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The purpose of the present research was to fabricate ethylcellulose (ECL)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GEL) electrospun nanofibers containing Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO) to provide an appropriate substrate for food packaging. The ECL/PCL/GEL was incorporated with ZEO and ZnO at the concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 50 wt% and 3 wt%, respectively. The results of ECL/PCL/GEL/ZEO/ZnO nanofiber exhibited uniform morphology with a mean diameter ranging from 361.85 ± 18.7 to 467.33 ± 14.50 nm and enhanced thermal stability. The ECL/PCL/GEL/ZEO/ZnO nanofiber had the highest mechanical parameters, such as young's modulus (437.49 ± 18), tensile strength (7.88 ± 0.7), and elongation at break (5.02 ± 0.6) and water contact angle (61.13 ± 0.5), compared with the other nanofibers. The cell viability during 48 and 72 h was obtained to be about more than 80% for all the nanofibers. Additionally, the ECL/PCL/GEL incorporated with 50% ZEO and 3% ZnO displayed the highest antioxidant activity (34.61 ± 1.98%) and antifungal properties against Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger. In general, the ECL/PCL/GEL with the weight ratio of 20:70:10 nanofiber incorporated with 30% ZEO and 3% ZnO was obtained to have appropriate mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and thermal stability.

In this study, zein/polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated to the incorporation of Zenian (Carum copticum) essential oil (ZO) using the electrospinning method for employing in food packaging for the first time. The SEM images of optimal zein/PLA/HPMC/ZO NFs displayed homogeneous morphology. The average diameter of NFs ranged between 718 ± 186 nm and 335 ± 112 nm. Antioxidant activity of ZO-loaded NFs was 68.83 ± 0.1%. The zein/PLA/HPMC/ZO NFs showed inhibiting activity versus S. aureus (15 mm) and E. coli (8 mm) bacteria. Moreover, ZO-incorporated NFs showed better thermal stability than zein/PLA/HPMC nanofibers without ZO. After loading of ZO, zein/PLA/HPMC NFs exhibited higher tensile strength than those of native nanofiber, and MTT test showed no cell toxicity which indicated good biocompatibility. Overall, the zein/PLA/HPMC/ZO NFs endorsed have good properties for application in food packaging.

The present work was aimed to produce a novel bioactive nanofiber (NFs) based on Ethyl cellulose (EC), Soy protein isolated (SPI), and containing Bitter orange peel extract (BOPE) by electrospinning technology. The EC/SPI NFs were formulated with different weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 denoted as ES11, ES21, and ES12, respectively, and investigated by several analyses. Based on the obtained results, the maximum hydrogen interactions between these two polymers, ES11 NFs offered a uniform morphology without bead with the diameter of 185.33 nm as a result of the compatibility of the polymer solutions of EC and SPI. Moreover, appropriate thermal stability was presented along with more porosity (78%), maximum water vapor transmission rate (657 g/m2.24h), good tensile stress (6.12 MPa), and acceptable water contact angel (82.3°). Therefore, ES11 NFs were selected as the optimal sample for incorporation of the BOPE as the antibacterial and antioxidant agent. According to the antioxidant activity test, the highest concentration (20% wt) of this extract increased the antioxidant activity of NF around 64.7% and also inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria (S. areus, and E. coli). Therefore, the ES11 electrospun NFs containing 20% BOPE can be a beneficial system to increase the safety and quality of foods.

Wound dressings are the main barrier between the wound area and the out environment. Here we design a novel electrospun nanofibers (NFs) based on polyurethane/polyacrylic acid/poloxamer (PU/PAA/POLO) as a biocompatible wound dressing. PU/PAA NFs with different weight concentration of POLO (5, 10, and 15%) were produced by electrospinning and the chemical structure, thermal stability, surface morphology, porosity, cytocompatibility, swelling and degradation ability, hydrophibicity and mechanical properties were investigated. Based on the obtained results, the PU/PAA/POLO fibers showed a uniform and beads-free morphology with acceptable mechanical characteristics. By increasing the weight concentration of POLO added to the NF structure, an increase in the diameter of NFs (486.47 ± 251.838 nm), swelling ratio (about 3%), wettability (51.59°), and degradation degree (76%) were observed. Moreover, with increasing the diameter of NFs, the porosity (65.28 ± 0.9%), and WVTR (270.89 ± 3.01 g/m2.24 h) of NFs were significantly (P

In this study, the water-insoluble cumin seed oil (CSO) loaded gliadin (GN)-nanofibers (NFs) mat was prepared in the presence of ethyl cellulose (EC) and adipic acid (AD) using electrospinning method. The NFs were prepared with mixing 30 % w/v of GN and 15 %w/v of EC at the ratio of 80:20 v/v and 5%w/v of AD were selected as optimum formulation based on electrospinning efficiency and SEM images. In the presence of EC, the spinnability of GN fibers improved. Moreover, in the presence of AD the fibers diameters decreased to 50 % (250 ± 14 nm), and uniformity enhanced in all formulations. AD acted as hydrogen bond cross-linker between mixed biopolymers that led to increase in the viscosity of the polymer solutions. The selected formulation was loaded with the CSO based on 10 %w/v of polymers. Thermal stability of the GN fibers was improved in the presence of EC and AD based on DSC results. The FTIR results confirmed the hydrogen bond crosslinking between polymers and AD. Based on antioxidant activities results, the prepared NFs successfully retarded the release of CSO. CSO loaded NFs showed the strong antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus flavus. NFs had no significant toxicity on the viability of normal human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). The results of the current study indicated that the prepared NFs mat may have a great potential for using in active food packaging due to its sustained control release properties for loaded antimicrobial and antioxidant active agent.