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Accurate irrigation and nitrogen application are essential for promoting the growth and yield of cherry tomatoes. In investigating the effects of irrigation and nitrogen on the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of cherry tomatoes, nine treatments including three levels of both irrigation and nitrogen were conducted over two growing seasons. Transverse stem diameter and horizontal stem diameter had the best performance at the irrigation level of 75% evaporation (Ep), although their responses to nitrogen were different for the two years. Plant height increased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen. Plant dry matter (PDM) was significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen interaction. The lowest PDM was found in the highest proportion of root dry matter, which occurred under low nitrogen level. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate enhanced with the increase of irrigation. Medium nitrogen showed promotion effect on all photosynthetic parameters in both growing seasons. Six of all fourteen indicators showed significant correlations with yield. Especially, single plant fruit number and PDM in 2018 Fall had significant positive direct effects on yield with the path coefficients of 0.648 and 1.159, while the significant direct path coefficients were 0.362 and 0.294 in Fruit dry matter and Pn for 2019 Spring, respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of growth and yield by TOPSIS, the irrigation level of 75% Ep combined with medium nitrogen application produced higher yields by promoting the growth and photosynthesis of cherry tomatoes. It provides a strategy for water and nitrogen management of cherry tomatoes in Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how cherry tomatoes respond to variations in greenhouse microclimate is crucial for optimizing tomato production in a controlled environment. The present study delves into the intricate relationship between summer-grown cherry tomatoes (Cheramy F1) and greenhouse conditions, exploring the influence of these conditions on growth attributes, inflorescence development, and yield potential. The aim of the study was to characterize the chronology of reproductive events, specifically flowering and fruit stages, in correlation with the prevailing greenhouse climate during the development of the first ten inflorescences on the plant. The performance of each inflorescence has been ranked based on available data, which involve a comparative analysis of both the time duration (number of days) and the frequency of yield-contributing traits, specifically the total number of flowers at the anthesis stage. The duration of each stage required for completion was recorded and presented as a productivity rate factor. Greenhouse conditions exhibited variations during the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively, as follows: temperature - 25.1 °C and 21.33 °C, CO2 levels - 484.85 ppm and 458.85 ppm, light intensity - 367.94 W/m2 and 349.52 W/m2, and humidity - 73.23% and 89.73%. The collected data conclusively demonstrated a substantial impact of greenhouse microclimate on plant growth, productivity, and inflorescence development. The development of flowers and fruit has been categorized into five stages: the fruit bud stage (FB), the anthesis stage (AS), the fruit setting stage (FS), the fruit maturation stage (FM), and the fruit ripening stage (FR). An irregular productivity and development response was noted across the first (close to roots) to the tenth inflorescence. Inflorescence 5 demonstrated the highest overall performance, followed by inflorescence numbers 4 and 6. The study findings provide valuable insights for enhancing greenhouse operations, emphasizing the improvement of both the yield and growth of cherry tomatoes while promoting environmental sustainability. A statistical analysis of variance was used to rigorously examine the presented results, conducted at a confidence level of p < 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid and accurate detection of cherry tomatoes is of great significance to realizing automatic picking by robots. However, so far, cherry tomatoes are detected as only one class for picking. Fruits occluded by branches or leaves are detected as pickable objects, which may cause damage to the plant or robot end-effector during picking. This study proposed the Feature Enhancement Network Block (FENB) based on YOLOv4-Tiny to solve the above problem. Firstly, according to the distribution characteristics and picking strategies of cherry tomatoes, cherry tomatoes were divided into four classes in the nighttime, and daytime included not occluded, occluded by branches, occluded by fruits, and occluded by leaves. Secondly, the CSPNet structure with the hybrid attention mechanism was used to design the FENB, which pays more attention to the effective features of different classes of cherry tomatoes while retaining the original features. Finally, the Feature Enhancement Network (FEN) was constructed based on the FENB to enhance the feature extraction ability and improve the detection accuracy of YOLOv4-Tiny. The experimental results show that under the confidence of 0.5, average precision (AP) of non-occluded, branch-occluded, fruit-occluded, and leaf-occluded fruit over the day test images were 95.86%, 92.59%, 89.66%, and 84.99%, respectively, which were 98.43%, 95.62%, 95.50%, and 89.33% on the night test images, respectively. The mean Average Precision (mAP) of four classes over the night test set was higher (94.72%) than that of the day (90.78%), which were both better than YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-Tiny. It cost 32.22 ms to process a 416×416 image on the GPU. The model size was 39.34 MB. Therefore, the proposed model can provide a practical and feasible method for the multi-class detection of cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry tomatoes are abundant in Tianyang County, Guangxi. In this study, we investigated the nutritional composition, bioactive composition and antioxidant function of three widely grown cherry tomato varieties in Tianyang County. The nutrients included sugar, fats, proteins, and minerals, and the cherry tomatoes bioactive components included fat-soluble components and water-soluble components, such as lycopene, β-carotene, esculeoside A, glutathione (GSH), and vitamin C. In addition, antioxidant activities of the three cherry tomato varieties were evaluated by their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro, preventing lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. The results showed that all three types of cherry tomatoes were all rich in water and dietary fiber, and the Jinbi cherry tomato variety showed the highest energetic value (36.69 kcal/100 g fresh weight), suggesting cherry tomatoes as a low-calorie diet food. Constituent studies revealed that all three cherry tomato varieties were rich in GSH, esculose A, vitamin C and rutin, and the Qianxi cherry tomato variety was also rich in lycopene. In vitro scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity in all three cherry tomato fat-soluble and water-soluble components, with the best results in the Qianxi variety fat-soluble component. Experimental results suggested that cherry tomatoes reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and GSH, and prevented lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. Our study suggests that cherry tomatoes are not only a good low-calorie nutritional supplement, but also a functional antioxidant food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of cherry tomatoes has a great significance for robotic harvesting. However, uneven environment conditions, such as branch and leaf occlusion, cluster of fruits, and so on, have made the cherry tomatoes detection very challenging. This paper proposes an effective cherry tomato detection algorithm called YOLOX-Dense-CT to solve these problems. To be specific, the DenseNet network is treated as the basic backbone of the original YOLOX to make the whole network suitable for the cherry tomatoes. Moreover, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanism is applied to make the features from the backbone more fused with the Neck part. As suggested by the experimental results, the proposed YOLOX-Dense-CT model is effective in detecting cherry tomatoes, with the mean average precision (mAP) reaching 94.80%, which is 4.02% higher than the original YOLOX-L model. Meanwhile, the number of parameters is only 34.6 M, which is 19.6 M lower than the YOLOX-L. Furthermore, the YOLOX-Dense-CT is compared to general target detection models and it has the best detection performance. In summary, the proposed method can well meet the requirements of high accuracy detection and provide a strategy for the cherry tomato detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thymol is a phenol monoterpene with potential antifungal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Due to the low water solubility and high volatility of thymol, encapsulation serves as an effective tool during application. In the present study, cyclodextrin (CD)-based metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized using α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD as organic building blocks, and further complexed with thymol to produce three CD-MOF-THY inclusion complexes (ICs). The encapsulation content, release kinetics and fruit preservation effect of ICs were analyzed. Results showed that thymol was well embedded in γ-CD-MOFs, with the highest encapsulation content of 286.7 ± 8.4 mg/g. Release kinetics revealed that CD-MOFs exhibited a controlled release effect toward thymol for 35 days. The release kinetics of three ICs fit the Rigter–Peppas model well, with γ-CD-MOF-THY showing the lowest release rate constant of 2.85 at 50 °C, RH 75%. Moreover, γ-CD-MOF-THY exhibited a remarkable preservation performance on cherry tomatoes with the lowest decay index (18.75%) and weight loss (5.17%) after 15 days of storage, suggesting this material as a potential fresh-keeping material for fruit and vegetable preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few commercial genotypes of tomato are resistant to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici [FOL]), especially to race 3. We developed five intraspecific hybrids of Solanum lycopersicum (FOX1 to FOX5) and assessed them for agronomic traits and resistance to FOL races 1, 2, 3, and a mixture of these races. FOX1 and FOX4 were resistant to all races and the race mixture but did not have the desired agronomic traits. Next, FOX1 and FOX4 were assessed as rootstocks of the cherry tomato Sweet Heaven. The grafting of Sweet Heaven on FOX4 did not reduce growth, gas exchange, yield, or fruit quality. When FOX1 was used as a rootstock, the fruits exhibited a reduction in firmness, fruit pulp pH, and total soluble solids by 14.3%, 1.2%, and 6.75%, respectively. Thus, the hybrid FOX4 can be used as a rootstock for Sweet Heaven to manage Fusarium wilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of edible coatings based on sodium alginate with ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase on the quality of cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage were evaluated. Cherry tomatoes inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum were coated and stored up to 21 days. All coatings with the chitinase significantly reduced F. oxysporum proliferation on cherry tomatoes during storage and extended the shelf life of cherry tomatoes effectively (p <.05). Results showed that alginate coatings with the chitinase could prevent weight loss, maintain firmness, and slow down the changes of titratable acidity and vitamin C (p <.05) in a dose‐dependent manner. However, no significant differences were observed between T3 (1% alginate/0.15% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase/1% glycerin) and T4 (1% sodium alginate/0.3% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase/1% glycerin) (p >.05). Overall, alginate coating with 0.15% ʻBaozhuʼ pear chitinase could be a promising method to maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the overall nutritional composition of 87 cherry tomato varieties and evaluated the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of the top 30 varieties with excellent overall quality. In addition, the phenolic metabolic characteristics of cherry tomatoes were determined via phenolic metabolomics, and the bioactive module "phenolic-DPPH" was identified. There was extensive interspecies variation in total soluble solids, titratable acid, lycopene, chlorophyll, γ-aminobutyric acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids and multivitamins, and different color groups presented unique nutritional compositions. The comprehensive nutritional value of the 56 varieties is greater than that of the Millennium variety. Phenolic substances are closely related to DPPH free radical scavenging activity. A total of 484 phenolic substances were identified, among which 5′-methoxymatairesinoside and 6-hydroxykaempferol-7,6-O-diglucoside are key antioxidant components. Our research provides valuable resources and insights for the selection of functional cherry tomato varieties and the identification of phenolics with important biological activities. • Analysis of nutritional components of 87 cherry tomato varieties. • High diversity was found between different varieties and color groups. • A total of 484 phenolic metabolites were identified. • "Phenolic-DPPH" is an important bioactive module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of significant yield losses caused by fungal pathogens, new efficient and environmentally safe methods of pest control are needed, and amphiphilic compounds (biosurfactants) produced by many microbes are considered a good alternative. In the present study, biosurfactants produced by the rhizosphere isolate Bacillus mojavensis P1709 were assessed for their ability to protect postharvest cherry tomatoes from decay and mycotoxin contamination caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. It was demonstrated that the genome of B. mojavensis P1709 contained the fenD and srfAA genes, which are responsible for the synthesis of compounds of the fengycin and surfactin families. APF (acid-precipitated fraction) of B. mojavensis P1709 culture medium at a concentration of 20 g L−1 inhibited pathogen radial growth on agar plates by 93%, and T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production by 98%, after 5 days of cultivation. APF also suppressed fungal growth in the in vivo test on cherry tomato fruits by 93% and 25% on the 2nd and 7th days of incubation, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that biosurfactants produced by B. mojavensis P1709 are an efficient tool for protecting postharvest cherry tomatoes from fungal mold decay and mycotoxin contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Respiratory characteristics of cherry tomatoes in postharvest storage. • Spontaneous gas regulation. • Preparation of membranes with SPEEK as modified atmosphere packaging material. • The MAP adapted to postharvest respiratory characteristics of fruits. • The membrane extends the freshness of cherry tomatoes by more than 12 days. Cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belongs to the respiratory leap type of fruit, post-harvest respiratory metabolism exuberant, easy to lead to nutrient loss, tissue destruction, and then rotting and deterioration, seriously affecting its commercial value. Therefore, research on post-harvest preservation technology of cherry tomatoes is crucial for related industries. Spontaneous modified atmosphere film packaging technology can extend the storage period of fruits and vegetables by adjusting the gas concentration of the storage environment, so that the fruits and vegetables can be maintained at a level suitable for their storage. In this study, the respiration model of cherry tomatoes at different temperatures was established by measuring the respiration rate of cherry tomatoes at different temperatures. It was found that the respiration rate of cherry tomatoes increased with increasing temperature and gradually decreased with increasing storage time. T-test results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental values and the predicted values. The chemical kinetic model and its equilibrium equation were used to determine the parameters of modified atmosphere packaging of cherry tomatoes. PEG/PVDF membranes and SPEEK/PEG/PVDF blend membranes were prepared with sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) according to the parameters of modified atmosphere membranes to keep cherry tomatoes fresh. The results showed that there was a significant effect of package method on the preservation parameters of cherry tomatoes, the SPEEK/PEG/PVDF membrane treatment group significantly reduced the weight loss rate of cherry tomatoes and maintained the lower film permeability and higher sound fruit rate, hardness, titratable acid (TA) content, VC content and total soluble solids (TSS) content of cherry tomatoes. It can effectively delay the ripening and senescence of cherry tomatoes and extend the fruit storage period. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry tomatoes inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were treated with vaporised ethyl pyruvate (EP). The changes of microbial and organoleptic properties of the samples during storage were investigated at two temperatures (4 and 10 °C) and four EP concentrations (0, 42, 105, and 420 ppm) for 7 days at 4 °C and for 5 days 10 °C. After 3 days, 4.3 log and 3.6 log reductions in E. coli O157:H7 numbers were detected in cherry tomatoes treated with 42 ppm EP at 4 °C and at 10 °C, respectively. The highest EP treatment (420 ppm) led to 5.7 log CFU g−1E. coli O157:H7 reduction after 1 day at 4 and 10 °C. The reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium on samples treated with 420 ppm EP was 7.7 log CFU g–1 after 1 day at 4 °C, and 6.9 log after 1 day at 10 °C. The treatment of EP can be effective at decreasing pathogen populations and can protect the organoleptic and colour properties of fresh produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the cool and modified atmosphere in cherry tomato fruit storing is its usage to increase the fruit longevity, quality appearance and prevention of spoilage diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissi. Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme Dunal) was stored under cool condition and three modified atmosphere levels. Results clearly showed that modified atmosphere level (12% CO2 + 6% O2) under cooling storage (7ºC±1 + 90% RH±3), was significantly decreased incidence and severity percentage of cherry tomato spoilage more than the other two modified atmosphere levels. In parallel with this data our consequence proved that, these storage conditions preservation quality of cherry tomato parameters (firmness, TSS, vitamin C, lycopene and color) in pretty shape for consumer, marketing and exportation. Treated cherry tomatoes with calcium chloride and salicylic acid extending shelf life, improve fruit quality appearance and stability parameters of cherry tomato with less spoilage disease incidence under previously storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry tomatoes are one of the most popular tomato varieties known for their bioactive compounds and sensory properties. One way to reduce the contamination of tomato is to coat them with natural or antimicrobial substances. In this study, an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was obtained, and its chemical composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined using the serial microdilution method. The antimicrobial activity of 5 and 10% EEP and pullulan films containing EEP (5 and 10%) against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium solani, and Botrytis cinerea were compared. The influence of a pullulan coating containing EEP (5 and 10%) on reducing the number of bacteria and molds, physicochemical properties (weight loss (WL), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, pH, and color), and sensory properties (color and brightness of skin, aroma, flavor, overall quality, and general preference) of cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage was evaluated. Pullulan films with EEP inhibited the growth of microorganisms on cherry tomatoes. These coatings did not affect the TSS and pH values of tomatoes, but a slight decrease in TA and WL was observed. Cherry tomatoes coated with pullulan coatings containing EEP did not show any adverse changes in their sensory properties. It was found that the addition of EEP to the pullulan coatings enriched them with antimicrobial properties and enhanced their action while reducing the WL and maturation time of cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Propose depth mapping method to remove the background tomatoes in detection stage. • Capture an intact cherry tomato plant using image stitching from two cameras. • Integrate SimAM for enhanced small and occluded target detection with YOLO v7-tiny. • Utilize MobileNeXt model with 64×64 resolution for stable tracking. Rapid and non-destructive automatic statistics of cherry tomatoes at different ripeness stages help better manage resources during harvesting, storage, and transportation processes. Currently, the inspection of cherry tomatoes (ripeness assessment and counting) still faces challenges, such as excluding background cherry tomatoes, detecting heavily obscured ones, and tracking similar feature extraction across frames. This study presented a statistical algorithm for cherry tomatoes with different ripeness. Firstly, a complete field of view was achieved by stitching images from dual cameras. Then, during the detection phase, the proposed depth information mapping and morphological operations were employed to filter out background cherry tomatoes effectively. Secondly, the SimAM attention module was introduced to enhance the focus of the YOLO v7-tiny model on small and occluded targets. The ReID feature extraction model was replaced with the lighter and more powerful MobileNeXt model, with the input resolution adapted to 64 × 64 based on the morphological characteristics of cherry tomatoes. Finally, the statistics of cherry tomatoes at different ripeness levels were conducted using the improved DeepSORT algorithm. The ablation experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The improved YOLO v7-tiny has a mAP of 87.3 % on the dataset, combining depth information mapping with morphological operations. Compared with the original DeepSORT algorithm, the improved DeepSORT algorithm has RMSE decreased by 15.46 to 3.11, and R2 increased by 0.071 to 0.998. The statistical algorithm enables real-time statistical of the number of cherry tomatoes at different ripeness levels during inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study revealed that Wickerhamomyces anomalus effectively inhibited Botrytis cinerea disease in cherry tomatoes. However, the potentiality of W. anomalus against black spot disease in cherry tomatoes as well as possible mechanisms related to this efficacy remain unclear. In our current study, we investigated the efficacy of W. anomalus against black spot disease in cherry tomatoes, and the molecular mechanisms related to disease-resistance response of W. anomalus treated cherry tomatoes were also investigated by transcriptome analysis. The results exhibited that W. anomalus successfully controlled postharvest black spot disease of cherry tomatoes caused by Alternaria alternata. Furthermore, W. anomalus vigorously controlled the spore germination and reduced the germ tube elongation of A. alternata. The physiological mechanisms by which W. anomalus inhibited the black spot decay in cherry tomatoes mainly through enhancing the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and chitinase (CHI), and reducing the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, based on transcriptome technology, W. anomalus could up-regulate genes involved in several important KEGG pathways, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway, selenocompound metabolism pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and galactose metabolism pathway. These genes may help the fruit to enhance the enzyme activities and nutritional values of cherry tomatoes, synthesize the regulatory molecules in plant disease response as well as plant growth and development, increase the defense and oxidation resistance of the fruit during and after harvesting, and trigger ROS induced resistance in cherry tomatoes. Ultimately, W. anomalus has been proved as a biocontrol agent which could effectively control black spot disease in cherry tomatoes caused by A. alternata. This study can provide theoretical reference for the practical application of antagonistic yeasts in the biological control of postharvest diseases of cherry tomatoes. • W. anomalus successfully controlled postharvest black spot disease in cherry tomatoes. • W. anomalus reduced the A. alternata spore germination and germ tube length in vitro. • W. anomalus enhanced APX and CHI activity and degraded MDA content of cherry tomatoes. • W. anomalus up-regulated genes which have vital roles in cherry tomato disease defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive pathogens of cherry tomatoes during preharvest and postharvest phase. Our previous study demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Hanseniaspora uvarum could markedly suppress the mycelium growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea. However, the main inhibitory VOCs of H. uvarum are not fully clear. In this study, a total of 21 volatile organic monomers (VOMs) of H. uvarum were tested for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro. It was found that trans-cinnamaldehyde, 2-nonanone, ethyl caprylate, benzyl alcohol, hexanoic acid, hexyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 4-ethylphenol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol, ethyl cinnamate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and ethyl 3-hydroxybhexanoate could significantly inhibit mycelium growth within 3 days at higher concentrations, whereas ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl caprate, decanoic acid, and lauric acid exhibited a lower inhibition. Furthermore, the five VOMs, including trans-cinnamaldehyde, 2-nonanone, ethyl caprylate, benzyl alcohol, and hexanoic acid, also had the efficiency on inhibiting conidia germination. In particular, trans-cinnamaldehyde was the best inhibitor of mycelium growth and conidia germination. Hence, trans-cinnamaldehyde was also tested in vivo as postharvest biofumigants. In vivo assay showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde could significantly reduce B. cinerea infection of cherry tomatoes and maintain fruit hardness, color, total soluable solids, and titratable acidity under conditions of artificial and natural infection. Collectively, these results indicated that trans-cinnamaldehyde, the main inhibitory VOMs of H. uvarum, has the potential for effectively controlling postharvest gray mold of cherry tomatoes and maintaining fruit quality in commercial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the feasibility of acidified sodium benzoate (NaB) as alternative washing solutions of fresh produce, the survival of inoculated pathogens, the background molds and yeasts counts, and quality parameters were compared during 4 and 21 °C storage of cherry tomatoes washed with 3000 ppm NaB at pH 2.0, 200 ppm free chlorine at pH 6.5, water adjusted to pH 2.0, and distilled water. The acidified NaB solution was the most effective in reducing the population of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes cocktails on tomatoes (>4 log CFU/g). NaB was more effective than free chlorine (P < 0.05) in reducing the two Gram-negative bacteria on tomatoes, while the reduction of Gram-positive L. monocytogenes by NaB (5.49 log CFU/g) and chlorine (4.98 log CFU/g) was similar (P > 0.05). No recovery of bacteria was found in all treatments during storage for 15 days. The acidified NaB effectively controlled yeasts and molds on cherry tomatoes to <1 log CFU/g or below the detection limit at both temperatures during 15-d storage, while free chlorine did not. Compared to unwashed controls, NaB had no effect on color, weight loss, firmness, and total soluble solids content of tomatoes during storage. The effect of NaB reducing pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms on tomatoes and maintaining quality during storage suggests its potential as an alternative wash solution in postharvest processing of fresh produce. • Effects of acidified sodium benzoate (NaB) as a washing solution were tested. • All pathogens on tomatoes were reduced by > 4 Log CFU/g with 0.3% NaB at pH 2.0. • No recovery of pathogens was observed during storage at 4 and 21 °C for 15 d. • Yeasts and molds on cherry tomatoes washed with NaB were controlled during storage. • Quality of cherry tomato was not affected by acidified NaB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of electron beam treatment on microbiological parameters and bioactive content of cherry tomatoes in order to assess the feasibility of irradiation as a post-harvest treatment for this fruit. E -beam inactivation studies of natural cherry tomatoes microbiota and inoculated potential foodborne pathogens (Salmonella enterica ; Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) were performed before and after irradiation and at a storage time of 14 days at 4 °C. A 4 log reduction on mesophilic bacterial population, and no detection of filamentous fungi and foodborne inoculated pathogens was achieved after e-beam treatment at 3.6 kGy and storage. Regarding the effects on bioactive content, the achieved data suggested that an e-beam treatment at 3 kGy could preserve the lycopene content and the antioxidant activity of cherry tomatoes extracts, but the storage time is a determinant factor on its bioactivity. Moreover, the results indicated an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells of lycopene extracts from irradiated and stored cherry tomatoes and no cytotoxicity on human non-cancer cells. Overall the results of this comprehensive study support the feasibility of e-beam irradiation as post-harvest treatment of cherry tomatoes. Tomatoes constitute the predominant source of lycopene, a bright red carotenoid pigment that has been associated with the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The increasing attraction and growing need for functional or bioactive foods, highlight the potential of crops and its bioactive compounds to serve as safe and effective preventive and therapeutic agents. Therefore, food may evolve to be considered a vital aspect of dietary-disease prevention. The development of food processing technologies that extend the shelf-life while guaranty or improve the food safety and functionality, will have a positive impact on both the industry and consumers. As an extension of a previous study, the present research indicated that post-harvest e-beam treatment of cherry tomatoes can be used as an emergent, clean and environmental friendly process to extend the shelf-life of this fruit with safety and preserving its bioactivity. • E-beam effects on safety and bioactive attributes of cherry tomatoes were assessed. • Cherry tomatoes treated at 3.6 kGy showed a 4 log reduction on natural microbiota. • The inoculated foodborne pathogens were not detected on irradiated fruits at 3 kGy. • E-beam treatment preserved the lycopene and antioxidant activity of extracts. • Irradiated fruits improved safety and bioactivity after 14 days of refrigerated storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thymol nanoemulsions were produced by spontaneous emulsification, ultrasound, and a combination of both methods. The best result in terms of size and polydispersion was spontaneous emulsification where thymol was efficiently encapsulated, the nanoemulsions inhibited Botrytis cinerea at 110 ppm of thymol. A 10% dilution of this nanoemulsion in water was used to prepare quinoa-chitosan films. The film microstructure was porous and heterogeneous. The tensile strength of the film was significantly lower but its mean elongation at break was similar to that of the control film. The water vapour permeability was similar to that of the control film. The effect of nanoemulsion-thymol-quinoa protein/chitosan coating on mould growth in inoculated cherry tomatoes was evaluated. Compared with control samples (tomatoes without coating and those coated with quinoa protein/chitosan), tomatoes with this coating and inoculated with B. cinerea showed a significant decrease in fungal growth after 7 days at 5 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry tomato varieties are widely consumed in many countries. They contain nutrients and health-promoting compounds like phenolics and carotenoids. The main purpose of this study was to determine how the fruit position on the cluster affected quality parameters of diverse nature (weight, soluble solids, firmness, colour, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and sugars). For this purpose the fourth cluster of two cherry varieties (Summerbrix and Lazarino) were studied. The results indicated that the fruit position on the cluster decreased the fruit size between 14 and 16% and weight 40%; firmness in ʽLazarinoʼ increased 56%; C* ab increased 12% in ʽLazarinoʼ and decreased 13% in ʽSummerbrixʼ; h ab increased 9% in ʽSummerbrixʼ. Total carotenoid levels were not statistically different in two positions, and in the other position the contents were higher, with a difference of 36% between these two values. The highest total phenolic levels were observed in the PII position. However, total sugars increased 36%, fructose 36% and glucose 35% from the PI to PIII position in ʽLazarinoʼ, while, in ʽSummerbrixʼ higher values were observed in the PIII position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited information available on lycopene content and antioxidant activity of new special coloured cherry tomatoes. We also lack data regarding the effects of on the correlation between the commonly applied colour formulas of surface, puree and lycopene content as well as the effect of extraction solvent on the results of antioxidant activity assays. In this study 11 cherry tomatoes including 5 colours (red, bright red, red-green, yellow, orange) from commercial trade were assessed. Surface and puree colours were determined by a hand-top colorimeter using Lab colour space. Lycopene content was measured as well as the FRAP-, DPPH-, CUPRAC-, ABTS- and TPC-assay following extraction by either water, ethanol or methanol. Our results indicate that the most commonly applied formulas are not disturbed by the special coloured varieties. The colour of puree correlated better with the lycopene content than the values measured on the surface. The method-extraction combination ranking showed that the CUPRAC-EtOH and supernatant ones were the best to distinguish cherry tomato samples. Correlation of chromaticity values was strong with the FRAP-assay and with the DPPH-method. We can conclude that colour parameters as indicators of lycopene content are not disturbed by the special coloured varieties and also have some correlation with antioxidant-capacity assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the epidermis structure (micro, ultra, and nano), mechanical properties, and surface color of Solanum licopersicum L. fruits (cherry tomatoes) due to hydrogen peroxide (HP) and high-power ultrasound (US) treatments were examined. Both treatments induced small alterations in the epicuticular waxes, the cuticular membrane, and the epidermal and subepidermal cells. Plasmolysis of subepidermal cells, slight epicarp compression, and dense cellulose microfibrils pattern in the non cutinized cellulose layer were documented after US. Looser cellulose microfibrils pattern in the cutinized and non cutinized cellulose layer was detected after HP exposure. Main nanostructure alterations in the cellulose domain affected the morphology and size of cellulose aggregates and nanofractures of cellulose layer in treated fruits. US treatment decreased a*, b*, and chroma values by 10, 5, and 7% and increased L* and hue angle by 2.5 and 3%, respectively, as compared to raw fruits. These small but significant differences were attributed to the disruption of the wax layer; color became brighter, more vivid, and more orange. Treatments slightly affected puncture parameters; the rupture force decreased from 14.8 N to 14.1 N and 13.8 N; the penetration probe at the rupture point increased from 7.6 mm to 7.7 mm and 8.0 mm and the mechanical work decreased from 48.7 mJ to 48.3 mJ and 44.4 mJ in raw fruits and after HP and US exposure, respectively. The mechanical response could be partially explained by the alterations in the micro, ultra, and nanostructure of the tissues. The low impact of US and HP treatments on mechanical and color characteristics would indicate their potential for cherry tomatoes decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ultrasound (US) and Litsea cubeba essential oil nanoemulsion (LEON) had a synergistic bactericidal effect. • LEON + US remarkably disrupted the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane. • LEON + US altered the morphology and internal microstructure of the cells. • LEON + US radicalized oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in cells. • LEON + US had a good application effect on cherry tomatoes. The presence of Salmonella in nature poses a significant and unacceptable threat to the human public health domain. In this study, the antibacterial effect and mechanism of ultrasound (US) combined with Litsea cubeba essential oil nanoemulsion (LEON) on Salmonella. LEON + US treatment has a significant bactericidal effect on Salmonella. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) detection, N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine (NPN) uptake and nucleic acid release assays showed that LEON + US exacerbated cell membrane lipid peroxidation and increased the permeability of the cell membrane. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that LEON + US treatment was able to alter cell morphology. It can be observed by flow cytometry (FCM) that LEON + US treatment can cause cell apoptosis. In addition, bacterial counts of cherry tomatoes treated with LEON (0.08 μL/mL) + US (345 W/cm2) for 9 min were reduced by 6.50 ± 0.20 log CFU/mL. This study demonstrates that LEON + US treatment can be an effective way to improve the safety of fruits and vegetables in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Red/far-red light inhibited weight loss and promoted colour change during storage. • Red/far-red light enhanced nutritional quality of cherry tomato compared to control. • Red/far-red light up regulated PSY and ZDS expression to increase lycopene content. • Red/far-red light induced HY5 expression through activated PHYA/B to induced PSY. • Elevated HY5 also increased expression of ACS2 to induce RIN , then promote PSY. The main goal of this study was to explore the role of red/far-red light in the preservation of postharvest quality in cherry tomato fruits and the mechanism of red/far-red light in regulation of lycopene synthesis. Results showed that red/far-red light irradiation inhibited weight loss and promoted colour change during storage, and it also increased the content of lycopene and β-carotene compared to control. Gene PSY , ZDS and LCY-b were overexpressed in fruits treated with red/far-red light during 33 days' storage compared to control. The analysis of genes involved in red/far-red light absorbance (PHYA and PHYB) and mediation (HY5 and PIF3), and fruit ripening (ACS2 and RIN) suggests that red/far-red light promote lycopene accumulation through phytochrome-mediated signalling pathway to induce HY5. Elevated HY5 could either directly bind to PSY or promote the expression of ACS2 to induce RIN through MADS-loop to enhanced lycopene content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on cherry tomatoes, to assess the potential of irradiation post-harvest treatment for fruit shelf-life extension. Freshly packed cherry tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicu s var. cerasiforme ) were irradiated at several gamma radiation doses (0.8 kGy up to 5.7 kGy) in a 60 Co chamber. Microbiological parameters, antioxidant activity and quality properties such as texture, color, pH, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and sensory parameters, were assessed before and after irradiation and during storage time up to 14 days at 4 °C. Inactivation studies of natural cherry tomatoes microbiota and inoculated potential foodborne pathogens ( Salmonella enterica ; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) were performed. A two log reduction on the microbial load of cherry tomatoes was verified after irradiation at 3.2 kGy, and 14 days of storage at 4 °C. Moreover, a maximum reduction of 11 log on the viability of potential foodborne bacteria was obtained after irradiation at 3.2 kGy on spiked fruits. Regarding fruits quality properties, irradiation caused a decrease in firmness compared with non-irradiated fruit, although it was verified a similar acceptability among fruits non-irradiated and irradiated at 3.2 kGy. Therefore, these results suggest that the irradiation treatment could be advantageous in improving microbial safety of cherry tomatoes and shelf-life extension without affecting significantly its quality attributes. Industrial relevance There is an ever-increasing global demand from consumers for high-quality foods with major emphasis placed on quality and safety attributes. One of the main demands that consumers display is for minimally processed, high-nutrition/low-energy natural foods with no or minimal chemical preservatives. Extending the shelf-life, while improving the food safety, will have a positive impact on both the industry and consumers (and potential target groups such as immunocompromised patients). The present study indicated that post-harvest gamma radiation treatment of cherry tomatoes can be used as an emergent, clean and environmental friendly process to extend the shelf-life of this fruit with safety and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) achieved with a 30 μm thick continuous oriented polypropylene (OPP) film (Film A) or by the same film either laser-perforated with increasing levels of perforation (Films B–E) or macro-perforated (Film F) on overall qualitative changes and decay was studied on cherry tomatoes cv ‘Dorotea’ and ‘Trebus’ harvested at the red-ripe stage and stored for 7, 14 or 21 d at 20 °C 60% RH. Respiratory activity of both cultivars decreased as permeability of macro- and laser-perforated films decreased but increased in tomatoes sealed with Film A, which led to anaerobic conditions. In laser perforated films average in-package CO 2 and O 2 were around 3 kPa and above 15 kPa, respectively, with moderate variations among Films B–E, while in Film A average CO 2 and O 2 were around 12 kPa and 6 kPa, respectively. In-package gas composition of Film F only slightly differed from air. Air composition and high in-package humidity of laser perforated films controlled water loss and delayed loss of firmness and of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, but increased decay of the very susceptible to cracking ‘Dorotea’ tomatoes. The high in-package CO 2 of Film A reduced pathogens growth, but decay incidence was lowest in unwrapped tomatoes and packages of Film F. ‘Trebus’ tomatoes were more resistant to decay than ‘Dorotea’ ones. MAP with moderate levels of CO 2 (around 3 kPa), O 2 not below than 12 kPa and RH not higher than 90% could prolong overall quality and reduce decay of red-ripe cherry tomatoes at 20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical properties, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity, calcium form, and structure of chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) in cherry tomatoes were studied. The total calcium and CSP contents for calcium with ultrasound assisted treatment (U + Ca) group were the highest at the end of storage. U + Ca improved the calcium content from 0.6486 g/kg to 07198 g/kg, and enhanced the permeation of Ca2+ into cell walls. Compared to control (CK), ultrasound (U) and calcium (Ca) groups, the fruit firmness of U + Ca group maintained at high level throughout the storage process. Soluble solids content of all groups had no significant difference at the end of storage. Titratable acidity of cherry tomatoes in U + Ca group was higher than that in CK and U groups at day 30. According to CSP structure analysis, its main configuration had no obvious change at the end of storage. Atomic force microscopy and weight average molecular mass analyses confirmed that U + Ca delayed the degradation of CSP. Our results indicated that U + Ca has application potential in maintaining the quality of cherry tomatoes during storage. • Calcium with ultrasound assisted treatment (U + Ca) preserves the quality of cherry tomatoes. • U + Ca enhances the permeation of Ca2+ into the cell walls of cherry tomatoes. • U + Ca treatment maintains the cell-wall structure of cherry tomatoes. • U + Ca delays the degradation of chelate-soluble pectin in cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes stored at cold temperature (5 °C) and in bi-oriented polypropylene/low density polyethylene BOPP/LDPE bags were investigated. The atmosphere composition used in the packaging was 5% O 2 + 5% CO 2 (MAP), and synthetic air (control). The variables measured were weight loss, firmness, sugar, organic acids, color, lycopene, respiration rate, and ethylene biosynthesis over 25 days. The results showed that active MAP could extend the shelf life of cherry tomatoes to 25 days and the gas concentration could influence the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes. MAP treatment decreased the respiration rate and ethylene production rate while reducing weight loss, lycopene biosynthesis, and the formation of red color. Through the use of MAP it was possible to maintain firmness and delay changes in sugar and organic acid contents. The combination of active MAP and low temperature treatments was effective with regard to delaying maturity during the storage period, and preserving the quality of cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic profile of fresh and processed cherry tomatoes were analyzed with the aim of investigating the effect of industrial processes on the nutritional qualities of fruits. The results exhibited a decrease of antioxidant activity mainly in the lipophilic fraction of processed tomatoes compared with fresh products. No great difference in the antioxidant capacity was detected in the hydrophilic and methanolic extracts of fresh tomatoes and processed tomato juices. Moreover, a decrease of polyphenolic content, estimated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and Folin-Ciocalteu method, was observed in all tomato juices. The overall polyphenolic profile of both fresh and processed tomatoes did not change significantly and, among all juices, a higher polyphenolic content was detected in juice containing peels and seeds in comparison to those without. From our data on antioxidant power and the bioactive metabolite content, tomato juice could be used as a valid and easily available source of antioxidants in everyday diet to preserve human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Rhamnolipids were reported to have evident antifungal activity. The efficacy of rhamnolipids against Alternaria alternata and their possible mechanisms involved were investigated. RESULT The decay incidences of A. alternata of cherry tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum) treated by rhamnolipids were significantly reduced. The in vitro assays showed that rhamnolipids inhibited fungal growth on solid medium and prevented spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid medium. In addition, the combination of rhamnolipids and essential oil had a synergistic effect leading to the decrease of fungicidal concentrations of laurel oil. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations of the pathogen revealed significant morphological and cell structural alterations in the hyphae. Compared to the control, the content of nucleic acid in supernatant of the suspension of A. alternata increased, while the content of DNA and protein of mycelium decreased, which was in agreement with electrolyte leakage experiments. CONCLUSION Rhamnolipids could be an alternative to chemicals for controlling post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits and vegetables. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot air drying with blanching pretreatment may provide a practical method for the production of dried cherry tomatoes. The influences of drying temperature (50°C, 60°C, 70°C and 80°C) and blanching on the drying kinetics of cherry tomatoes were studied. Nine mathematical models were evaluated and the determination of coefficient ( R2), chi-square ( χ2) and root mean square errors (RMSE) were compared. The Logarithmic model gave best results with R2 of 0.9992 and 0.9995 for fresh and blanched cherry tomatoes, respectively. The values of effective moisture diffusivity coefficient Deff varied in the range of 1.7281 × 10−9 to 4.6306 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for the fresh cherry tomatoes, while 2.1034 × 10−9 to 6.6487 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for the blanched samples. The values of activation energy were 31.99 and 36.21 kJ mol−1 for the raw and blanched cherry tomatoes, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of temperature and blanching on color change of cherry tomatoes was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The osmotic dehydration of cherry tomatoes in complex solution of salt and sugar was studied by using the response surface methodology while the approach of desirability was applied to define the best operative conditions taking into account contemporaneously several quality parameters. Water activity, moisture content, consistency and red index ( a *) were the only parameters which showed significant changes as a function of the independent variables. The changes of these attributes were well modeled obtaining in all cases a correlation coefficients greater than 0.94; treatment time and the mass fraction of sucrose were the most important variables for reducing water activity and moisture content while for consistency and color, the mass fractions of sucrose and sodium chloride were the most important processing variables. Desirability approach allowed defining the best operative conditions; specifically, when the overall quality of osmotized cherry tomatoes was considered as equilibrium of values of a w , consistency and red index, a maximum desirability of 0.736 could be obtained by using mass fractions of sucrose and NaCl respectively of 55.62 and 2.45% and a treatment time of 22 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit color and taste are important quality characters of cherry tomatoes. The present study analyzed the genes and metabolites in the three cherry tomatoes with different fruit colors (red, green, and yellow) at the maturity stage to characterize the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying fruit color and taste. Profiling identified 627 compounds grouped into 37 classes and 25,106 uniquely expressed genes in cherry tomato fruit samples. Significant variations were detected in all three cherry tomatoes. In addition, association analysis depicted that the differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways, and carotenoid pathway which are likely to be the key metabolites and genes underlying the differences for colors among the cherry tomato fruits. Overall, these findings revealed the basis of mechanisms underlying fruit color and taste development and provided valuable information for the genetic improvement of cherry tomatoes. • Three important metabolic pathways for color and taste in cherry tomato were identified. • The candidate genes underlying fruit color and taste in cherry tomato were detected. • The carotenoid biosynthesis was found in regulation of tomato fruit color. • The regulation model for the differences in color and taste between the cherry tomato was accessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato fruits are an important source of l -Ascorbic acid, which is an essential compound of human diet. The effect of the widespread practice of cold storing (5–10 °C) tomato fruits was monitored to determine its impact on the concentration and redox status of l -Ascorbic acid. Total l -Ascorbic acid levels were well maintained in both attached fruits and cold treated fruits, while in other treatments its levels were considerably reduced. However, low temperature storage conditions enhanced the expression of most genes coding for enzymes involved in l -Ascorbic acid biosynthesis and redox reactions. The findings suggest that the transcriptional up-regulation under chilling stress conditions of most genes coding for l -Ascorbic acid biosynthetic genes galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, GDP- d -mannose 3,5-epimerase but also for the isoenzymes of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme, glutathione reductase that are strongly correlated to the l -Ascorbic redox status. Moreover, fruits stored at 10 °C exhibited higher levels of transcript accumulation of MDHAR2 , DHAR1 , DHAR2 , GR1 and GR2 genes, pointing to a better ability to manage chilling stress in comparison to fruits stored at 5 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The integral constraint between fruit and stem eliminates the interference of branch. • Multi-classification prediction subnetwork with the balanced loss accurately detects fruit and stem. • Adaptive feature pooling fuses the bottom features and enhances the segmentation accuracy of stem. • This work provides a path for accurately locating cherry tomatoes in plant factory. Accurate recognition of cherry tomatoes is a key issue for the automatic picking system in plant factories, which helps to improve picking efficiency and reduce production costs. By using the depth information and considering the prior adjacent constraint between the fruit and the stem of cherry tomatoes, this paper proposes an improved Mask R-CNN for visual recognition of cherry tomatoes. Firstly, the input layer of the network is modified to achieve dual-mode data fusion of RGB and depth images. Secondly, by constructing the corresponding region generation network to indicate the integral constraint between the fruit and the stem, false recognition of branches is reduced. Thirdly, a multi-class prediction subnetwork is used to decouple the pixel-level category predictions of fruit and stem. Meanwhile, multi-task loss balance and adaptive feature pooling are adopted to overcome the limitation caused by the size difference between fruit and stem. The experimental results show that the improved Mask R-CNN achieved an accuracy of 93.76% for fruit recognition, which is 11.53% and 15.5% higher than that of the standard Mask R-CNN and YOLACT, and it achieves an accuracy of 89.34% for stem recognition, which is 13.91% and 19.7% higher than that of the standard Mask R-CNN and YOLACT, respectively. Besides, the recall rate of the proposed method for stem recognition is 94.47%, which is 11.53% and 8.3% higher than that of YOLACT and Mask R-CNN, respectively. In addition, the proposed method takes only 0.04 s to process a single image, providing an efficient approach for automatically picking cherry tomatoes in plant factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cherry tomatoes are one of the major vegetables consumed in the fresh-cut market. However, the quality evaluation process, which is dependent on simple size- or color-sorting techniques, is inadequate to meet increased consumer demands for high quality and safety. Among various quality evaluations, detection of cracking defects in cherry tomatoes is a critical process since this type of damage can harbor pathogenic microbes that may have detrimental consequences on consumer health. In this study, a multi-spectral fluorescence imaging technique has been presented as a diagnostic tool for non-destructive detection of defective cherry tomatoes. Fluorescence intensity in the area of cracked cuticle was significantly higher in the blue-green spectral region than that of the sound surfaces, suggesting the multi-spectral fluorescence imaging technique as an effective classification tool for detecting cracking defects on cherry tomatoes. Simple ANOVA classification analysis and principal component analysis were employed to investigate optimal fluorescence wavebands. The results illustrate that a multi-spectral fluorescence image in linear combination with a pair of selected wavebands based on the results of ANOVA analysis was able to detect defective cherry tomatoes with >99% accuracy. The detection algorithm investigated in this study is expected to be used to develop on-site and real-time multi-spectral systems for quality evaluation of cherry tomatoes in postharvest processing plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound treatment combined with commercial sanitizers in the decontamination step of minimally processed cherry tomatoes. Previously selected cherry tomatoes were treated with ultrasound (45kHz) for 10min in the presence of 20 and 200mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 10mg/L chlorine dioxide or 40mg/L peracetic acid. The reduction of natural contaminant microbiota and inoculated Salmonella adhered to the surface of the tomatoes were evaluated. The aerobic mesophilic contamination on the cherry tomatoes was reduced by 0.7–4.4log10 cfu/g while molds and yeasts were reduced by 1.1–3.4log10 cfu/g after different sanitization treatments. The combined treatment of ultrasound and 40mg/L peracetic acid resulted in the highest reduction of the natural contaminant population and a reduction of adherent Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 by 3.9log10 cfu/g. These results indicate the potential of using ultrasound as auxiliary strategy in the sanitization of cherry tomatoes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• An optimized HPLC-FD method for eight BAs in cherry tomatoes was validated in-house. • Samples had high serotonin (0.17–0.38 mg/g) and low histamine (0.16–1.2 mg/kg) • Multivariate analysis reduced the number of variables needed to discriminate samples. • Two PCs explained 71% of variance and LDA classification was >95% accurate. • Bioactive compounds were used to classify samples according to cultivation technique. This study aimed to assess bioactive compounds contents in cherry tomatoes and classify samples according to cultivation techniques. Simple and cost-effective analyses were conducted on 128 samples cultivated using hydroponic, organic, and conventional practices. An HPLC-FD method was validated in-house for eight biogenic amines while antioxidants were evaluated using total phenolic content and anti-radical activity assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays). Chemometric evaluation was applied to extrapolate significant information from data-sets. Variable selection using correlation matrix and the Fisher test was performed. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to construct a mathematical model to classify samples. Correct classifications were achieved in training (95.2%), validation (98.5%), and testing (100%). The results showed that cherry tomatoes cultivated using different techniques could be discriminated based on bioactive profiles using chemometric approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• W. anomalus effectively controlled postharvest diseases in cherry tomatoes. • W. anomalus had no side effects on the quality parameters of cherry tomatoes. • W. anomalus invaded wounds and surfaces of cherry tomatoes at 20 ± 2 °C and 4 ± 2 °C. • Spore germination and germ tube length of B. cinerea were inhibited by W. anomalus. • PPO, POD, CAT, and PAL activities of cherry tomatoes were induced by W. anomalus. Gray mold decay caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the primary postharvest diseases of cherry tomatoes globally, leading to considerable economic losses. This study aimed to assess the biocontrol efficacy of Wickerhamomyces anomalus against postharvest gray mold decay in cherry tomatoes. The results indicated that W. anomalus significantly reduced the gray mold decay in cherry tomatoes in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cherry tomatoes' quality. W. anomalus developed rapidly in wounds and on surfaces of cherry tomatoes at both 20 ± 2 °C and 4 ± 2 °C, and reduced the spore germination and germ tube length of B. cinerea in vitro. W. anomalus could adapt to the environment and compete for the nutrients and space against the pathogens. Besides, W. anomalus significantly enhanced the activities of defense-related enzymes in cherry tomatoes, including polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL). Ultimately, the application of W. anomalus induced the disease resistance ability of cherry tomatoes. These findings suggested that W. anomalus could be a promising biocontrol agent to manage the postharvest gray mold decay in cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change materials (PCM), as a smart material, may be used to control the gas concentration inside packaging by changing temperature-dependent gas permeability. A polypropylene (PP) film and two composite films (PP/OD and PP/OD/ZL) with a temperature-dependent gas permeability feature were prepared by incorporating octadecane (OD) (PCM material) and zeolite (ZL) into PP, and these films were used as the packaging pouches for the cherry tomatoes. The temperature-dependent gas permeability of packages and changes in gas composition inside the packages were studied during storage (10 and 23 °C). Changes in the quality of cherry tomatoes, and the effects of the relative ratio between the total volume of the pouch and volume of cherry tomatoes were investigated. The gas permeability of the newly developed packages showed significantly higher temperature-dependence compared to PP package. The relatively low concentrations of O 2 and CO 2 in the headspace of the composite packages indicated a higher temperature-dependent gas permeability. The higher gas permeability maintained the quality of the cherry tomatoes in the composite film pouches with better total soluble solid content, firmness, and color. These materials as the promising packages can minimize the effects of temperature on the quality of agricultural products and extend their shelf life by controlling the accumulated gas inside the packaging. • Phase change materials were used as a packaging system. • Composite films with temperature-dependent gas permeability were prepared. • Octadecane and zeolite conferred temperature-dependent permeability to composites. • Gas permeability provided a desirable gas composition for tomatoes. • These packaging films can extend the shelf life of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presented a facile approach for fabricating oil-in-water lavender essential oil nano-emulsions (LEONs) with excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Besides, LEONs with different LEO content (50, 100, 200 and 300 μL/10 mL) were incorporated to the matrix of gelatin (GL) for preparing multifunctional GL-LEONs films, which exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes , as well as excellent antioxidant activities. Additionally, the GL-LEONs films exhibited sustained release characteristics, excellent UV light barrier performances and good heat-sealing properties. Furthermore, the GL-LEONs films were applied to the preservation of cherry tomatoes at 25 ± 2 °C for 7 days. The results revealed that the deterioration of cherry tomatoes packaged with the GL-LEONs films was suppressed during storage, which mainly reflected in reducing weight loss, delaying the degradation of titratable acids and phenolic components, and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. • Oil-in-water lavender essential oil nano-emulsions (LEONs) were fabricated. • LEONs improved gelatin films antibacterial and antioxidant activities. • Gelatin-LEONs films exhibited sustained release and good heat-sealing properties. • Gelatin-LEONs films effectively maintained the freshness of cherry tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shelf life of cherry tomatoes is short so that new and efficient preservation techniques or procedures are required to reduce postharvest losses. This study focused on the development of a sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) film incorporated with amidated graphene oxide (AGO), for the storage of cherry tomatoes in modified atmosphere packaging. The mechanical properties, gas permeability, and moisture permeability were subsequently tested. The evolution of attributes related to shelf life, such as gas composition, physicochemical properties, and sensory properties were also monitored during storage trials. AGO, as an inorganic filler, increases the thermal stability and mechanical properties of SPEEK-based films, while it reduces the water absorption, swelling rate, and moisture permeability. Importantly, all the AGO/SPEEK films exhibited enhanced gas permeability and selective permeability of CO2/O2 relative to the SPEEK film. Moreover, 0.9% (w/w) AGO/SPEEK film showed an enhanced permeability coefficient of CO2, corresponding to an increase of 50.7%. It could further improve the selective coefficient of CO2/O2 to 67.1%. The results of preservation at 8 °C revealed that: 0.9% (w/w) AGO/SPEEK film was significantly effective at maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes from 15 to 30 days, thereby suggesting the potential for applying AGO-incorporated SPEEK films for food packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce is a growing concern because of the possibility of food-borne illness. Ionizing radiation is an effective non-thermal means of eliminating pathogenic bacteria in fresh produce; however, the effect of ionizing irradiation on the allergenic properties of the host commodities remains unknown. This study aimed (i) to determine the effective dose of gamma-irradiation in eliminating L. monocytogenes on whole cherry tomatoes and (ii) to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the allergenic properties of tomato proteins. Cherry tomatoes that were inoculated with a mixture of five L. monocytogenes strains were treated with gamma-rays from a 60Co source. A 1.25kGy dose of gamma-irradiation was found to be sufficient to eliminate L. monocytogenes on whole cherry tomatoes. The immunoblot profile of serum samples obtained from two patients with tomato allergy revealed that gamma-irradiation did not affect the allergenicity of tomato proteins for up to 7 days after irradiation when the tomatoes were stored at 20°C. Additionally, the m-RNA levels of β-fructofuranosidase, polygalacturonase, pectin esterase, and superoxide dismutase, the main allergenic proteins in tomato, were not affected by the applied irradiation dose. Thus, this study demonstrated that a 1.25kGy dose of gamma-irradiation effectively eliminates L. monocytogenes on cherry tomatoes without affecting the expression of allergenic proteins in the fruits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Trichomoniasis in humans, caused by the protozoal parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, while Tritrichomonas foetus causes trichomonosis, an infection of the gastrointestinal tract and diarrhea in farm animals and domesticated cats. As part of an effort to determine the inhibitory effects of plant-based extracts and pure compounds, seven commercially available cherry tomato varieties were hand-peeled, freeze-dried, and pounded into powders. The anti-trichomonad inhibitory activities of these peel powders at 0.02% concentration determined using an in vitro cell assay varied widely from 0.0% to 66.7% against T. vaginalis G3 (human); from 0.9% to 66.8% for T. foetus C1 (feline); and from 0.0% to 81.3% for T. foetus D1 (bovine). The organic Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (D) peels were the most active against all three trichomonads, inhibiting 52.2% (G3), 66.8% (C1), and 81.3% (D1). Additional assays showed that none of the powders inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic fungi, or non-pathogenic lactobacilli. Tomato peel and pomace powders with high content of described biologically active compounds could serve as functional food and feed additives that might help overcome adverse effects of wide-ranging diseases and complement the treatment of parasites with the anti-trichomonad drug metronidazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]