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The aim of our research is to show how Székesfehérvár, an industrial city in Hungary, can adapt to the challenges of the 21st century in the field of sustainability from the perspective of tourism. The city has launched a number of initiatives that directly address the sustainability of tourism. These projects include the expansion of green spaces, the promotion of environmentally friendly transport solutions and the protection of the local economy and heritage. A key element in the development of sustainable tourism is raising environmental awareness, which includes the organisation of educational programmes and community events to promote sustainable lifestyles among residents and visitors. Our research looked at how sustainability is integrated into the city's tourism-related developments and how this approach is becoming a key element of urban development. In our analysis, we look in detail at specific projects and programmes that have been implemented in Székesfehérvár in the context of sustainability, and assess their effectiveness, challenges and reception by residents and tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan is a rather active and intensive process, the main task of which is the gradual development of tourism in the country, corresponding to regional and international requirements of the tourism business and the provision of a full range of tourist services of different levels and directions. The purpose of the research, outlined in the article, was the process of formation of a modern methodology of designing a tourism company, based on the practical experience of the authors for more than ten years. The authors studied and analyzed the main regulatory and legislative documents that have a direct impact on the development of tourism in the country, as well as reports of leading tourism organizations of the country. Modern trends in the market of the service sector were studied, a large-scale survey of both the actors of the tourism industry and consumers of tourism services was conducted. The authors prepared a qualitative algorithm for creating a tourism company, which was the result of practical activity in the field of opening and successful management of tourism business from 2012 to the present. These studies, outlined in the article, will allow not only to form a qualitative idea of the current stage of tourism development in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also give the opportunity to use the algorithm of opening a tourism company to build a successful tourism business in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Series of the Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov ENU is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reveals the theoretical and practical issues of using virtual reality technologies in the field of providing tourist services. The position is argued that innovative technologies, which are currently involved in all aspects of our lives, whether it is a commercial sphere or a service sphere, have not bypassed the tourism industry. Such technological development has become very effective in the national economy of any country in the world, as new technologies can overcome obstacles related to space and time barriers, pandemic outbreaks, etc. In the scientific literature, virtual tourism has become a rather promising phenomenon for the research of lawyers, marketers, sociologists and psychologists. The peculiarities of the application of virtual reality technologies in the tourism field have been the subject of research by many foreign scientists for several years. The largest number of publications on this issue is in Asian countries, in particular China and Indonesia, where the tourism sector has been most affected due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions. Their experimental studies reveal the main positive and negative aspects of the use of virtual reality technologies in the tourism sector. Within the framework of our research, attention is paid to the specifics of the application of certain types of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the field of providing tourist services. In particular, we characterized tourism using the system of immersive virtual reality technologies, photorealistic 360-degree virtual tours, travel blogs, live broadcasts. Although this is not an exclusive list, virtual tourism can be supplemented with technologies of augmented reality, panoramic online tour, 3D photos, videos, etc. It was found that the application of virtual reality technologies in tourism is indispensable for the creation of a new travel industry. It can enable users to visualize a virtual world by responding to visual, moving and audio cues, creating a sense of presence without having to leave their home or comfort zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores key aspects related to inclusive tourism and its impact on the social integration of individuals with disabilities in Ukraine during the period from 2017 to 2021. It highlights the increase in the number of people with disabilities and defines the concept of inclusive tourism, its development, and its purpose to facilitate the inclusion of the target audience into society. The interconnection between inclusive tourism and social integration is investigated, emphasizing the importance of the participation of individuals with disabilities in tourist events and programs. The article also analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inclusive tourism and explores possibilities for overcoming difficulties arising from travel restrictions. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the significance of inclusive tourism as a tool for social integration and addresses pertinent issues related to the development of this field, considering not only the demand for such services but also the challenges arising from external factors, such as the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article defines the key aspects of methodical support of financial management of entrepreneurial universities in the conditions of digitalization, smart economy and development of educational tourism. Attention is focused on the fact that at this time Ukraine faced complex phenomena caused by the invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of our state, which caused powerful changes in all sectors, industries and industries of Ukraine. It was noted that against the background of active digitalization and financial instability, migration shifts and the flow of human resources took place. In this context, there is a need for an active policy of creating and evaluating the effectiveness of the concept of financial management of entrepreneurial universities in the conditions of digitalization, smart economy and the development of educational tourism, taking into account the challenges faced by the modern economy of Ukraine. With the use of methods of production functions, the article proposes an assessment of the financial management of entrepreneurial universities. It was noted a need to increase the financial support of entrepreneurial universities, which is important for improving the quality of education and tax revenues at the regional and state levels. Attention is focused on the phenomenon of increased outflow of students outside of Ukraine with the simultaneous outflow of teaching staff abroad. It was noted that it is the effective financial policy of supporting entrepreneurial universities that can reduce negative phenomena in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the issues of developing a methodical approach to the analysis and assessment of the competitiveness capability of tourism industry (TI) entities. The main tasks of the study include the analysis of the existing methodical approaches to the assessment of the competitive potential (CP) of business entities and the level of TI development, the justification of the author's methodical approach based on the criteria of transformation of the CP, which allows to determine the level of balance between providers of tourist services and their consumers. The author's methodical approach to the analysis and assessment of the CP of the subjects of the TI is substantiated. The main features of the methodical approaches to assessing the competitive potential of TI entities (CPTIE) are the use of quantitative assessment methods, wide coverage of indicators, an assessment of the entity's strengths and weaknesses, its competitive advantages and relevant conditions for sustainable development, extensive use of the rank method. The proposed methodical model consists of 5 blocks: Block 1 – justification of research elements; Block 2 – determination of research areas; Block 3 – selection of indicators system; Block 4 – calculation of the integral index; Block 5 – transformation of the CPTIE depending on the level of balance/imbalance between suppliers and consumers of tourism services. Each of the blocks contains structural elements of analytical research. The results of the study indicate that the proposed methodical approach to the assessment and analysis of the CPTIE can be used as a basis for developing differentiated approaches to the assessment of transformational changes depending on the phase of their current state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose -- to highlight the peculiarities of the construction of the regime of residence and movement for foreign citizens in Soviet Ukraine in 1919s--1959s. The analysis covers the period from the beginning of the formation of the recording and registration system to the time when a clear organizational and executive system of legal and geographical prohibitions for visitors from abroad was built. The research objectives are to analyze the main principles of the Bolshevik concept of geographical and social isolation, the legal framework of various prohibitions and restrictions, and to review the institutional and instrumental specifics of control over foreigners. The methodology combines the tools of historical and legal analysis, social anthropology and the concept of social creation of spatial. The scientific novelty lies in the formulation and disclosure of the problem of conceptualization and practical implementation of prohibitions and restrictions for foreigners who visited the Ukrainian SSR, highlighting the peculiarities of transformations on the way from regular registration to strict control over them. Conclusions. The author has proved that the first practices of restrictions for foreigners who, for various reasons, were in Soviet Ukraine emerged in the first years after the Bolsheviks seized power. Certain milestones in the establishment of a special regime for foreign visitors were in 1935--1936 when the first rules of residence and movement were introduced for them, and 1959, on the eve of the beginning of mass foreign tourism, when a clear hierarchy and area of institutional responsibility were already established and the list of closed areas was specified. It was established that the Communist Party leadership, the high military command, and the Soviet special services were involved in the formation of the inaccessible area. The latter also took practical measures to ensure that guests from abroad complied with the regime rules. Strict control of behavior and restrictions on the movement of foreigners formed their specific view of the Soviet state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Series of the Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov ENU is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sphere of services is one of the most important spheres of public life that influences the quality of life of the population. Tourist service is the result of the activities of a tourist enterprise aimed at satisfying the corresponding needs of tourists. The work of a tourist enterprise includes organizing the entire trip and providing individual services. The analysis of tourist enterprises in conditions of economic instability and practical proposals for increasing their economic activity are a relevant research topic. The works of domestic scientists on the organization of tourist activities, analysis of the activities of tourist enterprises, characteristics of organizational processes, creation and operation of a tourist enterprise, technology of designing, developing, and selling tourist products were analyzed in the study. The choice of the research object - the network of travel agencies "Let's Go Together", which ranks 18th out of 50 tourist companies in the national rating of 2022, is sufficiently competitive in the market of tourist services, and has the opportunity to improve its rating through activity optimization. Based on the analysis, proposals were formulated to activate and increase the efficiency of the network of travel agencies "Let's Go Together", which found reflection in the following directions: expanding the range of services, namely creating a new tourist product - detox tours, introducing Instagram tours, promoting cruise tourism, actively developing domestic tourism; a wide selection of various types of tours. The second direction: intensification of advertising activities, including in social networks. The third direction: implementation of a flexible discount system. At the final stage of the work, the main business processes and types of enterprise activities were identified and the main obstacles that may affect the implementation of these business processes were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the negative aspects of volunteer activities in wartime conditions, specifically addressing physical exhaustion, psychological burnout, and existential frustration for the individuals involved. The increase in the number of volunteers, especially those working outside of organization. The authors analyze the existing rehabilitation programs for volunteers in Ukraine. Examining forms of psychological support indicate that only 9% of Ukrainians have received psychological assistance. Additionally, the authors explore various recreational forms such as camps, retreats, pilgrimages, and self-organized journeys. Practice shows that such forms of rehabilitation are effective for the physical and psychological well-being of volunteers. Combining a tourist journey or camp experience with the guidance of a psychologist (or spiritual leader, or someone with a high level of empathy and relevant life experience) contributes to overcoming not only burnout but also existential frustration. Radical changes in this direction in Ukraine are possible with the establishment of a system of consistent interaction among volunteers, organizations, local authorities. This system should be aimed at preparation, support, assistance, supervision at various levels of activity, knowledge exchange, the possibility of changing realm of action, as well as the rehabilitation of volunteers. Therefore, it is important to encourage the authorities at all levels to recognize the importance not only of the volunteer movement but also of systematic support for volunteers, especially when they are going through personal crises. Furthermore, it is necessary to systematically investigate the needs for the rehabilitation of volunteers (especially those who have discontinued their volunteer activities). Developing and implementing rehabilitation programs for volunteers residing in regions affected by war is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article thoroughly examines the primary technologies for effectively implementing innovative activities in enterprises and regions directly or indirectly involved in the development of tourism and hospitality. Future innovators will benefit from further exploring the topics provided in the proposed material. Innovations in social-cultural services and tourism, based on the analysis of domestic and international research, as well as the peculiarities of using VR and AR technologies, are elucidated. The features of innovative processes and their evolutionary changes in relevant fields are highlighted. The functions and management of innovation activity in the tourism and hospitality sector, the principles of sustainable tourism development, and methods for evaluating innovation effectiveness are investigated. Additionally, the impact of scientific and technological progress in related industries on innovations in the tourism sector is analyzed. The materials provided comprehensively illuminate the theoretical foundations and practical tools for the functioning of the tourism industry, taking into account national and global experiences. Due to the significant importance of information technology application in tourism and hospitality sectors and the lack of studies reviewing recent events in this field, this work aims to analyze the use of IT technologies published in leading tourism and hospitality journals. It analyzes current trends in the implementation of these innovative technologies in the hotel industry and tourism business. The main advantages and challenges faced by enterprises when applying virtual and augmented reality are highlighted. Special attention is given to the impact of these technologies on enhancing customer experience, improving marketing strategies, and optimizing operational processes. The research results demonstrate that the use of virtual and augmented reality opens new opportunities for the development and competitiveness of enterprises in the service sector. This analysis will be beneficial for researchers to better understand the latest trends in IT application in tourism and hospitality from various perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most sensitive to economic fluctuations, political and social changes is the tourism industry. In this regard, the problem of risks faced by tourist enterprises and tourist infrastructure is always relevant in scientific economic research. Today, the global tourism industry is recovering from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and is gradually gaining momentum. The actualization of solving the problem of the risks of tourism enterprises is determined by the significant role of the tourism industry in the world economy, as well as by the increase in unpredictable situations of social and political life in the world. This is especially true of the domestic tourism sector, which is currently operating under conditions of full-scale military operations and has increased threats and dangers. Therefore, the study of risks for tourism enterprises is a key element of successful business management in modern realities, which helps to maintain stability, competitiveness and ensure satisfaction of customer needs. The purpose of the article is to research the types of risks that arise in the activities of tourism enterprises, the main stages of the risk management process of enterprises in the tourism sector and methods of influencing risks that allow enterprises to avoid them or minimize possible threats. The article examines the peculiarities of tourist risks and the nature of the occurrence of risks in the field of tourism; the classification features of the risks of tourist enterprises are determined, on the basis of which the main types of risks arising in the process of their operation are distinguished. The article also formulates the main stages of the risk management process of enterprises in the tourism sector and considers methods of influencing risk that allow enterprises to avoid them or minimize possible threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'International Relations & Regional Studies' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article investigates the records of travellers from Dnieper Ukraine about their visits to Paris in the 19th — early 20th centuries with the aim of reconstructing the image of the French capital. The study is based on travel notes compiled at various times by military personnel, scholars, and individuals involved in the arts. The travelogues are characterized by the subjectivity of descriptions, absence of clear structure, and irregular presentation of data. The author deliberately investigated travel notes created over different decades by individuals from diverse social strata, including M. Bashkirtseva, K. Halahan (senior), O. Krasnokutsky, H. Lukomsky, M. Luchytska, M. Rigelman, K. Skalkovsky, and others. The result of the research is an attempt to form a comprehensive and relatively objective image of the city, emphasizing the changes that occurred over the century. In the course of the investigation, it was established that the attention of travellers from Dnieper Ukraine, who visited Paris, was focused on several aspects related to urban space, including landscape descriptions, the atmosphere of Paris, architectural landmarks, and social phenomena that were less common or entirely absent in the Russian Empire. The transmission of their own romantic fascination with the city was also highlighted in the travelogues. However, there were occasional attempts at scholarly investigations that drew on geographical, historical, ethnographic, and statistical information borrowed by the authors of travel notes from surveys conducted by predecessors, materials from the French press, official publications of government institutions, and local authorities. The images of Paris created by various wanderers from Dnieper Ukraine had a subjective and emotional character. Nevertheless, they allow identifying the main trends in the development of urban space during the specified period and characterizing both external changes and shifts in the social environment that took place over the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Study Aim. Based on research results, it has been established that various types of sports games and sports and health tourism are the most popular among schoolchildren and students. Various movements and actions in volleyball have great health benefits. They help strengthen the musculoskeletal system, improve overall metabolism, increase the activity of all organs and systems of all organisms and are a means of active recreation. In the conditions of hiking trip, a particularly important role is played by the high adaptive abilities of the body, based on the reactivity and lability of functional systems. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of volleyball and sports and health tourism on the physical, mental and social health of schoolchildren and students. Material and Methods. The study involved 60 schoolchildren and 60 male students. Schoolchildren and students were divided into two groups (30 people in each group), who were engaged in volleyball and sports and health tourism sections. The study used methods to assess physical, mental and social health; level of satisfaction with quality of life; well-being, activity and mood. Results. The best indicators for physical health among schoolchildren and students were obtained in favor of those involved in sports and health tourism (p<0,05-0,01). The best level of mental and social health was found among students who spent a year studying in sports and health tourism sections (p<0,05-0,01), while schoolchildren, on the contrary, had the best results obtained from those who were involved in team sports. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that playing sports games (volleyball and basketball) and sports and health tourism have a positive effect on the physical, mental and social health of schoolchildren and students. These studies indicate that school-age children are characterized by team sports, which are more emotional and serve as an effective means of physical education for this age category. Students are more interested in organizing classes in sports and health tourism, which include participation in competitions in various types of tourism and weekend trips held in the fresh air. Thus, it can be stated that the influence of sports games and sports and health tourism on the psychological sphere of schoolchildren and students contributes to positive changes in their psyche, creates a persistent, cheerful, active state, generating positive emotions and ensures increased satisfaction with life in general, which in turn affects the health of children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article considers the methodological concept of economic transformation of the competitive potential of the tourism industry subjects and characterizes the elements of it. The focus is on the stages (phases) of economic transformation of the competitive potential of the tourism industry. The study reveals consistent and regular changes in its development, from turbulence to transformation. Transformation is a long-term process that brings drastic qualitative and quantitative changes to the economy. The principles that govern the economic transformation of the competitive potential of the tourism industry subjects include objectivity, historicism, systematicity, consumer value, reproduction, and smart specialization. The basis of the economic transformational process is a modification of the criteria for evaluating the competitive advantages of the subjects, namely the sustainability, safety, and competitive advantages. Approaches to developing a tourism subject's competitive potential in the post-war period in Ukraine are analyzed. They determine the interdependencies of economic transformation processes, the dynamics of their course, and evolutionary changes (transformation cycle). The economic transformation tools are identified. They depend on transformational changes and require well-considered means and management measures when changing the old model into a new one, which influences the rapidness of changes. The model involves a scheme for evaluating the economic transformational processes using three main criteria of assessment: sustainability, safety, and the competitive advantages of the tourism industry subject. The article presents several scenarios for implementing the model of economic transformation of the competitive potential of the tourism industry entity, describing them as inertial, pessimistic, optimistic, and realistic. Depending on the scenario, a differentiated approach to a mechanism and the corresponding institutional infrastructure for economic transformation of the competitive potential of tourism industry entities are developed. The research findings indicate that the highlighted methodological concept can ensure a high level of development of competitive potential for tourism industry entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical analysis of changes in modern tourism, the logic of its development, the thematic diversity of new types of tourism and its directions is relevant and timely. The object of research is the phenomenon of modern tourism, and the subject of research are the peculiarities of the existence of modern tourism, which determine the direction of changes in today's tourist space. The results of the study are that it is emphasized that modern international tourism is gradually recovering to the pre-pandemic level (2019), and the domestic tourism industry is in a deep crisis due to Russia's invasion of its territory. The author emphasizes that in the worldview guidelines of modern man there is a desire to test oneself away from civilization and its benefits. There is an increase in demand for new and extreme types of tourism; to visit mysterious and mystical places; development of new regions with maximally preserved natural landscape; to master technologically new types of tourism - space, underwater, air. New technologies in tourism exacerbate the problem of tourism security. Modern tourism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that reflects social, economic and cultural changes. On the one hand, tourism promotes the exchange of cultural experiences, but on the other hand, there is a threat of homogenisation of cultures under the influence of global tourism standards. The growth of mass tourism can lead to problems with the preservation of natural and cultural resources. Increased tourist traffic leads to increased waste and environmental pollution. Natural ecosystems are susceptible to destruction due to mass tourism. Mass tourism can lead to changes in the social and cultural environment of local communities, sometimes resulting in the loss of traditions and authenticity. The tourism industry is usually profitable, but these profits can be unevenly distributed among different groups of people. It is proved that it is necessary to ensure the sustainability and balance of tourism development, taking into account the needs of both tourists and local people, and based on the principles of environmental and cultural responsibility. Use digital technologies to manage tourist flows and improve service quality. It is important to involve local communities in decision-making and ensure their participation in tourism development. Modern tourism can be a tool for positive change, but only if its impact on nature, culture and society is taken into account. The main goal should be to create a sustainable and responsible tourism environment. The prospect of further research in this direction is to clarify the logic of regional shifts in the structure of tourist arrivals in world tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the current state and problems of beekeeping products market development in the Rivne region and Ukraine. The prospects for the development of apiturism in the Rivne region have been assessed. It has been established that Ukraine has sufficient resources for the intensification of the development of tourist and recreational activities, the use of which will contribute to the development of infrastructure and the solution of a number of social and economic issues of the activities of territorial communities, the development of environmental education, the dissemination of knowledge about the history and culture of our people, and the improvement of the population. Apitourism, as a component of rural green tourism of the Rivne region, will contribute to the preservation of jobs in rural areas and is a way to ensure the development of the infrastructure of non-urbanized rural areas with minimal technogenic load. The further development of apitourism will contribute to the growth of a positive image of Ukraine in the international arena as a producer and exporter of high-quality beekeeping products. The territory of the Rivne region is sufficiently equipped with natural objects for the development of beekeeping and apitourism in particular. In the presence of significant areas of the objects of the nature reserve fund, the territory of which is not subject to significant anthropogenic load, it is possible to increase the production of beekeeping products from ecologically clean territories and the implementation of state and regional programs for the development of this type of activity. On the example of one of the personal peasant households, it was established that the apitherapy of the private estate of Malih Sadiv is a young direction of modern medicine in the Rivne region. It consists in the use of healing products produced by bees. They are used to improve the health of the human body to strengthen immunity. The air inside the api-inhalation room is saturated with biologically active substances of propolis, which has antimicrobial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Herald of Journalism / Habaršy Žurnalistika Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism is a significant contributor to the social and economic growth of countries and regions. As such, developing tourism is a crucial element in enhancing a country's economic efficiency. In Europe, the Czech Republic stands as one of the most alluring and well-established countries. Thanks to its abundant natural, recreational, historical, and cultural resources, it has fostered a fiercely competitive tourism industry. The commonness of historical, natural, social, and economic developmental conditions between Czechia and Ukraine establishes similar prerequisites for tourism development. An analysis of Czech tourism development, including identification of the country's tourism traits and trends, enables the adoption of Czech tourism organization experience and practical application in Ukraine. The present article examines the current state of tourism development in Czechia. The analyses the development of the tourist infrastructure in the country. It examines the dynamics of the collective means of tourist accommodation in the Czech Republic. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of tourist arrivals to the Czech Republic, characterizing the structure of tourist flows. The geospatial features of tourist flows are considered, and the dynamics of the volume of income from foreign tourism are analysed. Tourism plays a significant role in the economics of the Czech Republic. The contribution of tourism to the country's GDP remains below its pre-COVID-19 levels. However, in 2022, the tourism industry of the country started to recuperate from the pandemic. As compared to 2021, the number of tourists escalated by 8 million in 2022. Majority of the tourists arrived in the Czech Republic for recreational and cultural purposes, as well as to meet their relatives and for business agendas. The Czech Republic received the majority of its foreign tourists from Germany, Slovakia, and Poland. The domestic tourist share in the country's overall tourist flow is 62,3 %, while the foreign tourist share is 37,7 %. The country is currently investing significantly in transport infrastructure by modernizing its railway network and expanding the capacity of its airports. The provision and standard of accommodation play a vital role in the appeal of tourist destinations, and the Czech Republic has seen a consistent rise in the quantity of lodging options. An appreciable increase in the number of shared lodging facilities was observed in the Czech Republic over the period of 2020–2022. South Bohemian, Hradec Královе and South Moravian regions boast the highest number of accommodation facilities, while Pardubice and Vysočina regions have the lowest. The city of Prague, along with South Bohemian and South Moravian regions, is home to the largest number of rooms in collective accommodation facilities. The Czech Republic boasts a thriving restaurant industry that has seen a steady increase in the number of establishments. The country's tourism is characterized by uneven geographic distribution. Notably, the largest number of tourist arrivals are recorded in Prague, South Moravian, Hradec Královе, and South Bohemian regions. According to the analysis, the regions adjacent to Prague also exhibited a significant appeal to tourists. This trend might be clarified by tourists who visit Prague tend to extend their routes to neighbouring regions, particularly in Central Bohemian, Liberec, and Hradec Královе regions. Conversely, regions situated far from the capital draw a substantial number of visitors. This could suggest the existence of exceptional tourism services that entice travellers. The Czech Republic has high tourism densities, with Prague having the highest observed density due to the influx of tourists into a relatively small area. Karlovy Vary, Liberec, and Hradec Královе regions also have high tourism densities. In 2022, foreign tourism generated revenues of 1 billion USD for the country. However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, foreign tourism revenues decreased by 62,5 % in 2020. The Czech Republic is known for its conventional health and wellness, cultural and educational tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the issue of the current state and prospects for the further development of tourism in the country. A scientific analysis of domestic literature on theoretical and practical issues in the field of tourism was conducted. The main trends in the development of excursion tourism in the world are revealed. The main indicators of tourism activity in the country are analyzed, which testify to the stable growth of the tourism industry until 2020. The factors of destabilization of the development of the industry in modern conditions are determined. It was emphasized the need to continue activities on the development of tourism both at the state and regional levels. Attention is paid to the development of excursion tourism as a perspective. The need to develop new excursion routes in the cities of the country was emphasized. The main measures for the promotion of tourism have been identified: expanding the country's access to international tourist markets; obtaining the status of a candidate for the European Union; increasing competitiveness due to the exchange of experience in the field of service provision and the creation of a quality tourist product; increasing the investment attractiveness of the recreational and touristic sphere; formation of tourist clusters; involvement of the country's regions in cultural, artistic and sports events of the European and world levels; modernization and reconstruction of the main funds of the tourism industry; development of fundamentally new excursions, introduction of new excursion tours. Under such conditions, the country's tourism, including excursion tourism, will receive a new impetus for activation and promotion on the world tourism market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to examine the travel habits of Generation Y and Generation Z representatives after the coronavirus pandemic among Slovak and Hungarian respondents. To this end, primary data was collected using a questionnaire survey in the first half of 2022. Five hypotheses were formulated and tested with the Chi-square test in the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software during the research. According to the results, generation Y spends, on average, a higher amount per trip than Generation Z. Both generations like to travel domestically and abroad. For Generation Y, one-week trips are the most typical; for Generation Z, shorter trips of 2-3 days. The two generations are similar in that they often find out about their chosen destination online before travelling. The most important sources of information about destinations for both generations are previous personal experiences, the opinions of friends and acquaintances, and reviews written on travel websites. Generation Y and Z also showed similarities in which factors are most important when choosing a trip. These are the price, the time spent there, the attractions and the accommodation. The length of travel time and available services are more important to Generation Y, and the choice of programs to Generation Z. It is more characteristic of Generation Y that they consider travelling a good opportunity to spend time with the family and that they consider it important to be able to reach the host online. On the other hand, Generation Z considers it more important that travel be cheap. In the case of the two generations, there was no difference in whether they recommended the destinations to their friends or whether they returned to the same place. The study supports the results of certain previous research conducted among travellers from Slovakia and Hungary but also identifies similarities and differences in the travel habits of travellers from the two countries from a generational point of view. The results help travel agencies, specialists, and websites promote destinations in what aspects they should consider if they want to sell travel to Generation Y or Z. In the case of the two generations, there were more similarities than differences in travel habits. Professionals, marketing agencies and tourist destinations should be aware of these similarities and differences when determining their marketing communication target group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the interrelation between UNESCO objects and the level of socioeconomic development of the regions of their location, as well as the peculiarities of investing in UNESCO objects; the aspects of positive and negative impact of new technologies and innovations used in the field of tourism demand on the objects of world cultural and natural significance are determined. The basic principles and mechanisms by which the use of objects of cultural and natural heritage for tourism purposes has a significant impact on the economy of the regions of their deployment are provided. The sources and areas of activity that produce profit under the influence of the use of UNESCO objects for tourism purposes are determined. Through the interrelation of all indicators, levers of the highest and lowest values are found, taking into account the dynamics of indicators depending on the object of study. The role of marketing and marketing strategy in the activities of tourist sites under UNESCO protection is specified, and an algorithm for applying and developing a marketing strategy for such objects is provided. The investment block in the sphere of tourism in relation to UNESCO objects is considered, groups of investors and investment spheres are formulated; the efficiency of investing in the most famous objects of world cultural, historical and natural significance is computed. The congruousness and areas of influence of the use of the latest technologies and developments in the tourism sector at UNESCO sites, their integration into the process of interaction of tourist objects with tourists, including objects of world cultural, historical and natural significance, are identified, both the positive and the negative elements of such integration in the context of their economic significance are allocated. According to the results of the carried out study, it is defined that objects of the World cultural, historical and natural heritage play an important role in the development of tourism and contribute to increasing the profitability of the tourism industry and its positive impact on the socioeconomic situation of the region. The topic of further research in this direction is the study of the efficiency of existing systems for the protection of UNESCO objects in the context of involving the results of technological inventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's society, there is more and more talk about the importance of social responsibility in enterprises. The concept of social responsibility is widely used, but in Lithuania it is not yet talked about enough, many often do not understand the meaning of social responsibility. Many articles state that responsibility in an organization manifests itself when an employee and society are involved in its activities. Various economic, environmental, legal and other important issues are studied, which are aimed at improving the results of the company and the quality of the work of employees. often, companies that implement the principles of social responsibility create greater trust and their reputation looks higher than those that are not socially responsible. According to Lukošiūtė (2018), those companies that carry out social responsibility are more likely to innovate, their services and goods are of higher quality, and consumers value such services or goods more favorably. Previous studies have shown that corporate social responsibility is an important and necessary part of an organization's strategic tool in improving reputation, satisfaction, image and trust (Lee et al., 2022). For example of tourism services is that air travel has had a significant impact on the economic, natural and social environment, and stakeholders continue to expect airports to reduce the negative impact through corporate social responsibility (Yang et al., 2020). In foreign studies, most of all it is taken into account that airports provide very high noise levels. In Lithuania, research related to the social responsibility of the airport is missing, so it is relevant to talk about it. In conclusion, it can be said that the topic of social responsibility is new on the scale of airports in Lithuania, and this is a very relevant topic in order to improve the activities of organizations. The attitude of employees is relevant when assessing social responsibility, not they can evaluate all internal processes as the main stakeholder. The problem of work: at what level is social responsibility manifested in the company in the provision of tourism services and by what means to increase the level of corporate social responsibility? The purpose of the study: to assess the level of social responsibility in the organization providing tourism services from the point of view of employees. Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific literature, questionnaire survey (quantitative study), mathematical statistical descriptive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional aspects of tourism as a developed institution of social production and hospitality are considered. In general, hospitality as a property of the soul of an individual (in particular, it is very similar to the Ukrainian soul) is expressed in the accommodation and feeding of guests, the provision of various socio-cultural services (including educational, consulting and entertainment), and in certain ethno-national differences in the reception of guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to study the factors of the development of enterprises in the tourism industry of Ukraine and the formation of scenarios for their development in the conditions of martial law and after the end of hostilities. When conducting the research, the methods generally accepted in economic science were used: monographic, dialectical - in the process of researching the development of enterprises of the tourism industry of Ukraine under martial law and after the end of hostilities; analysis and synthesis, grouping - to determine the factors of development of tourism industry enterprises; generalization and analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical and systemstructural - for the formation of scenarios for the development of enterprises of the tourism industry of Ukraine. The key problem of the study is russia's attack on Ukraine, which turned into a heavy blow to the country's tourism. The article proves that protectionism and international conflicts threaten freedom and freedom to travel. All these changes mean that we are going through a period of great destabilization. It is justified that the reality as we know it, with a Europe without border crossings, may soon disappear. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is important to create such tourist programs now so that not only Ukrainians but also tourists from other countries understand what was happening in Ukraine and tell about the struggle of Ukraine. Four scenarios for tourism development in Ukraine have been proposed, each with a number of implications for stakeholders. Based on the conducted scientific research, it was concluded that one of the optimal approaches to the formation of scenarios for the development of tourism industry enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of universal dynamism, unpredictability and variability of the business environment is recognized as strategic management and change management. The practical significance of the obtained results reveals the prospects for applying the main scientific provisions of the article in the practice of managing tourism business enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of postwar reconstruction. The results of the study presented in the work can be used by economists, scientists and practitioners to implement scenarios for the development of tourism industry enterprises in Ukraine, each of which has a number of consequences for stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify factors influencing the shadow economy of the Ukrainian hospitality industry and to offer ways for its reduction. The result of the research has shown a high level of the shadow sector in the Ukrainian hospitality industry. This is facilitated by many factors but the most significant of them are high social security contributions and hefty taxes. The analysis reveals that the level of expenditures in the hospitality business is the highest, with the average salary being the lowest among considered sectors of the economy. This indicates that the sector is very labour-intensive, which contributes to an increase in tax burden and, as a result, an increase in the informal hospitality sector. We propose the main directions for reforming the tax system to reduce the level of the informal economy in the hospitality industry. Ukraine needs to introduce preferential VAT rates for the hotel business, and the accommodation sector needs more reduction of the standard rate. The practice of paying the tourist tax also needs to be reformed. According to the current legislation, the payers of the tourist tax are tourists, and the tax agents are the business entities of the accommodation sector, which are mostly "in the shadows". As a result, a significant part of tourists does not actually pay the tourist tax. The introducing a mechanism for paying the tourist tax, which would allow all tourists to be taxpayers, would create an opportunity for better financing and development of the tourist destination. To legalise the shadow sector in the hospitality industry it is also necessary to reduce the single tax rate for small businesses in this area. Such actions will not be associated with large losses for the budget. In addition, the experience of other countries shows the positive consequences of using this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important areas of action in Ukraine is the restoration of the sphere of activity of hotels with the reduction of restrictions after COVID-19 in the conditions of the russian federation’s war against Ukraine. Using the experience of hotels in other countries will be useful in restoring the tourism industry in Ukraine. Disadvantages in the operation of hotels arise from the fact that management decisions are sometimes made intuitively, modern innovative management methods, such as SWOT analysis, are not used. The object of the research is the influence of the owner and management on the review of the business strategy in the critical use of the hotel’s capabilities with the help of SWOT analysis. The problem of improving business management was solved at the stage of considering options for improving the hotel’s operations. The results were to show the chance of choosing the optimal business strategy when systematically considering options for management decisions regarding the future of the hotel using SWOT analysis techniques. When applying a SWOT analysis, the weaknesses and strengths of the hotel are modeled; but it requires special statistical knowledge. In the paper, based on the processing of studied of the hospitality industry, examples of SWOT analysis experience for the implementation of business strategy by hotels in countries with a developed tourism market are indicated. Consolidated information is formed on the components of a SWOT analysis of a hotel business strategy according to the authors’ proposals. The process of SWOT analysis in improving the activity of Ukrainian hotels at the stage of planning and implementation of strategic directions is revealed. The formation of an information base is outlined with an integrated approach in the process of implementation. Organizational measures for implementing the hotel strategy according to SWOT analysis are indicated. Conclusions are drawn and directions for further research are shown. The obtained results are the process of making management decisions based on a set of market data, which determines the application of a certain sequence of recognized stages (algorithm). A SWOT analysis, which was prepared by eliminating all the ideas of the participants and ranking them in order of importance, will combine a large problem into a report that is more understandable to individuals and must be put into practice by them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sumy region has great and significant tourism potential. Before the Russo-Ukrainian War, the region had 3,465 historical and cultural monuments, including 367 architectural and urban planning monuments (five of them of national importance). Before the war, the tourism sector was developing steadily, with new types of tourism services and the formation of tourism clusters. However, Russia's Invasion of Ukraine resulted in a significant decrease in tax revenues, which has a negative impact on tourism. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities and future prospects of tourism development in the Sumy region during the war, based on data from a sociological survey conducted in five Ukrainian frontline regions in the framework of the Estonian-Ukrainian research project "Development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism business during the war and future strategy", which was supported by the Estonian Research Agency. The sociological survey was conducted online and included 25 closed and open-ended questions. Survey results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS Statistics V21.0. A total of 29 respondents (20.1%) from the Sumy region participated in the sociological survey, 69% of whom live in urban areas and 31% in rural areas. Analysis of the areas of activity of the tourism respondents from the Sumy region revealed that urban respondents were more representative of tourism businesses (tour operators, travel agents, sole proprietors, etc.), while rural respondents were predominantly representatives of tourist attractions (museums, educational and recreational facilities, etc.). Responses to the following questions were analyzed: pre-war tourism activities, wartime tourism activities, changes in tourism, prospects for tourism development, threats and opportunities for tourism development, problems in the tourism sector, prospects for tourism development, and advantages in cluster cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative industries contribute to the use of the cultural and resource potential of the region (cultural traditions, historical and architectural heritage) and their direction for local economic development. The purpose of the article is to identify the trends in the development of creative industries in Ukraine, their role and significance for the tourism industry, and on this basis to justify the advantages of their synergistic connection to the local economic development of the Mykolaiv region. The research uses a set of scientific research methods of a general (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, formalization) and special (content analysis, comparison, graphic) nature, which made it possible to reveal meaningful interpretations of regularities regarding the interpretation of the concepts of "creative industries" and "creative tourism", as well as characterize the synergistic relationship between them. It was found that creative industries have a positive impact on the country's economy, in particular, the cultural sector accounts for 3.1% of the global gross domestic product, and cultural and creative industries provide almost 50 million jobs. It was established that Ukraine has a significant potential of creative industries, the value of which in the economy is constantly growing, so the export of creative industries accounts for 30% of the total. It has been established that Ukraine has a significant potential of creative industries, the value of which in the economy is constantly growing, so exports of creative industries account for 30% of the total. The scientific works of Ukrainian scientists, as well as scientists of other countries, on the influence of creative industries on the development of tourism were analyzed, as a result of which attention was focused on a number of advantages that can be combined into three groups: the tourism industry (a new unique tourist experience; expansion of the offer without any what additional investments; high-quality and sustainable tourism with high added value and purchasing power); community and population (diversification of the local economy; creative entrepreneurship; sustainable development of the territory; investment attractiveness; new forms of cooperation; improving the quality of life and well-being; social cohesion; community empowerment); the field of culture (positive influence on the development of cultural infrastructure; preservation and restoration of intangible cultural heritage; cooperation in the cultural sphere; formation of creative communities). It is the search for new and creative ways to develop the tourism sector (opening of domestic destinations, development of new routes and territory development projects) that will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the tourism industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is an actively developing branch of the economy. Despite the fact that Kazakhstan’s tourist destinations are not yet widely represented on the world tourism market, having unique natural resources and objects of cultural and historical heritage, the country has a huge potential for a worthy place in world tourism. All the necessary cultural, historical, geographical and climatic conditions are sufficient for the development of tourism in the country. There are three cultural heritage sites and two natural heritage sites listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan. However, the attractiveness of the tourism industry is characterized not only by beautiful natural landscapes and historical sites, but also by developed infrastructure and services, access to transport and security. The regions of interest to domestic and foreign tourists in the republic are national parks and specially protected natural areas. The most popular destinations among Kazakhstanis are the cities of Almaty and Astana, as well as the East Kazakhstan region, and the most popular among foreign tourists is the Almaty cluster. There are opportunities in the regions of Kazakhstan to increase the share of this industry in the country’s economy through the development of tourism. To do this, it is necessary to solve the current problems of the development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of tourism in the region can be managed and guided by an appropriate regional policy that has realistic objectives. The paper focuses on the area of regional development in the context of tourism within the local government in the municipality of Besenova (situated in Slovakia, belongs to the natural region Liptov and to the administrative region Zilina at the level NUTS 3), taking into account the economic, social and ecological aspects of the region and shows the impact of tourism on the lives of local residents, the operation of the local economy, the overall attractiveness and appearance of the municipality. It focuses on both the positive and negative impacts of the tourism industry on the locality, with the intensity of their impact depending mainly on the volume and structure of visitors who come to this popular destination not only from Slovakia but also from abroad. Literature review contains information about regional and local development, new trends in this area (e. g. triple, quadruple and quintuple helix model) and pros and cons of tourism. In the theoretical part of contribution are used books, internal materials and articles indexed in WOS or Scopus. In the contribution are used these methods: analysis and study of internal materials of village, mathematical-statistical methods (e.g. extrapolation of future values, trend analysis, absolute and relative number), analysis of secondary data & desk research, synthesis of results and suggestions for further development of tourism in the village Besenova. The results of the survey point to the importance of planned integrated tourism development, which will allow to exploit the tourism potential of the region, which has a sufficiently attractive natural and anthropogenic potential. Further regional and local development has potential not only for tourism, but also for employment, business, study and whole quality of life of inhabitants. It also could improve some macroeconomic indicators and increase competitiveness of region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is the research of psychological recreation within the art tourism system. The methodology of the research is based on methods of scientific cognition and system analysis (deduction, induction, analysis, and synthesis). Scientific novelty of the results lies in detection and analysis of the factors facilitating psychological recreation by means of art tourism services. Conclusions. Difficult transformations characterising the current situation in Ukraine such as war, loss of family members, forced migration, property destruction demand psychological resistance. Every person reacts to such challenges and finds ways for life balance recovery individually. It is very difficult to restore emotional balance and strength alone during the war, so organised leisure and touristic activities must provide the conditions for personality recovery. Professionally planned and balanced art tours contribute to fullfledged rest and provide therapeutic effect. Considered route selection, combination of open-air events and visiting cultural and art facilities, engagement of psychologists and artists are the essential parts of art tourism providing unique conditions for recreation. The art therapeutic practices employment facilitates harmonisation of personality, impacts mental health recovery, contributes to crisis solutions providing conditions for full-fledged psychological recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Strengthening the role of tourism for both the economic and socio-cultural development of many countries in the world as well as the aggravation of the problems inherent in its organization and development make the scientists look for the ways and mechanisms for new and ecologically significant directions of its implementation. The need to study safe ways to increase the level of attractiveness of tourism entities in the Carpathian region is relevant, in connection with the growing demand for domestic tourism, which is associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the war. At the request of the State Tourism Development Agency, Google provided information on the top tourist objects, places and destinations in Ukraine by the number of Google-Maps&Search searches for 2020. Tourism is one of the sectors of the global economy that has been most affected by travel restrictions, and the aviation industry has been particularly hard hit. Ukrainian tourists, having a much smaller list of options for recreation than in previous years, tend to choose local resorts. Since the situation with quarantine restrictions is changing every day, there is a need for short-distance travel. Taking into account the environmental problems arising during the activity of accommodation facilities, there was a need for comprehensive assessment of the situation and determination of the main types of their ecologization based on the example of the estates in the Carpathian region. Since the process of tourism ecologization is a rather complex and long-term task, great importance was attached to the analysis of the organization and implementation of the ecologization of accommodation facilities in foreign countries, to the study of the best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tourism is one of the most important and dynamic sectors of the world's economy. However, the coronavirus pandemic in 2020–2021 caused significant losses in the tourism industry. The pandemic has also significantly affected the tourism development in Germany, which is one of the world's leading tourist destinations. The article analyzes the dynamics of tourism development in Germany in 2012–2022 and calculates the indicator of the integral index of tourism development in the federal states of Germany. The average values of the initial partial indicators for 2018–2022 are taken, to determine the integral index of tourism development level in the federal lands of Germany, which reflect both absolute and relative parameters of tourism growth. Based on the calculated average integrated index of the tourism development level in the federal lands of Germany, the features of spatial differentiation in the tourism development in the country are clarified. The analysis shows that before the coronavirus pandemic, tourism in Germany was significantly developing. The total number of tourist arrivals by 2020 increased annually by more than 20 %. However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, their number and tourism revenues halved in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, this indicator and other indicators of the development of the German tourism industry tended to improve. Domestic tourists dominate the total number of tourist arrivals. The calculated average integral index of tourism development in the federal lands showed a significant spatial asymmetry in the levels of development of the German tourism industry. According to this index, the federal lands of Germany are divided into five groups: high, high than average, medium, lower than average, and low tourism development levels. The lands of Berlin and Bavaria have a high level of tourism development. These regions are well-known tourist destinations in Germany. They have a rich cultural heritage, abundant natural resources and attractive landscapes, and a large number of tourist accommodation facilities. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and Baden-Württemberg have a higher level of tourism development than the national average. These lands are characterised by a large number of tourist overnight stays, accommodation facilities, territorial concentrations, and a high intensity of tourism. The western German lands of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia have an average level of tourism development. These lands are characterised by high tourist arrivals and the number and capacity of accommodation facilities. However, due to the large area of these territories, they have low indicators of the territorial concentration of tourism activity. Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, Bremen, Saxony and Brandenburg have a lower level of tourism development than the German average. These regions are characterised by moderate tourism development indicators. The federal lands of Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saarland have the lowest level of tourism development due to low volumes of tourist flows and low concentration of accommodation facilities. The German government has introduced several measures to support the tourism industry during the pandemic, including emergency financial assistance, grant support, a special loan program, tax measures, and short-term leave for businesses. It is known that higher tourism development indicators are typical for the lands with the highest level of social and economic development. Tourism is a factor that influences the economic development of both the country and individual federal states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective directions of tourism development in foreign countries in the structure of which extreme tourism is one of the main ones are considered. Among such areas: dark and adventure tourism, wilderness tourism, unguided and volunteer tourism, incognita tourism and tourism to «cold islands», tourism in the Arctic and Antarctica, etc. It is noted that for the development of the characterized directions of extreme tourism of foreign countries, there are adequate prerequisites for their development in Ukraine. At the beginning of the XXI century. extreme tourism in Ukraine began to develop actively, but spontaneously. The goal is to carry out an analysis of foreign experience in the development of extreme tourism for its introduction in Ukraine. In the research process, in addition to own searches in the countries of Western Europe and North and South America, Internet resources were used, systemic, spatial-resource approaches and methods - analysis and synthesis, complexity of abstraction - were used. It is noted that the more active and organized development of extreme tourism in Ukraine is hindered by its belonging to sports and the lack of theoretical justification of the necessity. Taking into account the foreign experience in the development of extreme tourism is essential in solving these issues. The «dark» and adventurous directions of tourism development in foreign countries are characterized in more detail. «Dark tourism» refers to the attraction of tourists to places associated with death and human disasters. Adventure tourism includes some participation in sports, certain types of recreational activities and extreme tourism, which has a high level of certain risk. It was noted that in addition to the considered areas of tourism development in foreign countries, it is also necessary to learn more about the process of development of certain promising types of extreme tourism. It is shown that the number of publications devoted to the prospects for the development of extreme tourism in Asian countries, especially among young people, is increasing. One of the aspects of such development is the consideration of foreign experience, which requires further detailed knowledge of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, organizational and economic support of tourism and hotel enterprises activities has been developed based on the construction of an effective mechanism capable of solving problems of an institutional, organizational and economic nature. The authors have found out that the development of tourism has a huge impact on the socio-economic state of the country and the level of the quality of life of the population, therefore the formation of organizational and economic support for the activities of tourism and hotel enterprises is of primary importance since the tourism industry is an interdisciplinary complex that is part of the tourism sphere and unites various types of economic activity from material production to the non-material sphere, which are the material basis of tourism, the basis for personnel training, production management organization, and tourism product sales. It has been stressed that tourism enterprises are business entities of a specific nature, which have certain features both from the point of view of production organization and their socio-economic efficiency. It has been found out that hospitality enterprises must form and implement existing service strategies in order to meet specific and rapidly changing needs of the market in which they have chosen a certain segment for themselves since, in conditions of a high level of bankruptcies, only those business entities that are able to think strategically and adapt to changes in the external environment can achieve success. An integrated approach to the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of tourism and hotel management is proposed. The functional relationship of the totality of the main factors that determine the state of the financial and economic activity of tourism and hotel enterprises is determined. It is indicated that the economic efficiency of the activities of tourism and hotel industry enterprises is achieved through a balanced personnel management system. A model for monitoring the development of personnel is suggested. The use of this model allows for controlling and managing the course of the process. It has been concluded that today when doing business in the field of tourism, it is necessary to clearly take into account external and internal factors influencing the activities of economic entities and improve the personnel management system since the level of satisfaction of consumers of tourism and hotel services depends on the personnel's professional abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In world practice, the tourist cluster is considered as one of the most effective tools for increasing the competitiveness of the territory. The clustering of tourist space allows not only to streamline the interaction of all subjects interested in the development of tourism in the territory, but also to rationally develop the resources of the area within the framework of serving tourists. Today, enterprises of various profiles are involved in the process of serving tourists. Involving them in cluster structure will contribute to their active participation in a unified system of accumulating the value of the tourism product. However, process of clustering a tourist area is quite complicated and requires the study of both economic and geographical characteristics of the area. The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities of forming a tourist cluster on the territory of the Shchuchinsk-Borovoe resort area. The significance of the study is due to the fact that the tourist potential of the study area has not been fully realized to date. It is required to develop measures that can significantly increase the attractiveness of the area for tourists. As part of considering possibilities of forming a cluster on the territory of the resort area, the authors used the methodology of cartographic taxonomy, which is based on the definition and description of taxa that can become significant elements of the cluster in the future. The analysis shows that the territory of the Shchuchinsko-Borovskoe resort area has all the necessary attributes to form a tourist cluster. The possible method of clustering the tourist area presented in the article, taking into account the specifics of the existing infrastructure, determines the value of the study, and the conclusions can be used in the development of measures to stimulate the development of tourism in the Akmola region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban mobility is a major worldwide challenge. Increased urbanization of the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and its increased attractiveness to business travellers and cultural tourists have not been matched by adequate improved and sustainable urban transport provision. An analysis of the different mobilities of local residents, expatriates and international tourists and of their perceptions of the character and quality of urban transport provision highlights considerable use of private cars, old buses and informal travel arrangements, which in conjunction with the quality and limited degree of investment in transport infrastructure (roads, pavements, traffic lanes) contribute to an inefficient, ineffectual and unsustainable transport system, serious problems of congestion and pollution, and a need for careful planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the impact of crises faced by companies in the service sector. In particular, it was found that the world economy continues to suffer significant losses due to the crisis caused by covid-19 and military actions on the territory of Ukraine. Volatility of markets, decrease in profits, small cycles of recovery, reduction or complete closure of enterprises affect the production and distribution of the state budget. In the 21st century, a traditional crisis can become international and even develop into a global shock at a later stage. The influence of negative factors lasting more than 2–3 years begins to generate factors that destroy the economic system. In particular, the analysis of the main indicators of the service sector showed a significant drop in the travel and tourism sector. Globally, the direct contribution of tourism to GDP was estimated to be approximately US$9.6 billion in 2019, US$4.8 billion in 2020 and US$5.8 billion in 2021. As for Ukrainian realities, statistical data indicate that in 2021, the budget of Ukrainian communities received 244 million UAH of tourist tax. This index is 86.8% higher than in 2020, which amounted to UAH 130.6 million, and also 20% higher than the similar index of 2019 – when UAH 196 million came to the budget. In the first half of 2022, revenues from this industry to the state budget of Ukraine decreased by 25.7% compared to 2021 because of military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The pace of digital transformation has been accelerating all over the world in past few years. It was found that covid-19 has been a catalyst in the tourism and hospitality sector's drive to innovate and integrate new technologies. The main reasons for creating or improving the digital marketing strategy by a service company were identified, in particular: the constant growth of the number of Internet users and the intensity of Internet use, buyers and competitors are increasingly moving online, there is an increase in the need for business and buyers in a safe and convenient online environment, traditional marketing measures for enterprises in the service sector in conditions of instability of the external environment become less effective. Solutions to increase the effectiveness of the company's marketing strategy were given in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulation of the problem. Every year there are new types of tourism and, accordingly, new directions of tourist travel. Among such areas is dark tourism, which, although it exists in the modern sense of the term for no more than 25 years, but already plays an important role in the modern tourism industry. We believe that this type of tourism has all the opportunities and prospects for further development in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of «dark» tourism is still insufficiently studied in the scientific literature, but has long been of some public interest, so we consider research on «dark» tourism in Ukraine relevant and timely. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the article describes the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «dark» tourism. The distinctive features that determine the content of «dark» tourism, its classification with a brief description of thematic varieties: mystical tourism, necropolis tourism, thanatourism and disaster tourism. The key reasons for tourists' interest in dark tourism (curiosity, search for novelty, historical memory and respect for cultural heritage, the role of the media and the emotional factor) are identified and the motivation of potential «dark» tourists is described. Formulation of the purpose of the article. The purpose of the work is to specify the content of the concept of dark tourism, justify the specific structure of dark tourism, monitor the resource base for the development of dark tourism in Ukraine, identify the problems of its implementation and develop proposals for their solution. Presentation of the main research material. The preconditions for the development of dark tourism in Ukraine are analyzed. The resource base of this type of tourism is investigated: on the basis of monitoring of «dark» places and locations of Ukraine 127 potentially popular for tourists objects are selected: medieval castles and fortresses, dungeons, thematic museums, prisons, cathedrals, ancient settlements, cemeteries, zones, battlefields, battlefields, etc., which can be used in the development of new tourism products. The geographical and thematic structuring of these objects is carried out, regularities in their geospatial organization are revealed. The most interesting objects of dark tourism of each of the macro-regions of Ukraine are singled out and their brief description is given. Problems and prospects of the development of "dark" tourism. An analytical review of opportunities and threats to the development of dark tourism in Ukraine with the help of SWOT-analysis, substantiates the problems of development of this type of tourism and presents possible ways to solve them. Proposed measures to popularize dark tourism in Ukraine. Measures for popularization and commercialization of dark tourism in Ukraine are offered, in particular: 1) monitoring of «dark» locations in Ukraine for their suitability for visiting by tourists; 2) creation of an interactive map of dark places of Ukraine; 3) the use of foreign experience in the organization of «dark» tours by domestic tourism enterprises; 4) organization of thematic events − cultural events, competitions, quests, festivals, educational tours, etc .; 5) creation of a web page with information about dark places of Ukraine and relevant tours, launch of the YouTube channel «Mystical Ukraine»; development of profile mobile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to analyze the approaches to the interpretation of the hospitality industry as a scientific category and its formation as an important sector of the national economy in the context of increasing its competitiveness. The historical origin of the term "hospitality", which has undergone a significant transformation to date, is analyzed. Hospitality from different scientific positions is characterized. It is proposed to consider hospitality from a religious scientific point of view, which, according to the authors, is characterized as the ability of man (team, community) to interact spiritually with members of the same or other religion, hospitably provide shelter for living and eating, sharing prayer meditations, gatherings and more. The author's modern interpretation of the concept of "hospitality" is given, which should be based on a threefold combination of concepts (HRP): human-relationship-place (human-relationship-place) and in the socio-economic sense to be realized through the provision and consumption of comprehensive hospitality services. Two main approaches to the separation of the hospitality industry are described: "American" and "European". The author's model of the relationship and interrelationships between the hospitality industry and the tourism industry is presented. It is proposed to interpret the hospitality industry as a set of enterprises and other organizations that provide hospitality services within a certain area (location, destination) to its residents and visitors (tourists). For the first time, it is proposed to include in the hospitality industry volunteer services provided on a selfless basis (food, accommodation, support, etc.), as well as various forms of religious activity (pilgrimages, pilgrimages, gatherings, etc.). The largest segments of the hospitality industry are characterized, especially: restaurants, hotels, and recreational facilities. The basic concepts on which the modern hospitality industry operates are analyzed - humanitarian, technological, functional and commercial. It is concluded that today it is necessary to understand the differences between hospitality services (which are mostly localized) and tourist services (provided outside the territory of permanent residence of their consumer-tourist and provide for mandatory movement in space to receive these services). The modern tendencies of development of the hospitality industry are analyzed and perspective directions of functioning of this sector of the national economy are outlined. The role of the hospitality industry as an important factor in ensuring the functioning of the national economy in times of crisis is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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