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Objective: Surgical removal of third molars is often associated with complications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of complications following extraction of third molars relative to the risk factors. Method and Materials: This retrospective study included 463 patients who had mandibular third molar extraction (performed by a single surgeon, DSA) in the years 2001 to 2011. In total, 665 mandibular third molars were extracted. The average patient's age was 29 ± 11.30 years, median 26 years, and the patient age ranged from 13 to 75 years. Patients' records were obtained for medical/general data. Results: The overall prevalence of postsurgical complications was 17%. Dry sockets showed the highest incidence (11.6%). Partially impacted teeth showed the highest incidence of complications (67.3%). Cigarette smoking correlated with increased complications and dry sockets, and complications were more prevalent on the left side (62.8%). Conclusion: Complications after mandibular third molar extraction increase with age, level of impaction, side of extraction, and cigarette smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current medical healthcare has no sufficient innovative drug delivery formulations for treating patients with alveolar osteitis. This study presents a portion of research conducted to design, fabricate, and characterize systems for the treatment of alveolar osteitis. The results demonstrate that intra-alveolar formulations can be designed to function as drug carriers, facilitate wound dressing, and promote tissue regeneration. Our aim was to design cone-shaped implants made of microcrystalline chitosan filled with sodium meloxicam, i.e. , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. SEM analysis revealed the porous structure and monophasic characteristic of the formulation. Moreover, textural analysis demonstrated the effect of different factors (shape, hydration, addition of an active substance) on the hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of the studied systems. The active substance was released in a two-phase process. In vitro biocompatibility tests performed according to ISO 10993-5 confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of the tested formulations. The designed formulations did not stimulate human THP1-XBlue™ monocytes to activate the transcription nuclear factor NF-κB, which ensures that the performed systems do not induce local inflammation. These initial results indicate that the innovative sodium meloxicam release system can improve safety and efficacy in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of bromelain in the treatment of pain, swelling, and limited mouth opening in patients with hematologic tumor after extraction of the third molar during chemotherapy. We recruited 72 patients with hematologic tumor who were treated by oral and maxillofacial surgery in our hospital, and third molar extraction was performed under local anesthesia. After extraction, patients in the control group were treated with cold - hot compress and patients in the experimental group were treated by oral administration of bromelain. One, three, and seven days after extraction, pain, swelling, and mouth opening in the experimental group improved compared to the control group. Additionally, the levels of IL-25 and TNF-α in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group, suggesting less inflammatory response. On the other hand, EGFR and β-FGF were significantly higher in the experimental group, supporting the activation of tissue repair pathways. Quality of life scores were significantly better in the experimental group. Overall, bromelain improves the quality of life, alleviates pain, swelling, and mouth opening, and effectively prevent postoperative complications in patients with hematologic tumors after third molar extraction during chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Displacement of impacted third molars is frequently mentioned in oral and maxillofacial surgery textbooks but rarely reported. However, should this complication arise in general practice, the clinician should not embark on potentially complicated and hazardous surgical procedures to retrieve the displaced tooth. Administration of prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics and urgent referral to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Third molar extraction is one of the most frequent interventions in dentistry. Nevertheless, there is scarce evidence on the host response of individuals with impacted or semi-impacted third molars and the possible effects of surgical removal. A case-control study of 40 patients was designed to evaluate 1) the differences in biomarkers of systemic inflammation, vascular function, and metabolism (high-sensitive C-reactive protein, lipids, fibrinogen, oxidative stress, and endothelial function analysis) and 2) the acute and short-term effects of surgical removal in patients with bilateral impacted or semi-impacted third molars compared to controls with no third molars. Patients undergoing third molar extraction exhibited greater levels of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and triglycerides than controls. Raised white blood cell counts as well as peaks of serum levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were noticed in the first postoperative week. Three months after the extraction, all markers returned to baseline values. Malondialdehyde, an indicator of oxidative stress indicator, was significantly reduced after third molar removal. Semi-impacted or impacted third molars are associated with higher systemic inflammation, and their removal may represent a useful human model to study acute inflammation and determine beneficial systemic effects ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03048175). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteomas are benign slow-growing osteogenic lesions of unknown aetiology which can be central, peripheral or extraskeletal. Peripheral osteomas of the maxilla are very uncommon. We report a 72-year-old female patient who presented to the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School of Athens, Athens, Greece, in 2015 with swelling of the palate following a tooth extraction. Clinical and radiographical features were indicative of a solitary peripheral osteoma of the hard palate. An excisional biopsy and histological examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. No complications occurred during the postoperative period and there was no evidence of recurrence at a one-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: Antiplatelet therapy results in altered platelet function and increased bleeding time (BT). The present study was done to evaluate antiplatelet therapy on bleeding after dental extraction. Materials and Methods: In this prospective case-control study, a total of 150 patients requiring dental extraction were divided into two equal groups; Group I: with 75 patients on antiplatelet therapy and Group II: with 75 patients who have discontinued antiplatelet therapy 5 days before the dental extraction. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, and ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Prior to extraction, BT of all the participants was recorded. Simple extraction for single-molar tooth was done in both the groups under local anesthesia. Suturing followed by pressure pack was placed after extraction. BT after extraction was statistically compared between the groups after 1 h and 24 h using Chi-square test with P < 0.05. Results: None of the patients in both the groups showed active bleeding 1 h and 24 h postoperatively. No bleeding was seen in 71 patients in Group I and 74 patients in Group II after 24 h. Conclusion: The present study showed no significant difference in BT in both the groups. Hence, single-tooth extraction can be done in patients on long-term antiplatelet therapy without discontinuation or alteration of medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a 72-year-old woman who complained of poor wound healing following extraction of her right mandibular teeth. The patient reported prolonged right buccal swelling and a 3-month history of pain after extraction. She was diagnosed with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 and platelet-rich fibrin.

Introduction: This study evaluated the effectiveness, tolerance and compliance of patients with the protocol of the service for the prevention of bleeding after dental extraction in patients with hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease (VWD) or platelet disorders. Patients and Methods: This study prospectively included all patients needing dental extractions and who had blood hemostasis diseases from February 2013 to February 2014, in the regional hospital center of Lille. Replacement therapy such as desmopressin, clotting factor or platelet concentrates as well as local hemostatic methods were used. At the post-operative consultation, patients were asked about the onset of pain, bleeding, complications and the assessment of comfort. Results: Thirty-seven patients were included. Bleeding occurred in thirteen patients (35.14%). Patients evaluated their comfort at 8.77/10 at the hospital and 8.40/10 at home. Discussion: This protocol appears at least as effective as those found in the literature. The main types of complications were pain, allergic reactions and infections. Overall, patients are satisfied with this support. Pluridisciplinary collaboration remains the most important thing for good management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inferior alveolar nerve injuries are a recognised complication of mandibular third molar extractions. This paper describes the different types of nerve injuries that may occur. A differential of possible causes is provided and an approach to the immediate and follow-up management is outlined. The prognosis of such injuries is reviewed so that patients can be informed of the possible postoperative outcome. The algorithm shows the timeline for monitoring/referring and the included tables outline the advantages and disadvantages of surgery versus watchful waiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the most commonly extracted teeth, leading to single edentulous spaces. The data were gathered from a private dental clinic in Bucharest, during a six years period, starting in 2005. Methods. The study included 100 patients, 38 men and 62 women, aged between 19 and 74 years. Data were registered about age, gender, type of extracted tooth and restoration of the edentulous spaces in two situations: at the first visit of the patients in the dental clinic and at the end of the treatment. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to their age. For data analyses were used EPI Info programs and Microsoft Excel. The study was conducted over a period of 6 years (2005-2011). Results and discussions. During the period of the study it was found that the patients showed 188 single edentulous spaces. The results showed that the teeth most frequently extracted were represented by first lower molars, followed by first upper molars. In descending order they were followed by upper premolars, maxilar incisives, lower premolars, mandibular incisives, canines and second upper molars, while second lower molars have registered a rate of 1%. Mandibular canines were present at every patient. The study is relevant statistically, p<0.05. Conclusions. Frequent loss of both lower and upper first molars may be due to early eruption of these teeth, so it is mandatory to give a special attention in order to prevent the loss of these teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Patient: A 67-year-old female with root fracture of the maxillary central incisor underwent implant placement immediately after extraction, with the goal of shortening the treatment period. The superstructure was placed on the implant after a 4-month healing period. Review 5 years after implant loading revealed no clinical problems. Discussion and conclusion: The treatment time was shortened effectively by the flapless immediate post-extraction placement procedure. Immediate post-extraction implant placement based on proper examination and diagnosis would reduce the patient burden. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Alveolar Osteitis or dry socket is one of the most common post extraction complications. Because of the extreme intensity and radiating character of the pain, it is considered as a bane to dentistry. A variety of modalities for its management have been studied over the centuries. This article describes a study carried out in our institution to compare the use of Dextranomer granules versus Zinc Oxide eugenol in treatment of alveolar osteitis. Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 patients was studied to evaluate the effectiveness of these granules in early control of pain and promotion of wound healing. Subjects were randomly assigned to Group A who received Zinc Oxide Eugenol dressing and Group B who received Dextranomer dressing. Results: Statistically significant results with respect to pain control and initial healing were obtained in favor of dextranomer dressing. Better handling characteristics and no allergic reactions were observed. Conclusion: The use of Dextranomer in the treatment of Alveolar Osteitis is encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To investigate (i) the impact of post fit (form-congruence) and (ii) the influence of post length on the fracture resistance of severely damaged root filled extracted teeth. Methodology Ninety-six single-rooted human teeth were root filled and divided into four groups ( n = 24 per group). Post spaces were prepared with a depth of 6 mm (group 1, 3) and 3 mm (group 2, 4). Form-congruence with a maximal fit of the post within the root canal space was obtained in groups 1 and 2, whereas there was no form-congruence in groups 3 and 4. In all groups, glass fibre reinforced composite (FRC) posts were adhesively cemented and direct composite crown build-ups were fabricated without a ferrule. After thermo-mechanical loading (1200000×, 5–50 °C), static load was applied until failure. Loads-to-failure [in N] were compared amongst the groups. Results Post fit did not have a significant influence on fracture resistance, irrespective of the post length. Both groups with post insertion depths of 6 mm resulted in significantly higher mean failure loads (group 1, 394 N; group 3, 408 N) than the groups with post space preparation of 3 mm (group 2, 275 N; group 4, 237 N). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the fracture resistance of teeth restored with FRC posts and direct resin composite crowns without ferrules was not influenced by post fit within the root canal. These results imply that excessive post space preparation aimed at producing an optimal circumferential post fit is not required to improve fracture resistance of roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of eight year old child who developed severe subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitonium in recovery room after apparently uneventful general anaesthesia for eight primary teeth extractions. Causes and treatment of these complications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the long term success and survival rates of implants replacing a single molar between two natural teeth and to evaluate the influence of implant characteristics on implant success. Methods: The study was based on a consecutive cohort of 81 patients who received implants to replace a single molar between the years 1994 and 2004. Inclusion criteria for patients were having an implant replacing a molar between two natural teeth and follow up data of at least 6 months. Data were recorded regarding the incidence of complications and success and survival rates of these implants. Results: The range of follow-up was from 6 to 125 months (mean: 36 months). Smoking was reported by 18.5% of patients. The replacement of a mandibular molar was more frequent (87.7%), with 25.9% of the implants placed immediately after tooth extraction. Two implants were used to replace a single molar in seven patients (8.6%). The failure rate was 7.4% (six implants failed: three had broken necks, and three failed because of infection or bone loss). Complications included suppuration in 11.1% of implants and a pocket around the implant in two patients (2.5%). No relation was found among failure, complications, timing of implant placement, and smoking habits. Conclusion: A single implant can serve as a good long-term and predictable treatment modality to replace a single molar with low complication and failure rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses cases of patients who developed ipsilateral cluster headache (CH) after the extraction of an ipsilateral molar tooth. Characterization of CH; Review of literature on CH associated with head trauma or structural brain lesions; Role of hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of CH.

Various options are available for the surgical management of oroantral fistulae however postoperative wound dehiscence is common with a single layer closure technique, and the management often becomes difficult because of a lingering maxillary sinus infection. In this case a double layered technique, consisting of buccal fat pad in conjunction with buccal advancement flap was used for surgical closure of oroantral fistulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extraction of mandibular third molars are somewhat a matter of interest because of its malpositioning , curved roots, proximity to vital structures due to this the procedure is often associated with post operative complications like pain and trismus. The extraction of third molar was classified in four grads according to the difficulty of the procedure. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to find any significant relationship between grading of extraction and post operative complications like pain and trismus. Materials and Methods: A total number of 180 patients need to go for extraction of third molar was included in the study. The variables taken into account were grading of extraction, pain six hour post operatively trismus one day after extraction, and trismus five day after extraction. The four grades of extractions as described by Parent in 1974 were statistically analyzed by computing pearson product moment correlation coefficient with post operative pain and trismus first and fifth day to find any co relation between them. Results: The grading of extraction was found significantly correlated with post operative pain, trismus one day after and fifth day of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a clinico-pathological study of fusospirochetal angina. It comments on fatal cases of fusospirochetal angina and mentions the cases involved extensive ulcerations. It presents a case of a female patient suffering from fusospirochetal angina and includes information of a physical examination of the patient, clinical pathology, and treatment which included the removal of an infected third molar before her death.

PURPOSE: To investigate complications in extraction of complicated impacted wisdom teeth whose root apex near to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) by using routine method (chisels),high speed turbine handpiece and piezosurgery device respectively. METHODS: Three hundred qualified patients with impacted wisdom teeth were divided into three groups randomly, one hundred patients in group A were extracted by routine method, one hundred patients in group B were extracted by high speed turbine handpiece, and one hundred patients in group C were extracted by piezosurgery device. The operation time, postoperative pain duration, dry socket and IAN injury were compared between each two groups. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. Differences between groups were compared using a paired t test (quantitative data) or Chi-square test (qualitative data). RESULTS: The operation time in group A was (14.12±0.12)rain, (7.22±0.15)min in group B, (25.23±0.32)min in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B (P<0.05), group B and group C (P<0.05), group A and group C (P<0.05). Postoperative pain duration was (62.15±1.51)h in group A, (48.23±plusmn;1.23)h in group B, (14.34-±0.80)h in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B(P<0.05), group B and group C(P<0.05),group A and group C(P<0.05).9 patients developed dry socket in group A, 2 in group B, and 1 in group C; Significant difference was found between group A and group B (P<0.05), group A and group C (P<0.05). Six patients had IAN injury in group A, 2 in group B, 0 in group C. Significant difference was found between group A and group C. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with routine method, high speed turbine is better in extraction of impacted wisdom teeth, which can shorten operation time, lessen postopertive complications. Although there was longer operation time compared with group A and B, piezosurgery device is more effective in reducing postopertive complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the health aspects of the African traditional practice of dental incision or extraction in treating diarrhea among African immigrants in the United States. Percentage of dental incision/extraction in African countries; Cultural beliefs regarding the practice; Description of the procedures; Consequences of the practice; History of the practice.

The article presents a sample form which outlines the post-operative instructions for pediatric dentistry patients who undergo tooth extractions and other forms of oral surgery. Gingival graft and frenectomy procedures are addressed, along with post-surgical symptoms such as numbness and bleeding. Surgical site care is examined, as well as information about sutures, oral hygiene, and pain relief for children using medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

The article describes the case of an 88 year old HIV-negative, non-diabetic man who developed right facial pain, swelling and redness a day after right upper molar extraction and serious drainage and swelling of the right eyelid despite outpatient therapy with amoxicillin and valacyclovir. Swabs indicated co-infection with herpes simplex virus type 1, varicella-zoster virus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and he received intravenous acyclovir and antibiotics.

Comments on a study by Graham and colleagues which examined the traditional practice of dental incision and extraction to prevent and treat diarrhea. Discussion on the health aspects of the practice; Recommendations for primary care professionals; Implications of the study.