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Highlights: What are the main findings? The calculated HI, UTCI and THW indices show that thermal difference between the city center and the peri-urban area is greater in terms of perceived temperatures (thermal comfort indices) than in terms of air temperatures (UHI) at night in summer, especially during the heat wave period. A correlation between temperature distribution and electrical energy consumption was found. In fact, During the hot period, the overconsumption of electricity can reach 400% in the downtown area. What is the implication of the main finding? The improvement of thermal comfort is possible by promoting natural ventilation. reducing the UHI would reduce the consumption of electrical energy in summer. This study follows on from the work on the urban climate of Sfax and its energy repercussions. The spatial configuration of the urban heat island (UHI) and the spatial distribution of the thermal comfort indices, the heat index (HI), the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and the temperature humidity wind index (THW), resulting from the car survey method, essentially show the impact of land use and the distance from the coastline on the spatial distribution of air temperatures. A maximum difference of 7 °C between the city centre and the countryside is measured in very hot summer weather. During the night phase, the apparent temperatures are oppressive, particularly in the city centre, where HI and THW comfort indices exceeding 40 °C were calculated. Compared to the HI and UTCI, the THW demonstrates a much stronger variation due to the influence of wind between open areas and the downtown area. The intensity of thermal discomfort decreases as one moves towards the rural area (−15 °C compared to the centre), hence the impact on the consumption of electrical energy dedicated to air conditioning. The central part is the most energy-intensive area compared to the peripheral areas, especially during hot days when the use of air conditioners becomes constant, day and night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]