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Introduction: Migraine and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are both common diseases and TMD are reported as a risk factor in migraine progression. OnabotulinumtoxinA is used in the treatment of chronic migraine (CM), and also has a potential role in TMD treatment. In this study, it is aimed to compare the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in CM patients with and without TMD. Methods: In this retrospective study, 30 CM patients (age range: 18--65 years), satisfying the inclusion and follow-up criteria in their medical records were investigated. The PREEMPT injection protocol was taken as reference and onabotulinumtoxinA 155--195 U with fixed-dose has been administered into 31 specific sites within the head/neck muscles in included subjects. Two cycles of treatment were assessed in all patients at the baseline and 12 weeks later. The headache diaries, which were completed routinely one month before, and during 6 months followup after the treatment, were assessed. The effect of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment was compared between CM patients with and without TMD/ bruxism. Results: Of 30 female patients, 17 had concomitant TMD. In week 24, there were significant improvement in the groups with and without TMD regarding to the mean change of frequencies in the days with migraine compared to the initial findings (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: OnabotulinumtoxinA is an effective and safe treatment for CM. Its efficacy appears to be similar in CM patients with and without TM, speculating that the comorbidity of TMD did not play a role for the treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose We aimed to investigate juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients complaining of tremor unrelated to valproate (VPA) treatment and evaluate if there were differences between JME patients with and without tremor and essential tremor (ET) patients to exclude comorbidity. Methods Fifteen JME cases with the complaint of tremor, 14 JME patients without tremor, 14 patients with ET and 14 healthy subjects (HS) were included. Regularity, frequency and amplitude of the tremor and superimposed myoclonia were assessed by accelerometric analysis. Cortical SEPs evoked by the stimulation of the median nerve were recorded bilaterally. Clinical and neurophysiologic features were statistically compared between the groups. Findings Amplitude of postural tremor of the left hand was significantly increased in the ET group compared to JME patients with tremor, but there were no differences regarding to frequency. Strikingly, there were superimposed irregular, low-amplitude inconstant myoclonic jerks located to distal part of the fingers in JME group with tremor. Initial frequency of myoclonic seizures was also significantly higher in this group compared to JME patients without tremor but this difference disappeared after treatment. The group of JME with tremor had the highest N20-P25 and P25-N35 amplitudes, followed by JME without tremor, ET and HS, respectively. Conclusion Tremulous hand movements in JME resembled ET, but their amplitude was lower and characterized with accompanying irregular myoclonic jerks. The presence of tremor in JME patients should be taken into consideration to create more homogeneous groups in genetic and pathophysiological studies of JME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spasticity is a component of the upper motor neuron syndrome and occurs after maladaptive improvement. Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tonus causes restricted movement, muscle shortness, pain, joint malpositions and contractures. When spasticity is harmful, it has to be treated. The treatment of spasticity requires a multidisciplinary approach. Botulinum toxin type A is effective when used with other treatment modalities, especially with physiotherapy. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2010; 47 Supplement: 40-3) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writer's cramp is the most common form of task-specific dystonia. It can cause severe disability in writing speed/fluency. Treatment approaches are variable. Orally administered drugs, different non-pharmacological methods like stereotac- tic surgery are possible treatment options, but botulinum toxin seems to be the most effective choice. ¡Archives of Neuroosvchiatrv 2010:47 Suoolement: 27-9) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]