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Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. It is well known that risk factors for OCSCC include tobacco and excess alcohol consumption. However, in recent years, OCSCC incidence has been increasing in patients without these traditional risk factors. The cause of this increase is unclear and various genetic, environmental, and infectious factors have been hypothesized to play a role. Additionally, there are expert opinions that oral cancer in non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients have a distinct phenotype resulting in more aggressive disease presentation and poorer prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge for oral cavity cancer in patients without traditional risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine gender and socioeconomic differences in adolescents' reasons for not smoking cigarettes using self-reported data from Danish 14-year-olds (N = 1,559) collected in 2018. χ2-tests were used to assess whether the proportion of students who rated 12 statements as important reasons for not smoking cigarettes differed according to gender and family occupational social class (OSC). Results: More girls than boys stated that thinking the taste of cigarettes is disgusting, not being allowed to smoke by parents, knowing smoking is dangerous, not being allowed to smoke before the age of 18, not wanting to be addicted to smoking, and that smoking makes you smell bad were important reasons for choosing not to smoke cigarettes. More boys than girls reported exercising a lot and having a partner that does not smoke as important reasons for not smoking cigarettes. More students with a high OSC compared with a low OSC stated exercising a lot and that smoking makes you smell bad were important reasons. In conclusion, reasons for not smoking cigarettes differed substantially across gender and less according to socioeconomic position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the relative expression of miR-93-3p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues from non-smoking female patients. Methods Totally 149 cases of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma were selected. The expression levels of miR-93-3p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues from 112 cases of 149 patients were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. EGFR mutations were detected in 149 patients using DNA sequencing, and then we analyzed correlations of miR-93-3p expression with the clinicopathological features, EGFR mutation and prognosis. Results The relative expression of miR-93-3p was associated with the clinical stage. The miR-93-3p EGFR mutations were found in 71 of 149 patients (47. 65%). The relative expression of miR-93-3p in patients with EGFR mutations were higher than that of patients with wild type (P < 0. 01). There was no significant difference in prognosis between the patients with high and low expression of miR-93-3p, although the patients with high expression showed a poorer prognosis (P > 0. 05). Stratified analysis revealed that for patients younger than 60 years old, higher levels of miR-93-3 pexpression indicated worse prognosis (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The expression of miR-93-3p is increased in patients with EGFR mutations, which suggests that miR-93-3p may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma, especially for young female ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To recognize specific clinicopathological characteristics of non-smoking and non-drinking (NSND) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This can increase our knowledge regarding a potentially different carcinogenesis in these patients. Study design/methods: Retrospective analysis of data for 195 NSND patients with HNSCC and comparison with data for patients with HNSCC obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Results: Compared with all HNSCC patients in the Netherlands, our NSND patients with HNSCC were typically female ( n = 142; 73% vs 26%), old at disease presentation (mean 73 years vs 64 years), and had tumors mainly of the oral cavity ( n = 130; 66% vs 25%). Most tumors were stage I ( n = 67; 34%) and stage IVA ( n = 59; 30%). The incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) was high ( n = 32; 16%), mainly occurring in the oral cavity ( n = 26; 13%). Discussion/conclusion: Our study confirms that NSND HNSCC patients have different clinicopathological characteristics from those of the overall HNSCC population; however, the frequency of SPTs is as high in NSND patients as in patients who smoke and drink alcohol. More research, and particularly molecular data are needed to obtain a better understanding of head and neck cancer in NSND patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]