Search

Bone regeneration or restoration is a series of well-ordered physiological activities that occur throughout a person's life, they are continuously being repaired and remodeled. A conventional bone repair procedure, such as autograft and allograft bone transplant, has failed to address bone reconstruction disputes and complexity. On the other hand, Tissue Engineering is a potential therapy option for repairing rather than replacing the damaged tissue. Biomaterials in bone tissue engineering (BTE) help pave the way for damaged tissues as an artificial extracellular matrix, facilitating new tissue growth. Collagen-based biomaterials for repair and replacement have inspired much interest in the hunt for versatile biomaterials compatible with human tissue. It is a major organic component of extracellular matrix in bone and has been employed as scaffolding material in BTE for decades. In this review, we documented the role of collagen in BTE, focusing on collagen type I, its crosslinking capability, collagen-based biomaterials, and fabrication methods. It also considers osteoblast citration a critical process in bone formation, a unique perspective for an old relationship., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The present study explores the curative efficacy of collagen-fibrin scaffold with Gallic acid loaded Chitosan nanoparticles (GA-CSNPs) in wound healing. GA-CSNPs were synthesized by ionotropic gelation and the incorporation of GA was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Change in the crystal structure of GA was confirmed by X-ray Powder Diffraction (X-PRD) and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC). Surface Electron microscopy (SEM) showed that GA-CSNPs have roughly spherical morphology and mean diameter of 251.3 nm with positive zeta potential. The drug encapsulation was found to be 34.2-73.5%. Col-fibrin scaffolds crosslinked with genipin using cryodesiccation technique showed a sheet-like architecture with 66.78% of crosslinking degree. Scaffolds exhibited porosity of 38.49% and decrease in swelling ratio. Biodegradation study demonstrated controlled degradation with collagenase and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed excellent thermal stability and sustained drug release property. In vitro and in vivo study results indicate that the group treated with nanocomposite scaffold exhibits enhanced re-epithelialization, accelerated fibroblast cell migration, wound healing and significant wound contraction (p < 0.001) compared to control. Nanocomposite scaffolds also accelerates angiogenesis, hexosamine synthesis, collagen deposition and recruiting immune cells at wound area. These results suggest nanocomposite scaffold values for their use as a promising wound dressing material for better tissue regeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)