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This paper provides ways of thinking about what we understand about the suicide. From a historical analysis it aims to identify and to analyze, in Rio de Janeiro in the early twentieth century, conditions that allowed the elaboration and assemblage of knowledge, discourses, directions, meanings and references to and from the act of giving death. It is proposed the hypothesis that we are still tied to a problematic and a subject that were drafted and engineered in Brazil since at least the beginning of the twentieth century, biopolitics. Historical sedimentation that shape not only the explanations accepted as true and possible, as the means of developing interpretations. It is therefore an exercise of a reflective and analytical testing to evaluate how biopolitics allowed new forms of intelligibility and explanation for the suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]