the ideas and concepts that make up the same landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We surveyed more than 1,000 randomly sampled, out-of-state tourists at Delaware, USA beaches in 2007. After providing respondents with wind turbine project photo-simulations at several distances, we inquired about the effect development would have on visitation. Approximately one-quarter stated that they would switch beaches if an offshore wind project was located 10 km from the coast, with avoidance diminishing with greater distance from shore. Stated avoidance is less than: avoidance with a fossil fuel power plant located the same distance inland; attraction to a beach with offshore wind turbines; and the percentage stating they would likely pay to take a boat tour.

The number of tourists visiting coastal areas of the world is increasing every year, often resulting in negative impacts on the coastal environment. This paper proposes the analysis of ecosystem carrying and occupancy capacity (ECOC) as a useful tool for beach management. On the one hand, it considers the number of users that coincide simultaneously on a beach, including their temporal and spatial distribution and, on the other hand, it assesses the vulnerability of the ecosystem services (ES) present in the area. The combination of these two variables provides managers with integrated knowledge of the environmental and social elements that interact within their management area. The objective of this study was to carry out an analysis of ECOC on the beach of La Barrosa, located in southwestern Spain, during the summer season (July and August) of the years 2017 and 2020. To this end, a methodology was employed that can be applied in a generalized manner regardless of the physical-natural, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the area. The analysis consisted of four phases: (1) characterization and zoning of the study area; (2) identification, evaluation, and vulnerability of ecosystem services; (3) analysis of the distribution and occupation of users; (4) calculation of the ecosystem carrying and occupancy capacity. Different ECOC values were recorded during the study months and during the same day, due to the nature of the beach and the behavior of the users. ECOC levels were observed ranging from "extreme overload" to "adequate load". The results indicate that La Barrosa beach supports high pressure during the summer season derived from a large influx of users and the installation of the required services, which translate into impacts on the ES. We concluded that the existence and conservation of ES at La Barrosa beach play an essential role in the development of the tourism sector in which the municipality is economically sustained. For this reason, it is essential to carry out coastal management based on the study of the trend and state of the ES, determining their vulnerability and monitoring them over time, in order to promote sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics have become a global threat to sandy beach ecosystems. To efficiently manage this threat, potential sources of microplastics should be deeply understood, which requires direct evidence as this is always a challenging task. Previous studies have reported various sources; however, the topic still needs attention to identify other potential sources of microplastics on sandy shores. Therefore, the abundance, size, color, shape, and polymer type of microplastics on nine sandy shores of the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea were examined before and after the regular tourism season to understand whether short-term tourism might be an important source. A total of 3402 microplastic items from 270 sand samples were obtained and examined. Both the abundance and the average size of the microplastics increased after the tourism season associated with the potential number of visitors and beach cleaning efforts. Further, the color, shape, and polymer type of microplastics varied between sampling times. Beach cleaning seemed to be an efficient way to minimize the adverse effect of short-term tourism influence. This study clearly identifies short-term tourism as an important source of microplastics on sandy shores and beach cleaning as an important tool to minimize microplastic abundance. The results of this study are important insights into current literature by identifying another source of microplastics on sandy shores, which should be useful for the potential management actions to reduce the harm of these global pollutants. [Display omitted] • Short-term tourism was found as a major source for microplastics on sandy beaches. • Short-term tourism increased abundance and average size of the microplastics. • Short-term tourism changed the color and shape composition of microplastics. • Polystyrene microplastics dominated the sandy shores pre- and post-tourism season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance, nature and possible sources of litter on 32 beaches on the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean Sea) were investigated in 2005. Mean summer abundances in the Balearics reached approximately 36 items m-1, with a corresponding weight of 32±25 g m-1, which is comparable to the results of other studies in the Mediterranean. Multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and redundancy analysis) confirmed strong similarities between islands and a statistically significant seasonal evolution of litter composition and abundance. In summer (the high tourist season), debris contamination expressed as item abundance was double that in the low season and showed a heterogeneous nature associated with beach use. Cigarette butts were the most abundant item, accounting for up to 46% of the objects observed in the high tourist season. In contrast, plastics related to personal hygiene/medical items were predominant in wintertime (67%) and natural wood was the most important debris by weight (75%). In both seasons, litter characteristics suggested a strong relationship with local land-based origins. While beach users were the main source of summer debris, low tourist season litter was primarily attributed to drainage and outfall systems.

Coastal tourism is the largest segment of global leisure tourism and it is firmly linked to the destination's natural resources--with climatic resources chief among them. Through observations and survey responses of beach users, studies have evaluated climatic resources for coastal tourism by quantifying optimal and unacceptable conditions. However, these studies have not taken into consideration that different forms of holidays (e.g., daytrips, short trips, main annual holiday, "once-in-a-lifetime" trip) may have varying degrees of resilience to climatic conditions. This is the first study to explore whether ideal and unacceptable climatic conditions vary between domestic and international tourists. Using an in situ survey, Canadian beach users traveling domestically (n = 359) and internationally (n = 120) were examined. Key findings include statistically significant differences (p ≼ 0.05) between the two sample groups for every climate variable, with the international sample more resilient to a broader range of weather conditions, including a greater acceptance for warm temperatures, longer rainfall durations, higher wind speeds, and greater cloud cover. This study adds further insight into the complexities of evaluating climate for tourism, with implications for the demand response of tourists to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last century, increases in human population and beach tourism have affected coastlines worldwide. Resulting pressures on beach ecological systems demand research concerning tolerance of beach plants to disturbance by humans. At three different Baltic Sea beaches, Atriplex prostrata, Honckenya peploides and Crambe maritima were planted and observed while subjected to trampling stress intensities of 0, 1 and 2 footsteps·m·d. Plant height, leaf growth, number of leaves, chlorophyll content of leaves and fitness of photosystem II were measured at monthly intervals. Survival of plants was documented until the following summer. Linear mixed effect models fit the effects of trampling intensity, time and species on growth, photosynthetic productivity and reproduction of plants. Survival was fitted using general linear mixed models for binomial data. The results indicated that the annual species A. prostrata showed an initial decrease in growth at the first trampling treatment, but no effects on seed weight due to trampling pressure. Honckenya peploides was not affected by trampling. Crambe maritima showed a reduction in growth and survival under any level of trampling pressure. Experimental trampling pressure was compared to observed trampling intensities at beaches with low visitor frequency, which was ascertained to be between 3 and 8 footsteps·m·d. Because of the greater potential of endangerment for C. maritima, we suggest that nature conservation focus on reducing human trampling on the upper beach area, e.g. by closing this area. This practice would allow tourists continued recreational access to the water as well as to the lower beach area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]