1. The Prevalence and Correlation of Non-motor Symptoms in Adult Patients with Idiopathic Focal or Segmental Dystonia.
- Author
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Novaretti N, Cunha ALN, Bezerra TC, Pena Pereira MA, de Oliveira DS, Macruz Brito MMC, Pimentel AV, Brozinga TR, Foss MP, and Tumas V
- Subjects
- Aged, Anxiety epidemiology, Apathy, Blepharospasm psychology, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression epidemiology, Dystonic Disorders psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Middle Aged, Pain epidemiology, Prevalence, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology, Torticollis psychology, Blepharospasm epidemiology, Dystonic Disorders epidemiology, Torticollis epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Idiopathic focal dystonia is a motor syndrome associated with dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits. Observations have suggested that many other non-motor symptoms may also be part of the clinical picture. The aim was to assess the prevalence and correlation of non-motor symptoms in patients with common idiopathic focal or segmental dystonia., Methods: In a single-center cross-sectional case-control study, we evaluated the presence of pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and sleep alterations in 28 patients with blepharospasm, 28 patients with cervical dystonia, 24 patients with writer's cramp, and 80 control subjects matched for sex, age, and schooling. We obtained clinical and demographic data, and evaluated patients using the Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and other specific scales for dystonia. All subjects completed the following questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Social Phobia Inventory, Apathy Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Brief Pain Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale., Results: The patients presented more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and apathy than the control subjects. They also reported worse quality of sleep and more pain complaints. Patients with blepharospasm were the most symptomatic subgroup. The patients had worse quality of life, and the presence of pain and symptoms of apathy and depression were the main influences for these findings, but not the severity of motor symptoms., Discussion: Patients with dystonia, especially those with blepharospasm, showed higher prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, apathy, worse quality of sleep, and pain. These symptoms had a negative impact on their quality of life., Competing Interests: Funding: None. Conflicts of Interest: The authors report no conflict of interest. Ethics Statement: This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards detailed in the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors’ institutional ethics committee has approved this study and all patients have provided written informed consent.
- Published
- 2019
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