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Background: In order to compare the morphometry of foramen magnum (FM) in a matched-pair study, in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis with and without Chiari I malformation (CMI), both brain magnetic resonance (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images were utilized. Methods: Brain MR images were retrieved from the Helsinki University Hospital Picture Archiving and Communications System to identify patients with CMI during 1.1.2004 to 31.3.2009. Age-, gender-, and craniosynostosis-matched controls were retrieved from the same cohort. Morphometric analysis of FM was carried out. Results: Seven patients with non-syndromic craniosynostosis with CMI were recorded. In CMI patients, the absolute anteroposterior length was 33.4 mm as compared to 36.7 mm in controls ( p = 0.023). The mean width was 28.1 and 29.9 mm ( p = 0.29), and the cross-sectional area was 654.1 and 764.9 mm ( p = 0.11) in CMI and controls, respectively. In CMI patients, the relative anteroposterior length of the FM was, on average, 91 % of the control's measurements. On average, the width was 95 % and the cross-sectional area was 88 % of the control's results. Conclusions: In pediatric non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients, a statistically significant reduced anteroposterior diameter of the FM is found in patients with an adjacent CMI as compared to their age-, gender-, and type-matched controls of craniosynostosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The multidetector CT (MDCT) findings of facial trauma in victims of interpersonal violence were assessed. Methods: All MDCT requests for suspected facial injury during a 62 month period were retrieved; 727 cases met the inclusion criteria. Images were interpreted by two researchers by consensus. Results: Of the 727 patients (aged 15-86 years old, mean 37), 583 (80.2%) were male and 144 (19.8%) female. Of all the patients, 74% had a fracture, and of these 44% had multiple non-contiguous fractures. Conclusions: Violence is a very common cause of facial injury. Nasal and orbital fractures predominate. Males are more often involved; they are younger, sustain fractures more often and significantly more often present with high-energy fracture patterns. LeFort fractures are often unilateral or asymmetrical, and are frequently accompanied by other, clinically significant fractures. Up to 25% of patients with fractures do not have paranasal sinus effusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings in facial trauma in adults who accidentally fall from heights. Material and Methods: Of the MDCT scans of 2413 cases requested by emergency-room physicians for suspected facial injury, 155 (age 15.3-76.7, mean 42.0 years; 134 male, 21 female) met the criteria of falling from heights. These were reviewed by two researchers by consensus. Results: Of these 155, 118 (104 male, 14 female) had 247 fractures, while 37 had no fracture. The fractures were classified into 13 categories, the zygomatic complex being the region most frequently involved. Mean falling height, known in 132 of 155 cases, was 5.7 m (range 0.4-25) in all, 6.0 m (0.4-25) in those suffering a fracture, and 5.0 m (range 0.4-13) in those without a fracture. Patients with Le Fort II, Le Fort III, or frontal bone fractures had fallen higher and frequently had associated skull base fractures, but with considerable overlap in falling heights. Zygomatic arch and nasal bone fractures rarely occurred solitarily. Conclusion: In a fall-from-height injury, nasal bone and zygomatic arch fractures indicate the presence of more severe fractures. Height cannot solely predict injury probability. Clear sinus sign is a valuable aid in assessing midface trauma in falls from heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate whether non-contrast multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for suspected acute knee fractures can also be used to evaluate cruciate ligament pathology. Material and Methods: A total of 42 patients (17–65 years) underwent four-section MDCT. The images were independently evaluated at clinical workstations by four radiologists. They assessed the integrity (normal or torn) and the best slice direction (axial, sagittal, or coronal) for visualization of the cruciate ligaments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed within 4 weeks (mean 6 days) in relation to MDCT, was considered the gold standard. Results: Ligament integrity at MDCT: the mean interobserver proportion of agreement for a normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was 0.73, for a torn ACL 0.41, for a normal posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) 0.96, and for a torn PCL 0.54. Interobserver variation for ACL was significant (P = 0.0136–0.0260), but insignificant for PCL (P = 0.3389–0.7212). Intra-observer variation was insignificant. Visualization was best in the axial and sagittal direction for ACL and PCL, respectively. At MRI, 29 normal, one partially, and 12 completely torn ACLs, and 37 normal, four partially and one completely torn PCL were found. Conclusion: MDCT can detect an intact ACL and PCL with good specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value. The assessment of torn ligaments is unreliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]