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Start Over Topic thermal analysis Topic x-ray diffraction
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1. Thermoanalytical methods: a valuable tool for art and archaeology.

Author

Franceschi, Enrico

Subjects
*ART, *ARCHAEOLOGY, *THERMAL analysis, *CELLULOSE, *PRESERVATION of materials, *ANTIQUITIES collecting, *ELECTRON microscopy, *X-ray diffraction
Abstract

In this study, some results of previous studies concerning papyrus and paper, with special regard of artistic and archaeological materials, are reported and discussed. A historical introduction of such cellulose-based materials and of their use from the antiquity is presented first. The diagnostics and conservation aspects are discussed. The role of thermal analysis for a precise characterisation of these materials is illustrated. Complementary methods of investigation, such as optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and various types of spectroscopy are also considered. In addition, alteration or restoration processes may be usefully monitored by means of reflectance spectrophotometric measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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2. Ash from a pulp mill boiler--characterisation and vitrification

Author

E. J. R. Davim, M. Helena Vaz Fernandes, A. S. M. Ribeiro, and Regina da Conceição Corredeira Monteiro

Subjects
Pulp mill, Paper, Ceramics, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Differential Thermal Analysis, Surface Properties, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Industrial Waste, X-Ray Diffraction, Differential thermal analysis, Environmental Chemistry, Vitrification, Particle Size, Thermal analysis, Waste Management and Disposal, Metallurgy, Oxides, Silicon Dioxide, Pollution, Solubility, Chemical Industry, Particle-size distribution, Thermogravimetry, Leaching (metallurgy), Particle size, Glass, Valorisation
Abstract

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterisation of the ash resulting from a pulp mill boiler was performed in order to investigate the valorisation of this waste material through the production of added-value glassy materials. The ash had a particle size distribution in the range 0.06-53 microm, and a high amount of SiO(2) (approximately 82 wt%), which was present as quartz. To favour the vitrification of the ash and to obtain a melt with an adequate viscosity to cast into a mould, different amounts of Na(2)O were added to act as fluxing agent. A batch with 80 wt% waste load melted at 1350 degrees C resulting in a homogeneous transparent green-coloured glass with good workability. The characterisation of the produced glass by differential thermal analysis and dilatometry showed that this glass presents a stable thermal behaviour. Standard leaching tests revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution was lower than those allowed by the Normative. As a conclusion, by vitrification of batch compositions with adequate waste load and additive content it is possible to produce an ash-based glass that may be used in similar applications as a conventional silicate glass inclusively as a building ecomaterial.

Published
2009