79 results on '"Frazzica, A."'
Search Results
2. Formulation and development of composite materials for thermally driven and storage-integrated cooling technologies: a review
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Emiliano Borri, Svetlana Ushak, Yongliang Li, Andrea Frazzica, Yannan Zhang, Yanio E. Milian, Mario Grageda, Dacheng Li, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Vincenza Brancato
- Subjects
Phase change materials ,Sorption sorbents ,Slurries ,Thermal energy storage ,Cooling ,Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract The energy consumption for cooling takes up 50% of all the consumed final energy in Europe, which still highly depends on the utilization of fossil fuels. Thus, it is required to propose and develop new technologies for cooling driven by renewable energy. Also, thermal energy storage is an emerging technology to relocate intermittent low-grade heat source, like solar thermal energy and industrial waste heat as well as to exploit off-peak electricity, for cooling applications. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in thermally driven cooling and cold storage technologies, focusing on the formation and fabrication of adopted composites materials, including sorption materials, phase change materials, and slurries. Herein, first the classifications, selection criteria, and properties for these three types of materials is discussed. Then, the application potentials of all the materials are prospected in terms of economic analysis and sustainability.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Development and Experimental Characterization of an Innovative Tank-in-Tank Hybrid Sensible–Latent Thermal Energy Storage System
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Andrea Frazzica, Valeria Palomba, and Angelo Freni
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thermal energy storage ,domestic hot water ,latent ,PCM ,experimental testing ,Technology - Abstract
This study focuses on the development and testing under lab-controlled conditions of a hybrid sensible–latent thermal energy storage (TES) system for domestic hot water (DHW) provision in residential buildings. The TES system’s design is based, for the first time in the literature, on a commercial tank-in-tank architecture integrating a macro-encapsulated commercial phase change material (PCM) inside the external tank to guarantee the safe provision of DHW and increase overall energy storage density at a reasonable cost. The PCM is a salt hydrate with a nominal melting temperature of 58 °C. The overall tank-in-tank TES volume is about 540 dm3. Almost one tenth of this volume is occupied by the PCM macro-capsules. The developed TES system was comparatively tested against the same configuration operated as a sensible TES. The obtained results showed the ability of the PCM to increase the thermal inertia inside the external tank, thus guaranteeing the quite stable provision of heat to the integral DHW tank during the stand-by periods. This effect was confirmed by the PCM’s ability to achieve an energy storage capacity up to 16% higher than the reference sensible TES system.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Phase Change Slurries for Cooling and Storage: An Overview of Research Trends and Gaps
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Emiliano Borri, Nan Hua, Adriano Sciacovelli, Dawei Wu, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li, Vincenza Brancato, Yannan Zhang, Andrea Frazzica, Wenguang Li, Zhibin Yu, Yanio E. Milian, Svetlana Ushak, Mario Grageda, and Luisa F. Cabeza
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phase change slurry ,gas hydrate slurry ,cooling ,transport ,thermal energy storage ,bibliometric analysis ,Technology - Abstract
Phase change slurries (PCSs) have great potential as both a heat transfer fluid and an energy storage medium for cooling processes, cold energy storage, and cold energy transportation due to desirable thermophysical properties. One of the major benefits of PCSs compared to pure phase change materials is their fluidity, thus making them cooled or heated by a heat exchanger, pumped through pipes, discharged, and stored directly in a thermal energy storage tank. The use of encapsulated phase change slurries and gas hydrate slurry has thus attracted considerable interest as reflected in the literature with a rising number of publications and institutions involved in the area. The use of bibliometric techniques has found a recent interest in the literature to define the progress of different scientific topics and inspire researchers to identify novelties. In this paper, bibliometric analysis and a detailed systematic review are carried out to show the state-of-the-art development of PCSs for cooling applications. Research gaps and hotspots are identified to help define future perspectives on this topic.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. Experimental Validation and Numerical Simulation of a Hybrid Sensible-Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Hot Water Provision on Ships
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica, Marco Manzan, Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, Angelo Freni, Amedeo Pezzi, and Bianca M. Vaglieco
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thermal energy storage ,latent storage ,PCM ,naval ,numerical model ,Fluent ,Technology - Abstract
In this study, the development and testing of a hybrid thermal energy storage (TES) including phase change material (PCM) macro-capsules inside a vertical sensible tank is presented. The storage was specifically developed for delivering hot water on board of ships. Accordingly, a commercial PCM was selected and tested. Subsequently, the hybrid TES was designed and tested under mimicked boundary conditions at lab scale, showing the possibility of increasing the volumetric energy storage density up to 30% compared to the sensible configuration. On this basis, two numerical models were developed: a detailed one, implemented in a Fluent environment, aiming at investigating the main parameters affecting the heat transfer efficiency inside the TES and a second one, implemented in an ESP-r environment to simulate the TES as a component to be implemented inside a more complex system, thus helping its accurate design and operation through a reliable modelling phase. Both models were satisfactorily validated against the experimental results, thus being made available for future investigations and design optimization.
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- 2022
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6. Enabling Technologies for Sector Coupling: A Review on the Role of Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage
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Omais Abdur Rehman, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, and Luisa F. Cabeza
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heat pumps ,thermal energy storage ,multi-carrier systems ,energy systems ,sector coupling ,Technology - Abstract
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, current and future energy systems need to be made more efficient and sustainable. This change can be accomplished by increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources and using efficient technologies in energy generation systems. One way to improve the operation of the whole energy system is through the generation and end-use sector coupling. Power-to-heat energy conversion and storage technologies, in this view, are enabling technologies that can help in balancing and improving the efficiency of both thermal and electric grids. In the present paper, a comprehensive analysis of the role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage for sector coupling is presented. The main features of the analyzed technologies are presented in the context of smart electric grid, district heating and cooling and multi-carrier energy systems, and recent findings and developments are highlighted. Finally, the technical, social, and economic challenges in the adoption of investigated technologies are discussed.
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- 2021
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7. Experimental Comparison of Innovative Composite Sorbents for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Storage
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Vincenza Brancato, Larisa G. Gordeeva, Angela Caprì, Alexandra D. Grekova, and Andrea Frazzica
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sorption ,thermal energy storage ,composites ,space heating ,domestic hot water ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
In this study, the development and comparative characterization of different composite sorbents for thermal energy storage applications is reported. Two different applications were targeted, namely, low-temperature space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) provision. From a literature analysis, the most promising hygroscopic salts were selected for these conditions, being LiCl for SH and LiBr for DHW. Furthermore, two mesoporous silica gel matrixes and a macroporous vermiculite were acquired to prepare the composites. A complete characterization was performed by investigating the porous structure of the composites before and after impregnation, through N2 physisorption, as well as checking the phase composition of the composites at different temperatures through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, sorption equilibrium curves were measured in water vapor atmosphere to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the samples and a detailed calorimetric analysis was carried out to evaluate the reaction evolution under real operating conditions as well as the sorption heat of each sample. The results demonstrated a slower reaction kinetic in the vermiculite-based composites, due to the larger size of salt grains embedded in the pores, while promising volumetric storage densities of 0.7 GJ/m3 and 0.4 GJ/m3 in silica gel-based composites were achieved for SH and DHW applications, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
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8. Hybrid Cascade Heat Pump and Thermal-Electric Energy Storage System for Residential Buildings: Experimental Testing and Performance Analysis
- Author
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Valeria Palomba, Antonino Bonanno, Giovanni Brunaccini, Davide Aloisio, Francesco Sergi, Giuseppe E. Dino, Efstratios Varvaggiannis, Sotirios Karellas, Birgo Nitsch, Andreas Strehlow, André Groβe, Ralph Herrmann, Nikolaos Barmparitsas, Nelson Koch, David Vérez, Luisa F. Cabeza, Gabriel Zsembinszki, and Andrea Frazzica
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heat pump ,thermal energy storage ,electricity storage ,PCM ,cooling ,buildings ,Technology - Abstract
The need for innovative heating and cooling systems to decarbonize the building sector is widely recognized. It is especially important to increase the share of renewables at building level by maximizing self-consumption and reducing the primary energy demand. Accordingly, in the present paper, the results on a wide experimental campaign on a hybrid system are discussed. The system included a sorption module working as the topping cycle in a cascade configuration with a DC-driven vapor compression heat pump. A three-fluids heat exchanger with a phase change material (PCM), i.e., RT4 with nominal melting temperature of 4 °C, was installed on the evaporator side of the heat pump, for simultaneous operation as thermal storage and heat pumping purposes. The heat pump was connected to a DC-bus that included PV connection and electricity storage (batteries). Results showed that the energy efficiency of the heat pump in cascade operation was double compared to compression-only configuration and that, when simultaneously charging and discharging the latent storage in cascade configuration, no penalization in terms of efficiency compared to the compression-only configuration was measured. The self-sufficiency of the system was evaluated for three reference weeks in summer conditions of Athens climate and it was found that up to 100% of the electricity needed to drive the system could be self-produced for a modest cooling demand and up to 67% for the warmer conditions with high cooling demand.
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- 2021
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9. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Low-GWP Heat Pump Coupled to Electrical and Thermal Energy Storage to Increase the Share of Renewables across Europe
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Omais Abdur Rehman, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, Antonios Charalampidis, Sotirios Karellas, and Luisa F. Cabeza
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Dymola modeling ,Energy policies ,reversible heat pump ,low-GWP refrigerant ,self-sufficiency index ,thermal energy storage ,battery storage ,energy policies ,economic analysis ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Economic analysis ,Low-GWP refrigerant ,Battery storage ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Reversible heat pump ,Self-sufficiency index ,Thermal energy storage - Abstract
In order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels in the residential sector, low-carbon-footprint technologies such as heat pumps should be used. To fully exploit solar-assisted heat pumps, an effective control strategy is required. This study employs a low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerant for a water-to-water reversible heat pump, which is assisted by a thermal energy storage tank, photovoltaic (PV) installation, and battery storage system using a dedicated control strategy. The heat pump’s operation is validated against the experimental data. Simulations are carried out for three different climates to analyze the performance of reversible heat pumps across Europe. The reversible heat pump fully meets the summer cooling demand in all three climates, while the heating demand is covered with the help of a backup source. An economic analysis is carried out for three different PV sizes and the results are compared with the reference energy systems. The inclusion of a battery storage system results in high payback times but increases overall flexibility and self-sufficiency. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 814945 (SolBio-Rev). This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2021-123511OB-C31-MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE).
- Published
- 2023
10. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Low-GWP Heat Pump Coupled to Electrical and Thermal Energy Storage to Increase the Share of Renewables across Europe.
- Author
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Rehman, Omais Abdur, Palomba, Valeria, Frazzica, Andrea, Charalampidis, Antonios, Karellas, Sotirios, and Cabeza, Luisa F.
- Abstract
In order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels in the residential sector, low-carbon-footprint technologies such as heat pumps should be used. To fully exploit solar-assisted heat pumps, an effective control strategy is required. This study employs a low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerant for a water-to-water reversible heat pump, which is assisted by a thermal energy storage tank, photovoltaic (PV) installation, and battery storage system using a dedicated control strategy. The heat pump's operation is validated against the experimental data. Simulations are carried out for three different climates to analyze the performance of reversible heat pumps across Europe. The reversible heat pump fully meets the summer cooling demand in all three climates, while the heating demand is covered with the help of a backup source. An economic analysis is carried out for three different PV sizes and the results are compared with the reference energy systems. The inclusion of a battery storage system results in high payback times but increases overall flexibility and self-sufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Development and Experimental Characterization of an Innovative Tank-in-Tank Hybrid Sensible–Latent Thermal Energy Storage System.
- Author
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Frazzica, Andrea, Palomba, Valeria, and Freni, Angelo
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY storage , *PHASE change materials , *ENERGY density , *HOT water , *BASES (Architecture) , *HEAT storage - Abstract
This study focuses on the development and testing under lab-controlled conditions of a hybrid sensible–latent thermal energy storage (TES) system for domestic hot water (DHW) provision in residential buildings. The TES system's design is based, for the first time in the literature, on a commercial tank-in-tank architecture integrating a macro-encapsulated commercial phase change material (PCM) inside the external tank to guarantee the safe provision of DHW and increase overall energy storage density at a reasonable cost. The PCM is a salt hydrate with a nominal melting temperature of 58 °C. The overall tank-in-tank TES volume is about 540 dm3. Almost one tenth of this volume is occupied by the PCM macro-capsules. The developed TES system was comparatively tested against the same configuration operated as a sensible TES. The obtained results showed the ability of the PCM to increase the thermal inertia inside the external tank, thus guaranteeing the quite stable provision of heat to the integral DHW tank during the stand-by periods. This effect was confirmed by the PCM's ability to achieve an energy storage capacity up to 16% higher than the reference sensible TES system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A New Methodological Approach for the Evaluation of Scaling Up a Latent Storage Module for Integration in Heat Pumps
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Gabriel Zsembinszki, Valeria Palomba, Luisa F. Cabeza, Emiliano Borri, Andrea Frazzica, Birgo Nitsch, Boniface Dominick Mselle, Andreas Strehlow, and David Vérez
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Normalization (statistics) ,Technology ,Control and Optimization ,Performance indicators ,020209 energy ,Experimental evaluation ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,7. Clean energy ,Energy storage ,law.invention ,scaling up ,heat pump ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Phase change material (PCM) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,phase change material (PCM) ,Process engineering ,latent thermal energy storage ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Scaling ,Heat pump ,Scaling up ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,experimental evaluation ,performance indicators ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Power (physics) ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Heat transfer ,Environmental science ,Latent thermal energy storage ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
A clear gap was identified in the literature regarding the in-depth evaluation of scaling up thermal energy storage components. To cover such a gap, a new methodological approach was developed and applied to a novel latent thermal energy storage module. The purpose of this paper is to identify some key aspects to be considered when scaling up the module from lab-scale to full-scale using different performance indicators calculated in both charge and discharge. Different normalization methods were applied to allow an appropriate comparison of the results at both scales. As a result of the scaling up, the theoretical energy storage capacity increases by 52% and 145%, the average charging power increases by 21% and 94%, while the average discharging power decreases by 16% but increases by 36% when mass and volume normalization methods are used, respectively. When normalization by the surface area of heat transfer is used, all of the above performance indicators decrease, especially the average discharging power, which decreases by 49%. Moreover, energy performance in charge and discharge decreases by 17% and 15%, respectively. However, efficiencies related to charging, discharging, and round-trip processes are practically not affected by the scaling up. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 768824 (HYBUILD). This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31—MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.
- Published
- 2021
13. A Fast-Reduced Model for an Innovative Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Direct Integration in Heat Pumps
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Valeria Palomba and Andrea Frazzica
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Technology ,Modelica ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,020209 energy ,QC1-999 ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,law.invention ,Refrigerant ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,Biology (General) ,Process engineering ,Instrumentation ,Condenser (heat transfer) ,QD1-999 ,Evaporator ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Physics ,General Engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Phase-change material ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Heat transfer ,latent storage ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,phase change material ,Heat pump - Abstract
In the present paper, the numerical modeling of an innovative latent thermal energy storage unit, suitable for direct integration into the condenser or evaporator of a heat pump is presented. The Modelica language, in the Dymola environment, and TIL libraries were used for the development of a modular model, which is easily re-usable and adaptable to different configurations. Validation of the model was carried out using experimental data under different operating modes and it was subsequently used for the optimization of a design for charging and discharge. In particular, since the storage unit is made up of parallel channels for the heat transfer fluid, refrigerant, and phase change material, their number and distribution were changed to evaluate the effect on heat transfer performance.
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- 2021
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14. Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis
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Roberto Nisticò, Luca Lavagna, Matteo Pavese, Vincenza Brancato, Eliodoro Chiavazzo, Andrea Frazzica, Davide Burlon, Lavagna, L, Burlon, D, Nistico', R, Brancato, V, Frazzica, A, Pavese, M, and Chiavazzo, E
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Work (thermodynamics) ,CHIM/03 - CHIMICA GENERALE ED INORGANICA ,Materials science ,Sorbent ,020209 energy ,Science ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Article ,Chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,thermal energy storage application ,Process engineering ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mechanical engineering ,Characterization (materials science) ,Renewable energy ,Medicine ,Cementitious ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Thermal energy - Abstract
The lack of robust and low-cost sorbent materials still represents a formidable technological barrier for long-term storage of (renewable) thermal energy and more generally for Adsorptive Heat Transformations—AHT. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing cement-based composite sorbent materials. In fact, considering the number of available hygrosopic salts that can be accommodated into a cementitious matrix—whose morphological properties can be also fine-tuned—the new proposed in situ synthesis paves the way to the generation of an entire new class of possible sorbents for AHT. Here, solely focusing on magnesium sulfate in a class G cement matrix, we show preliminary morphological, mechanical and calorimetric characterization of sub-optimal material samples. Our analysis enables us to theoretically estimate one of the most important figures of merit for the considered applications, namely the energy density which was found to range within 0.088–0.2 GJ/m3 (for the best tested sample) under reasonable operating conditions for space heating applications and temperate climate. The above estimates are found to be lower than other composite materials in the literature. Nonetheless, although no special material optimization has been implemented, our samples already compare favourably with most of the known materials in terms of specific cost of stored energy. Finally, an interesting aspect is found in the ageing tests under water sorption-desorption cycling, where a negligible variation in the adsorption capability is demonstrated after over one-hundred cycles.
- Published
- 2020
15. Experimental characterization of the LiCl/vermiculite composite for sorption heat storage applications
- Author
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Salvatore Vasta, Yuri I. Aristov, Valeria Palomba, Alexandra D. Grekova, Alessio Sapienza, Andrea Frazzica, Larisa G. Gordeeva, and Vincenza Brancato
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Sorbent ,Materials science ,Silica gel ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Sorption ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Vermiculite ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Thermal energy storage ,Grain size ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Desorption ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The present paper reports about the experimental characterization of a recently developed composite sorbent of water, LiCl/vermiculite, for thermal energy storage applications. The sorption ability as well as the thermal storage capacity (TSC) of the material itself were tested in a dedicated TG/DSC apparatus, under two relevant boundary conditions, namely, seasonal (SS) and daily (DS) storage applications. The dynamic behavior of the composite sorbent was tested by means of a G-LTJ apparatus in flat-plate adsorber configuration, under both SS and DS working conditions. Finally, preliminary tests on a lab-scale TES configuration were performed and reported. The main outcomes confirm that the composite is promising for TES applications, reaching the TSC up to 2.15 kJ/g under SS conditions. The stability of the composite was proven for 14 consecutive sorption/desorption cycles under conditions similar to those at real SS and DS cycles. The kinetic adsorption tests confirmed a slowdown of the sorption dynamics when passing from 1.7–2.0 mm to 2.36–2.80 mm of the grain size. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic under SS mode is faster than of DS one. The preliminary testing in the lab-scale TES at SS cycle allowed getting TSC up to 1.25 kJ/g with a specific power up to 2.1 kW/kg.
- Published
- 2019
16. Comparative analysis of thermal energy storage technologies through the definition of suitable key performance indicators
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica and Valeria Palomba
- Subjects
Latent ,Performance indicators ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Data definition language ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Sensible ,Set (abstract data type) ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,computer.programming_language ,Mechanical Engineering ,Thermochemical ,Building and Construction ,Maturity (finance) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Sorption ,Performance indicator ,Technology roadmap ,computer ,KPI - Abstract
The importance of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) inside efficient and renewables-driven systems is growing. While different technologies from traditional sensible TES are entering the market or moving towards commercialisation, a common basis for fair comparison and evaluation of these systems is lacking. Aim of the present paper is the definition of a set of KPIs that can be used for the comparative analysis of different TES. A review of methodologies used for the definition of KPIs in different sectors was realised and a novel methodology, based on the comparative assessment of literature analysis and evaluation of technology roadmaps was proposed. According to this methodology, the technical, socio-economic and environmental constraints defined by researchers and policy makers were identified and translated into KPIs. The set of parameters suggested was then applied to different cases studies within the same application, namely covering heating demand in residential buildings. The different technologies were compared and the results evaluated: a significant non-uniformity in the data available and the way they are presented was found, mainly linked to the different level of maturity of the technologies investigated. This strongly confirmed the need for a shared framework of data definition and reduction. Nonetheless, it was possible to calculate the majority of parameters and derive some general trends, thus proving the effective usefulness of the KPIs defined. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2019
17. Verification of hydrothermal stability of adsorbent materials for thermal energy storage
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica and Vincenza Brancato
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Thermal energy storage ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Fuel Technology ,Adsorption ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Published
- 2018
18. Phase Change Slurries for Cooling and Storage: An Overview of Research Trends and Gaps.
- Author
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Borri, Emiliano, Hua, Nan, Sciacovelli, Adriano, Wu, Dawei, Ding, Yulong, Li, Yongliang, Brancato, Vincenza, Zhang, Yannan, Frazzica, Andrea, Li, Wenguang, Yu, Zhibin, Milian, Yanio E., Ushak, Svetlana, Grageda, Mario, and Cabeza, Luisa F.
- Subjects
HEAT storage ,SLURRY ,HEAT transfer fluids ,ENERGY storage ,PHASE change materials ,GAS hydrates - Abstract
Phase change slurries (PCSs) have great potential as both a heat transfer fluid and an energy storage medium for cooling processes, cold energy storage, and cold energy transportation due to desirable thermophysical properties. One of the major benefits of PCSs compared to pure phase change materials is their fluidity, thus making them cooled or heated by a heat exchanger, pumped through pipes, discharged, and stored directly in a thermal energy storage tank. The use of encapsulated phase change slurries and gas hydrate slurry has thus attracted considerable interest as reflected in the literature with a rising number of publications and institutions involved in the area. The use of bibliometric techniques has found a recent interest in the literature to define the progress of different scientific topics and inspire researchers to identify novelties. In this paper, bibliometric analysis and a detailed systematic review are carried out to show the state-of-the-art development of PCSs for cooling applications. Research gaps and hotspots are identified to help define future perspectives on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Enabling technologies for sector coupling: A review on the role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage
- Author
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ANDREA FRAZZICA, OMAIS ABDURREHMAN, LUISA F. CABEZA, and Valeria Palomba
- Subjects
Heat pumps ,Technology ,Control and Optimization ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy systems ,Multi-carrier systems ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Sector coupling ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, current and future energy systems need to be made more efficient and sustainable. This change can be accomplished by increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources and using efficient technologies in energy generation systems. One way to improve the operation of the whole energy system is through the generation and end-use sector coupling. Power-to-heat energy conversion and storage technologies, in this view, are enabling technologies that can help in balancing and improving the efficiency of both thermal and electric grids. In the present paper, a comprehensive analysis of the role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage for sector coupling is presented. The main features of the analyzed technologies are presented in the context of smart electric grid, district heating and cooling and multi-carrier energy systems, and recent findings and developments are highlighted. Finally, the technical, social, and economic challenges in the adoption of investigated technologies are discussed. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31—MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). The authors at the University of Lleida would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to her research group GREiA (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is a certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program.
- Published
- 2021
20. Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Characterization
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Latent ,Thermochemical heat ,Materials science ,Characterization ,Melting/solidification temperature ,Thermochemical ,Melting enthalpy ,Thermal energy storage ,Characterization (materials science) ,Sensible ,Chemical engineering ,Thermal conductivity ,Sorption ,Specific heat - Abstract
This chapter focuses on the experimental characterization techniques commonly employed to get a deep understanding of the thermal energy storage (TES) materials properties. In particular, experimental methodologies available to characterize thermophysical parameters qualifying both thermodynamic and dynamic performance of TES materials are discussed, trying to highlight pros and cons. The analysis is performed for the three TES categories, sensible, latent and thermochemical, representing a contribution toward the proper selection of experimental techniques at material level.
- Published
- 2021
21. Modeling of sorption systems for thermal energy storage
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica and Valeria Palomba
- Subjects
modelling ,sorption ,Materials science ,Continuum (topology) ,Complex energy ,thermal storage ,Mass transfer ,System level ,Sorption ,Mechanics ,Thermal energy storage ,Focus (optics) - Abstract
The modeling of sorption systems for thermal energy storage can involve different levels, that is, from powdery level (modeling of material) up to system level and make use of a continuum or lumped (noncontinuum) approach. Different levels of detail and different scales of the problem require the implementation and solutions of diverse sets of equations and solution methodologies. In this chapter, the model at reactor and system level is discussed, with specific focus on the equilibrium description of working pairs and the solution of heat and mass transfer problems in continuum or lumped reactor systems, as well as the black-box models employed when the integration of a thermal energy storage in a more complex energy system is required. Finally, some examples of applications are discussed to show the potentialities of the different methodologies.
- Published
- 2021
22. Sorption systems for thermal energy storage
- Author
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Vincenza Brancato, Andrea Frazzica, and Valeria Palomba
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,sorption ,Materials science ,Sorbent ,business.industry ,thermal storage ,Salt (chemistry) ,Sorption ,Thermal energy storage ,Potential energy ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Desorption ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Thermal energy - Abstract
Sorption thermal energy storage (STES) systems exploit reversible sorption and desorption processes to store thermal energy as potential energy between a sorbate (e.g., water, ammonia, alcohols) and a sorbent (e.g., salt solutions, salt hydrates, solid sorbents). This technology belongs to the wider family of thermo-chemical reactions and is specifically suited for low and medium charging temperatures (i.e., below 200°C). In this chapter, the working principle of different STES configurations is discussed. Furthermore, experimental methodologies to evaluate the expected efficiency of the working pairs are described. Finally, some examples of lab-scale reactors recently developed and tested are described to present the current state of the technology development.
- Published
- 2021
23. Life cycle assessment (Lca) of an innovative compact hybrid electrical-thermal storage system for residential buildings in mediterranean climate
- Author
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Mattia Dallapiccola, Andrea Frazzica, Luisa F. Cabeza, Valeria Palomba, Noelia Llantoy, Gabriel Zsembinszki, and Federico Trentin
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Energy storage ,ReCiPe indicator ,020209 energy ,Geography, Planning and Development ,TJ807-830 ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Thermal energy storage ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy sources ,12. Responsible consumption ,Environmental impact ,11. Sustainability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,GE1-350 ,Environmental impact assessment ,Life-cycle assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Consumption (economics) ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Environmental economics ,Grid ,Renewable energy ,Environmental sciences ,Heating and cooling system ,13. Climate action ,Computer data storage ,Environmental science ,Life cycle assessment (LCA) ,business ,Global warming potential (GWP) indicator - Abstract
The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings' decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768824 (HYBUILD). This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31—MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (RED2018-102431-T). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.
- Published
- 2021
24. Synthesis and characterization of cementitious composite materials for thermal storage applications
- Author
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Burlon, D, Nistico', R, Lavagna, L, Pavese, M, Brancato, V, Frazzica, A, Chiavazzo, E, Burlon, D, Nistico', R, Lavagna, L, Pavese, M, Brancato, V, Frazzica, A, and Chiavazzo, E
- Subjects
CHIM/03 - CHIMICA GENERALE ED INORGANICA ,Thermal energy storage - Abstract
In the European residential sector, heating and cooling are responsible for 85% of the energy demand thus resulting in a total of 256 Mtoe. The vast majority of this energy is needed for heating. Although renewable heat (e.g. solar thermal) is potentially a limitless and fully sustainable source to fulfil the above demand, its discontinuous nature still represents a formidable barrier to its widespread exploitation. In this regard, thermal energy storage is an essential technology for making renewable energy sources reliable and competitive in the future energy market. Thermochemical heat storage (e.g. sorption heat storage) specifically has a strong potential to achieve large energy density values with negligible losses even for seasonal applications. This study investigates the possible exploitation of low-cost cement-based composite materials for long-term (or seasonal) heat storage.
- Published
- 2019
25. Development of 'salt in porous matrix' composites based on LiCl for sorption thermal energy storage
- Author
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C. Cannilla, Angela Caprì, Andrea Frazzica, Yuri I. Aristov, Larisa G. Gordeeva, and Vincenza Brancato
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Composite sorbent ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,7. Clean energy ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Adsorption ,020401 chemical engineering ,Physisorption ,Solar energy ,Desorption ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Porosity ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Seasonal thermal energy storage ,Mechanical Engineering ,Sorption ,Building and Construction ,Mesoporous silica ,Pollution ,AdsorptionThermal energy storageSolar energyComposite sorbent ,General Energy ,Chemical engineering ,13. Climate action - Abstract
In this study, the development and characterization of composite sorbents based on commercial mesoporous silica gels and LiCI for seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) applications is described. The reported activity aims at validating the operation of sorption STES in various cold climatic zones in Europe. Accordingly, the reference boundary conditions were identified by means of a climatic analysis in two climatic zones, namely, Central and Northern Europe. The acquired mesoporous silica gels were characterized, to evaluate the textural properties, i.e. specific pore volume and pore size, needed to define the optimal salt solution compositions to maximize the amount of salt embedded. The synthesized samples were firstly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen physisorption that demonstrate the presence of a small quantity of salt over the external surface rather than inside the pores. A hydrothermal treatment, based on slow adsorption followed by a slow desorption step, was defined to solve this issue. Finally, starting from the measured equilibrium isobars, the expected STES density at material level was evaluated, obtaining values as high as 1080 J/g under cold Northern European climatic condition, corresponding to 650 MJ/m(3). (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2020
26. Four Innovative Solar Coupled Heat Pump Solutions for Building Heating and Cooling
- Author
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Carlo Macciò, David Chèze, Andrea Frazzica, Matteo Porta, Andrea Gabaldón, Giuseppe E. Dino, Alessandra Cuneo, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), RINA Consulting, Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies, CNR-ITAE, Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies (CNR-ITAE), CNR-ITAE-CNR-ITAE, Centro Technológico CARTIF, European Project: 818329,SunHorizon - H2020-EU.3.3.2., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Primary energy consumption ,cooling ,heating ,TRNSYS ,Thermal energy storage ,7. Clean energy ,law.invention ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,heat pump ,law ,HORIZON ,grid feed-in ,heat pumps ,Thermal ,Process engineering ,solar panels ,sorption ,business.industry ,electricity self-consumption ,buildings ,solar ,Renewable energy ,heating and cooling ,13. Climate action ,Greenhouse gas ,Environmental science ,business ,Heat pump - Abstract
International audience; Despite the huge primary energy consumption associated with heating and cooling (H&C) demand in EU building stock, the share of installed renewable H&C solutions is still marginal (i.e. 5%). In order to speed up a transition towards the widespread application of renewable H&C in buildings, innovative solutions are designed to compete against traditional solutions. SunHorizon project aims to demonstrate the potential for a user-friendly and costeffective solution based on an optimized design and combination of commercial innovative solar technologies (thermal or/and PV) and Heat Pumps (HP). This paper presents how different technologies (two solar panels, three HPs and thermal storage) have been coupled in four different Technology Packages (TPs) to satisfy H&C demand of both residential and tertiary buildings. Preliminary thermo-economic TRNSYS simulation results are presented about four demo sites in Latvia, Germany and Spain, to demonstrate such innovative solutions able to cover up to 80% of H&C demand with a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 70%.
- Published
- 2020
27. Characterisation and comparative analysis of zeotype water adsorbents for heat transformation applications
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Vincenza Brancato and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Adsorption Zeotypes Material characterisation Heat storage Heat transformation ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Thermodynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Refrigerant ,Adsorption ,Transformation (function) ,Air conditioning ,Desorption ,Thermal ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,business ,Water vapor - Abstract
This paper presents the experimental characterisation of three zeotype materials, namely, AlPO-18, FAPO-34 and SAPO-34, suitable for adsorption heat transformation applications, employing water as refrigerant. Morphological and thermo-physical analyses were performed on each sample. In particular, the adsorption capacity of each material was evaluated by measuring a complete set of water vapour adsorption/desorption isotherms, in order to investigate the hysteresis effect. The obtained equilibrium data were fitted by means of Dubinin-Astakhov equation, both for adsorption and desorption branches. Finally, a thermodynamic analysis of the achievable performance of these three working pairs was performed under three main operating conditions, namely, thermal energy storage, air conditioning and heat pumping. The achieved results confirmed the potentiality of these adsorbents, showing promising cooling and thermal COP, up to 0.80 and 1.60 respectively, and heat storage capacities both for daily and seasonal operation.
- Published
- 2018
28. Latent Thermal Storage for Solar Cooling Applications: Materials Characterization and Numerical Optimization of Finned Storage Configurations
- Author
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Angelo Freni, Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, Claudia Forte, Andrea Frazzica, Giulia Palomba, and Silvia Borsacchi
- Subjects
solar cooling ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Thermal energy storage system ,Materials science ,27Al NMR ,business.industry ,thermal storage ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Enthalpy ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermal energy storage ,Characterization (materials science) ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Solar air conditioning ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Latent heat ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Degradation (geology) ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
The present paper presents the development of a thermal energy storage system for application with non-concentrating solar plants using phase change materials (PCMs). The outcomes of an experimental analysis on commercial and non-commercial PCMs suitable for the desired temperature range is presented, with main focus on to the enthalpy and the cycle stability of the materials. Particularly, a first evaluation of possible degradation mechanisms in hydrated salts was investigated by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The best performing materials have been implemented in a numerical model, based on the enthalpy method, used for the design of a thermal storage system. The configuration of the system, starting from a simple shell-and-tube layout, has been optimised by inserting asymmetric fin-and-tubes and the results with two selected materials have been compared. The analysis has shown that the most promising materials are the commercial ones belonging to the classes of paraffinic materials and hydrated salts and that, with the designed configuration, it is possible to store up to 200 kJ/m3 and get a peak power during discharge of about 1.5 kW.
- Published
- 2018
29. Experimental Validation and Numerical Simulation of a Hybrid Sensible-Latent Thermal Energy Storage for Hot Water Provision on Ships.
- Author
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Frazzica, Andrea, Manzan, Marco, Palomba, Valeria, Brancato, Vincenza, Freni, Angelo, Pezzi, Amedeo, and Vaglieco, Bianca M.
- Subjects
- *
HEAT storage , *WATER storage , *HOT water , *HYBRID computer simulation , *PHASE change materials - Abstract
In this study, the development and testing of a hybrid thermal energy storage (TES) including phase change material (PCM) macro-capsules inside a vertical sensible tank is presented. The storage was specifically developed for delivering hot water on board of ships. Accordingly, a commercial PCM was selected and tested. Subsequently, the hybrid TES was designed and tested under mimicked boundary conditions at lab scale, showing the possibility of increasing the volumetric energy storage density up to 30% compared to the sensible configuration. On this basis, two numerical models were developed: a detailed one, implemented in a Fluent environment, aiming at investigating the main parameters affecting the heat transfer efficiency inside the TES and a second one, implemented in an ESP-r environment to simulate the TES as a component to be implemented inside a more complex system, thus helping its accurate design and operation through a reliable modelling phase. Both models were satisfactorily validated against the experimental results, thus being made available for future investigations and design optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Potential of thermal storage for hot potable water distribution in cruise ships
- Author
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Zentilomo Lucio, Angelo Freni, Deluca Claudio, Ezio Zandegiacomo De Zorzi, Andrea Frazzica, Bianca Maria Vaglieco, Marco Manzan, Amedeo Pezzi, Manzan, Marco, Pezzi, Amedeo, Zorzi, Ezio Zandegiacomo de, Freni, Angelo, Frazzica, Andrea, Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, Zentilomo, Lucio, and Claudio, Deluca
- Subjects
Hot Water ,Power station ,020209 energy ,Environmental engineering ,Energy Saving ,Cruise Ship ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy Storage ,Thermal energy storage ,Energy storage ,Energy Savings ,Peak demand ,Heat generation ,Waste heat ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Fuel efficiency ,Environmental science ,Energy source - Abstract
Hot potable water preparation in ships requires lots of energy from the power plant; this is particularly true in modern cruise ships with a high demand of potable water for people, restaurants, spa and pools. Usually the required amount of hot water is instantly produced using a number of different energy sources available on board. However, the use of direct heaters on peak demand conditions increases fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This is especially important in the case of ship in port configuration, due to the reduced number of active engines and therefore the reduced amount of waste heat from the cooling line usually employed for this task. This paper investigates possible solutions to size a hot water thermal storage in order to compensate the mismatch between heat generation during cruise and heat required during ship in port configuration. The performances of different solutions are compared using dynamic thermal simulations of the ship’s hot water distribution system with different regimes and time dependent heat requirements. Moreover it will be introduced the use of PCM materials with the aim to further improve system’s performance.
- Published
- 2018
31. Identification and characterization of promising phase change materials for solar cooling applications
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica, Alessio Sapienza, Vincenza Brancato, and Angelo Freni
- Subjects
solar cooling ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Phase transition ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Enthalpy ,Thermodynamics ,materiali a cambiamento di fase ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Thermal energy storage ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Characterization (materials science) ,pcm stability ,heat storage dsc ,Solar air conditioning ,accumulo ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Supercooling ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
Solar cooling technology is an attractive way to use solar thermal energy to produce cooling for buildings. The employment of taphase change materials (PCMs) as heat storage medium, to increase the range of utilization of solar thermal energy, thus improving the overall system performance, is considered very attractive. Nevertheless, in order to allow the development of latent heat storage prototypes for such an application, it is mandatory to verify the thermo-physical performance as well as the long-term stability of the available materials. To this aim, in the present paper, the most attractive commercial PCM as well as neat chemical compounds operating in the temperature range between 80 °C and 100 °C, perfectly suitable for non-concentrating solar cooling systems, have been identified and completely characterized. In particular, several cycles have been performed on each material, to verify possible instabilities in their behavior. Most of the neat materials have confirmed to be promising for this application, thanks to their really high melting enthalpy, up to 255 J/g as showed for Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate Dodecahydrate. Nevertheless, all these materials are still not stable, showing high supercooling, allotropic phase transition, incongruent melting and even absence of re-crystallization, which makes necessary an intense work to bring them to a reliability level sufficient for real application. On the contrary, the commercial PCMs, even if mostly characterized by lower melting enthalpy, ranging between 120 and 150 J/g, confirmed their stability, which makes them ready for practical applications.
- Published
- 2017
32. Experimental Characterization of Latent Thermal Energy Storage Systems
- Author
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Jaume Gasia, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, and Luisa F. Cabeza
- Subjects
Computer science ,experimental ,PCM ,thermal storage ,Plate heat exchanger ,latent storage ,Experimental methods ,Thermal energy storage ,Reliability (statistics) ,Characterization (materials science) ,Reliability engineering - Abstract
Activity on latent thermal energy storage systems is vast and spread - worldwide and in time - following the diverse applications that PCM can cover. Moreover, while at materials levels some efforts are being made in order to define standard procedures for the characterization of PCMs, the different necessities, peculiarities and stakeholders of the complete system have, up to now, limited the definition of common procedures and standardization. Within the present chapter, an overview of experimental methodologies successfully applied for the evaluation of system performance is given, focusing on the different range of application covered by latent TES, highlighting the apparatuses available and the procedures followed, in term of methodology and calculated parameters. Among the different systems reported in literature, focus was centered on the testing rigs employed for exemplary systems (e.g. systems with dynamic PCM) or fully exploited for the evaluation of performance and comparison of different storages (e.g. the pilot plant at the University of Lleida or the latent storage rig at CNR ITAE), for which details about the experimental campaign and equipment used was available.
- Published
- 2019
33. Recent advancements in sorption technology for solar thermal energy storage applications
- Author
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Valeria Palomba and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Sorbent ,sorption ,applications ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Solar thermal energy ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Cold storage ,Sorption ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Technology readiness level ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Thermal energy storage ,materials ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Process engineering ,business ,Working group - Abstract
Sorption thermal energy storage (STES) technology, belonging to the wider class of thermochemical TES, represents a promising alternative to common sensible and latent TESs, especially for applications at low-medium temperature (i.e. below 130 °C). The interest towards this technology is confirmed by the huge amount of research and development activities ongoing, represented by scientific publications as well as funded projects and international working groups. In such a context, the present paper reports about the most recent activities in the STES field. Particularly, it focuses on the analysis of innovative sorbent materials currently under development, comprising liquid absorption, physical adsorption, chemical reactions in pure salts and composite sorbents. Analysis of critical issues like achievable storage density, stability and corrosiveness were reported for each sorbent material. Furthermore, prototypes recently developed for each of the sorbent classes above reported were presented, highlighting the achievable performance, with particular attention towards the TES density attained under typical working conditions for heat and cold storage applications, both with open and closed TES systems. Finally, the most recent international activities focusing on the further development of STES, to help achieving higher Technology Readiness Level (TRL) were reported. These mainly comprise funded R&D projects and international working groups supported by intergovernmental organizations and research and innovations alliances.
- Published
- 2019
34. Innovative composite sorbent for thermal energy storage based on a SrBr2·6H2O filled silicone composite foam
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica, Valeria Palomba, Luigi Calabrese, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Vincenza Brancato
- Subjects
Materials science ,Sorbent ,Scanning electron microscope ,020209 energy ,Composite number ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Hydration ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Sorption storage ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Silicone ,Optical microscope ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,TGA ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Composite foams ,Silicone foam ,chemistry ,SrBr2·6H O 2 ,SrBr2·6H2OComposite foamsSorption storageHydrationTGA ,SrBr2·6H2O ,0210 nano-technology ,Water vapor - Abstract
This paper reports about the first experimental activity on a composite material for thermal energy storage, based on a SrBr2·6H2O filled silicone foam. The morphological and thermal features of the composite with different salt content (i.e. between 40 wt.% and 70 wt.%) were investigated. The dehydration behavior was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, scanning electron and 3D optical microscopy were used to compare the cellular microstructure of the composite foams. The synthesized foams are characterized by a wellinterconnected cellular structure with a three-dimensional porous network. This, together with the high permeability to water vapor of the matrix favors water vapor diffusion and allows the reaction of all the salt embedded in the matrix. The main advantages of the composite material were analyzed and compared to other composites in literature. Since the production process, especially for higher salt content, seemed not sufficiently effective, causing a reduced foaming ration and lower ability to incorporate the salt hydrate, possible improvements were proposed and discussed. This work was partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España (RTI2018-093849-B-C31). Dr. Cabeza would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to her research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program.
- Published
- 2019
35. Recent Advancements in Materials and Systems for Thermal Energy Storage: An Introduction to Experimental Characterization Methods
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica and Luisa F. Cabeza
- Subjects
thermal energy storage ,characterization - Abstract
Libro focalizzato sulle tecniche di caratterizzazione di sistemi e materiali per accumulo termico
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Sorption Thermal Energy Storage
- Author
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Salvatore Vasta, Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Materials science ,sorption ,business.industry ,thermal storage ,Sorption ,Thermal energy storage ,Process engineering ,business ,Thermal Battery - Abstract
In the present chapter, an introduction about the concept of sorption TES technology is reported. The closed and open configurations are discussed and an overview on the ongoing research and development activities for materials, components and systems is given.
- Published
- 2019
37. Atomistic modelling of water transport and adsorption mechanisms in silicoaluminophosphate for thermal energy storage
- Author
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Matteo Fasano, Vincenza Brancato, Pietro Asinari, Gabriele Falciani, Valeria Palomba, Eliodoro Chiavazzo, and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Water transport ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,Monte Carlo method ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Thermodynamics ,Water ,Sorption ,Thermal energy storage ,Molecular dynamics ,Monte Carlo ,SAPO-34 ,Adsorption ,02 engineering and technology ,Microporous material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,020401 chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering - Abstract
SAPO-34 – a silicoaluminophosphate microporous material – has recently attracted a great attention in the field of sorption thermal storage, since it is characterized by good water adsorption behavior (i.e. type V adsorption isotherms) and low regeneration temperature (i.e. 80 °C, for instance available by standard solar thermal energy collectors). However, the nanoscale mechanisms of water transport and adsorption in the microporous framework of SAPO-34 cannot be fully unveiled by experiments alone. In this work, water adsorption onto SAPO-34 is for the first time studied by means of an atomistic model built upon experimental evidence. First, Monte Carlo simulations are employed to set up a convenient atomistic model of water/SAPO-34 interactions, and numerical adsorption isotherms are validated against experimental measures. Second, the validated model is used to study the water diffusion through SAPO-34 by molecular dynamics simulations, and to visualize preferential adsorption sites with atomistic detail. Such atomistic model validated against experiments may ease the investigation and in silico discovery of silicoaluminophosphates for thermal storage applications with tailored adsorption characteristics.
- Published
- 2019
38. Thermal performance of a latent thermal energy storage for exploitation of renewables and waste heat: An experimental investigation based on an asymmetric plate heat exchanger
- Author
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Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, and Vincenza Brancato
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Nuclear engineering ,Plate heat exchanger ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Storage efficiency ,Phase-change material ,Renewable energy ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,pcm ,Waste heat ,Heat exchanger ,Heat transfer ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,latent storage ,0204 chemical engineering ,business - Abstract
In this paper, the experimental characterization of a latent heat storage prototype working in the range of 70–90 °C and characterized by an innovative configuration is presented. The storage consists of a Phase Change Material (PCM), namely a commercial paraffin, embedded in an asymmetric plate heat exchanger. The testing campaign was aimed at defining the effect of operating conditions (flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, charge and discharge temperatures), in terms of energy stored, power supplied to the user and storage efficiency. The results showed that the energy density stored is between 116 and 198 kJ kg−1, whereas power output during discharge varies between 4 and 10 kW. Subsequently, an analysis on part load operation was carried out, which evidenced that properly managing the storage, limiting the discharging to 80% of its maximum storage capacity, allows saving around 50% of time, thus increasing the power density. A thermal network model was proposed to study the contributions of the heat exchanger and phase change material to the overall heat transfer, demonstrating that the phase change material is limiting the heat transfer only when it is in the solid state. Finally, the storage was compared to another prototype developed by the authors employing the same material and a different heat exchanger (a fin-and-tube heat exchanger) according to different structural, energy and dynamic performance indicators. The results highlighted that the present system is especially suitable for applications with a high power demand from the user.
- Published
- 2019
39. Experimental methods for the Characterization of Materials for Sorption Storage
- Author
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Vincenza Brancato and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Measure (data warehouse) ,Materials science ,Sorbent ,DSC measurement ,Thermodynamics ,Adsorption properties ,Sorption ,Experimental methods ,Thermal energy storage ,Characterization (materials science) - Abstract
The present chapter deals with the main experimental characterizations available to measure the performance of sorbent working pairs used in sorption TES. The experimental methods for the evaluation of equilibrium sorption curves and the models for the sorption equilibrium description are introduced. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental approaches for the heat of sorption evaluation are defined and some examples, reported in the literature, about the thermal storage capacity evaluation of different working pairs are reported.
- Published
- 2019
40. Synthesis and characterization of cementitious composite materials for thermal storage applications
- Author
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Davide, Burlon, Roberto Nisticò, LUCA LAVAGNA, Matteo Pavese, Vincenza, Brancato, Andrea, Frazzica, and Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Subjects
Thermal energy storage - Published
- 2019
41. Water adsorption equilibrium and dynamics of LICL/MWCNT/PVA composite for adsorptive heat storage
- Author
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Salvatore Vasta, Yuri I. Aristov, Larisa G. Gordeeva, Alexandra D. Grekova, Alessio Sapienza, Vincenza Brancato, and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
Materials science ,Sorbent ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,Thermal energy storage ,01 natural sciences ,Polyvinyl alcohol ,law.invention ,nanotubes ,storage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,law ,composite ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Adsorption equilibrium ,Sorption ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,adsorption ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Recently, a new composite “LiCl inside Multi-Wall Carbon NanoTubes” (LiCl/MWCNT) has been suggested as water sorbent for Adsorption Thermal Energy Storage (ATES), because it has a large thermal storage capacity of 1.7 kJ/g for a daily heat storage cycle. This work addresses the results of the study of water sorption dynamics on the novel composite loaded into representative small scale fragments of a common finned flat-tube HEx. The study consists of four parts: (1) shaping the LiCl/MWCNT composite as grains using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder; (2) analysis of sorption equilibrium for the pair “LiCl/ MWCNT/PVA – water”; (3) measuring the thermal storage capacity of the granulated LiCl/ MWCNT/PVA composite; (4) investigation of water sorption dynamics on the LiCl/MWCNT/PVA under typical conditions of the daily storage cycle. It is shown that the thermal storage capacity of the LiCl/MWCNT/PVA composite equals 1.5–1.6 kJ/g. The specific power reaches 4.2 and 9.8 kW/kg of the heat release and thermal storage stages, respectively. The results obtained show that the working pair “LiCl/MWCNT/PVA – water” appears to be advantageous for ATES.
- Published
- 2019
42. Definition of Performance Indicators for Thermal Energy Storage
- Author
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Andrea Frazzica, Valeria Palomba, Jaume Gasia, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Joaquim Romaní
- Subjects
business.industry ,Environmental science ,Performance indicator ,Process engineering ,business ,Thermal energy storage - Abstract
With the aim of standardizing the evaluation of thermal storage systems/tanks, this chapter assesses and compares the different performance indicators that can be found in the literature and tries to recommend those which enable a better comparison.
- Published
- 2018
43. Latent heat storage for low-grade heat applications: experimental analysis of a lab-scale prototype
- Author
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Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, Davide La Rosa, and Andrea Frazzica
- Subjects
pcm ,thermal energy storage ,heat exchanger - Abstract
Experimental activity on latent heat storage systems for low-temperature heat applications is still limited and further experience is needed for an improvement of existing materials and systems. In the present work the characterization of a prototype using a plate heat exchanger and a commercial paraffinic PCM is reported. Tests on both charge and discharge under controlled boundary conditions, corresponding to solar cooling applications or domestic hot water production were realised. Results of experiments indicated that the system can provide up to 190 kJ/kg energy, with efficiency between 60% and 78%.
- Published
- 2018
44. Thermochemical heat storage: experimental characterization of materials and prototypes
- Author
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Valeria Palomba, Vincenza Brancato, Davide La Rosa, Alessio Sapienza, Andrea Frazzica, and Salvatore Vasta
- Subjects
adsorption ,thermochemical storage ,thermal energy storage - Abstract
The present paper deals with the experimental activity carried out at CNR-ITAE on two configurations of storages for seasonal heat accumulation. In particular, a commercial material (zeotype FAM Z02) and a composite sorbent (LiCl/vermiculite) were characterized and compared. Adsorption dynamics was evaluated through a Large Temperature Jump apparatus. The results were used to design lab-scale prototypes of the tow systems. Measurements indicated that FAM has a storage capacity up to 600 kJ/kg, while the composite has a storage capacity up to 1250 kJ/kg.
- Published
- 2018
45. Adsorption Heat Storage: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
- Author
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Vincenza Brancato, Davide La Rosa, Giovanni Restuccia, Valeria Palomba, Salvatore Vasta, Alessio Sapienza, and Andrea Frazzica
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Computer science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Context (language use) ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Component (UML) ,Thermo chemical ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,System level ,mechanical_engineering ,General Materials Science ,thermo-chemical ,zeolite ,Process engineering ,business.industry ,silica gel ,Renewable energy ,heat storage ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,adsorption ,State (computer science) ,adsorbent materials ,business - Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) is a key technology to enhance the efficiency of energy systems as well as to increase the share of renewable energies. In this context, the present paper reports a literature review of the recent advancement in the field of adsorption TES systems. After an initial introduction concerning different heat storage technologies, the working principle of the adsorption TES is explained and compared to other technologies. Subsequently, promising features and critical issues at a material, component and system level are deeply analyzed and the ongoing activities to make this technology ready for marketing are introduced.
- Published
- 2018
46. Experimental testing of a hybrid sensible-latent heat storage system for domestic hot water applications
- Author
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Marco Manzan, Alessio Sapienza, Angelo Freni, Giuseppe Toniato, Andrea Frazzica, Giovanni Restuccia, Frazzica, Andrea, Manzan, Marco, Sapienza, Alessio, Freni, Angelo, Toniato, Giuseppe, and Restuccia, Giovanni
- Subjects
Latent heat storage ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,Domestic hot water ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Thermal energy storage ,Storage water heater ,Experimental testing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Heat storage ,Process engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Hybrid heat storage ,Building and Construction ,ESP-r ,PCM ,Energy (all) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,General Energy ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Computer data storage ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Hydrate - Abstract
Aim of this work is to present the results of the testing of a small scale hybrid sensible/latent storage system (nominal volume 48.6 dm3), consisting of water in which macro-encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) are added. Two different PCMs were macro-encapsulated, a commercial paraffin and a hydrate salts mixture prepared in the CNR ITAE lab, and loaded inside the tank in order to be tested. Different volume ratios between the PCM and the water were tested. The tests were conducted simulating different domestic hot water draw-off profiles. The resulting data showed an appreciable increase of heat storage capacity per unit of volume, even for limited fractions of PCM employed, reaching up to 10% of heat storage increasing by 1.3 dm3 of hydrate salts mixture added. Finally, the experimental results were used to test a numerical method of a PCM enhanced tank for dynamic plant simulations in ESP-r environment.
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- 2016
47. Adsorbent working pairs for solar thermal energy storage in buildings
- Author
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Angelo Freni and Andrea Frazzica
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Materials science ,Sorbent ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Thermodynamics ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal energy storage ,Working range ,Adsorption ,Solar thermal ,Thermochemical heat storage ,Desorption ,Heat exchanger ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Working fluid ,Zeolite - Abstract
In this study, the thermodynamic analysis of several adsorption working pairs for adsorption heat storage applications at domestic level is presented. The selected working pairs employ different working fluids (i.e. water, ethanol, ammonia, methanol) and different adsorbent materials such as classical zeolites, silica gels, alumino-phosphates, composite sorbents and activated carbons. The simulations have been performed taking into account desorption temperatures in the range between 80 °C and 120 °C, compatible with non-concentrating solar thermal collectors, under seasonal heat storage working conditions. The composite sorbent MWCNT-LiCl with both water and methanol as working fluid showed the highest heat storage density under practical working boundary conditions. Among the standard adsorbents, the zeotype AQSOA Z02 showed promising achievable heat storage densities. Classical working pairs, such as zeolite 13X/water, commonly employed for heat storage applications, are not suitable for this working range. Finally, also the influence of the metal to sorbent mass ratio, due to the heat exchanger, was investigated, demonstrating that it can reduce the achievable amount of heat released to the user up to 30%.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Experimental investigation of a latent heat storage for solar cooling applications
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Andrea Frazzica, Vincenza Brancato, and Valeria Palomba
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,Nuclear engineering ,Thermodynamics ,Experimental testing ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Thermal energy storage ,Energy storage ,Solar air conditioning ,Heat exchanger ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Solar cooling ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanofluids in solar collectors ,Plate heat exchanger ,Building and Construction ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,General Energy ,PCM ,Heat transfer ,Heat storage ,Latent ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Energy (all) ,Thermosiphon ,0210 nano-technology ,Heat Storage - Abstract
The paper presents the realization and experimental characterization of a lab-scale latent heat storage, specifically developed for solar cooling applications. The latent heat storage is based on a compact fin-and-tube stainless steel heat exchanger (HEX) and a commercial paraffin blend, having a nominal melting temperature of 82 °C, suitable for solar cooling plants employing non-concentrating solar collectors technology. The realised heat storage has been experimentally characterised in lab, by means of a test rig able to simulate the working boundary conditions of a solar cooling plant. Charging and discharging tests have been performed both simulating a completed charge phase followed by a complete discharge phase, to analyse system efficiency and achievable energy storage density. Furthermore, dynamic tests, simulating short consecutive charge/discharge phases (with incomplete phase change), have been accomplished, to analyse the heat transfer efficiency inside the reactor. Main results confirmed that the heat storage density increases of about 50%, compared to sensible water storages. Satisfactory discharge efficiency, ranging between 45% and 60% has been obtained under analysed working conditions. Average discharging power between 0.7 and 1.2 kW has been measured, which confirms the necessity to further optimize the HEX efficiency as well as the thermal conductivity of the employed PCM.
- Published
- 2017
49. Recent advancements in sorption technology for solar thermal energy storage applications.
- Author
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Palomba, Valeria and Frazzica, Andrea
- Subjects
- *
HEAT storage , *SOLAR thermal energy , *TECHNOLOGY assessment , *SORPTION , *SOLAR technology , *PHYSISORPTION , *MOISTURE content of food , *COMPOSITE columns - Abstract
• Review focusing on the most recent advancements in the sorption TES field. • Analysis of activities at materials and systems levels is reported. • Most recent international activities and funded projects in the sorption TES field are also highlighted. Sorption thermal energy storage (STES) technology, belonging to the wider class of thermochemical TES, represents a promising alternative to common sensible and latent TESs, especially for applications at low-medium temperature (i.e. below 130 °C). The interest towards this technology is confirmed by the huge amount of research and development activities ongoing, represented by scientific publications as well as funded projects and international working groups. In such a context, the present paper reports about the most recent activities in the STES field. Particularly, it focuses on the analysis of innovative sorbent materials currently under development, comprising liquid absorption, physical adsorption, chemical reactions in pure salts and composite sorbents. Analysis of critical issues like achievable storage density, stability and corrosiveness were reported for each sorbent material. Furthermore, prototypes recently developed for each of the sorbent classes above reported were presented, highlighting the achievable performance, with particular attention towards the TES density attained under typical working conditions for heat and cold storage applications, both with open and closed TES systems. Finally, the most recent international activities focusing on the further development of STES, to help achieving higher Technology Readiness Level (TRL) were reported. These mainly comprise funded R&D projects and international working groups supported by intergovernmental organizations and research and innovations alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Verification of hydrothermal stability of adsorbent materials for thermal energy storage.
- Author
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Frazzica, Andrea and Brancato, Vincenza
- Subjects
- *
HEAT storage , *VAPOR pressure , *WATER pressure , *WATER vapor , *DIFFRACTION patterns - Abstract
Summary: This paper presents an experimental protocol for the cycling stability of adsorbent materials for thermal energy storage (TES) applications under hydrothermal conditions. Two different aging conditions were identified, namely, cycle and shelf test. The former one mimicking the cycling between desorption and adsorption conditions, while the latter one keeping a constant temperature for long time under constant water vapor pressure. A flexible experimental setup was then designed and realized to contemporarily perform both aging condition under selectable operating conditions. The protocol defines different characterization methods to compare the fresh and the aged samples. The measurement of the water vapor adsorption equilibrium isobars represents the main parameter to directly highlight possible degradation phenomena. Subsequently, X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive x‐ray (SEM–EDX), are used to evaluate structural, textural, morphological, and elemental composition variation that can help in identifying the causes of possible degradation. The proposed protocol was employed to validate the stability of a commercial adsorbent, AQSOA Z02, that proved a quite stable behavior both under cycle and shelf investigated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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