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Summary: What is known and objectives: Tacrolimus is widely used for kidney transplantation in children. However, the narrow therapeutic window and considerable interindividual and intraindividual variabilities make tacrolimus untoward to design an optimum dosage for paediatric personalized medicine. Our research aims to establish the tacrolimus population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of Chinese paediatric kidney transplantation patients and to distinguish covariates impacting variabilities. Methods: Chinese paediatric kidney transplantation patients treated with tacrolimus between January 2014 and April 2018 from Children's Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively analysed. A total of 51 Chinese paediatric kidney transplantation patients were analysed using non‐linear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM). The effects of population characteristics, biological features and drug combination were assessed. The final PPK model was evaluated using visual inspection of routine diagnostic plots and the internal validation method of bootstrap. Results: Our data met the condition of a one‐compartment model, and the final model was CL/F = 32.7 × (WT/70)0.75 × (1 – WZ × 0.341) × (HGB/97)−0.508; V/F = 1890 × (WT/70) × (POD/57)0.816, where WT, WZ, HGB and POD were weight, Wuzhi capsule (extracted from schisandra sphenanthera, whose primary efficient constituents are schisantherin A, schisandrol B, schisandrin etc, and often used to treat drug‐induced hepatitis in Chinese organ transplant patients), haemoglobin and post‐transplant day, respectively. What is new and conclusion: The tacrolimus PPK model in Chinese paediatric kidney transplantation patients was developed, and Wuzhi capsule and haemoglobin influence tacrolimus elimination in paediatric kidney transplantation patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of transdermal fentanyl for the treatment of moderate or severe cancer-related pain. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chongqing Weipu and Wanfang Database were searched for relevant studies published prior to January 2015. Only randomized controlled trials on the use of the transdermal fentanyl patch for the treatment of cancer pain were selected. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and extracted data. The quality assessment of the studies included was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.1.0). RevMan 5 (version 5.3) and Trial Sequential Analysis software (TSA, version 2.1, provided by Copenhagen Trial Unit, Denmark) were used for data analyses. Results: A total of 35 studies involving 3406 participants met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the effectiveness of management for cancer pain between the use of transdermal fentanyl patch and oral morphine (risk ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.03, P > 0.05). TSA results demonstrated that the cumulative Z-score crossed its monitoring boundaries, and therefore, reliable conclusions had been drawn. Moreover compared with oral morphine, the use of transdermal fentanyl patch resulted in statistically significantly decreased incidence of constipation, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, and urinary retention. There was a significantly greater incidence of skin irritation in patients who used a transdermal fentanyl patch (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings from this study demonstrate that use of transdermal fentanyl for the management of moderate or severe cancer pain had more advantages compared to oral morphine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BulbusFritillariae Cirrhosae(BFC) is widely used in China both for food and folk medicine because of its powerful biological activities. Firstly, this study was designed to examine the antiproliferative activities of the different fractions from BFC in vitro by MTT assay. The results showed that chloroform extracts (CE) and the purified total alkaloids of BFC (TAF) exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity than the other fractions. We further determined the total alkaloids and 3 main alkaloids monomers content of CE and TAF by UV and HPLC-ELSD methods, respectively. Moreover, we assessed the antitumor activity of TAF in vivo and made preliminary investigation of its antitumor mechanism by histological and immunohistochemical staining technique. These results demonstrate that TAF showed significant antitumor activity and low toxicity in vivo. Meanwhile, TAF significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and induced apoptosis by improvement of expression level of caspase-3. These results suggest that alkaloids of BFC could hold a good potential for use as an antitumor drug. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Das geht rein: Phagen können DNA hoch effizient in Wirtzellen einschleusen. Der Gentransfer in widerspenstige mesenchymale Stammzellen (MSCs) gelang durch virusmimetische magnetische Siliciumnanocluster (VMSNCs), die ein auf die MSCs abzielendes Phagenprotein auf ihrer Oberfläche tragen und DNA einschließen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Trichuriasis is soil-source parasitic disease, usually endemic in warm, humid, tropical and subtropical countries. We report a case of trichuriasis diagnosed by colonoscopy performed in a non-endemic area and review the literature on the colonoscopic diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura spanning 22 years (1989–2011) in mainland China. A total of 4382 trichuriasis cases were diagnosed by colonoscopy out of 41 337 patients who underwent colonoscopy. Most of the patients were cured by unloading the whipworms using colonoscopy pincers. We strongly suggest colonoscopy as a useful diagnostic and treatment tool, especially when the patient is lightly infected or is infected by only a few male worms with no eggs in the stool. The geographical distribution, parasite burden, and the parasitizing locations of T. trichiura in the intestine of the human body were analyzed, and the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as the utility of colonoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of trichuriasis are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]