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The textile industry's rapid growth and reliance on synthetic fibres have generated significant environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices. Chemical recycling offers a promising pathway to reduce textile waste by converting used fibres into valuable raw materials, yet technical challenges remain due to the complex compositions of textile waste, such as dyes, additives, and blended fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of the use of elastane on the tailorability and appearance of 100% wool and different proportions of wool – man-made fiber blended worsted suiting fabrics was investigated. The evaluations were made by means of mechanical properties. Although the amount of elastane used in the weft yarn of elastane-containing fabrics differed in each group, it was observed that the effect of elastane varied mainly depending on the fabric weight. It was seen that the use of elastane increased the bending rigidity for heavy weight (290 g/m2 and above) fabric groups (groups 1 and 6) and negatively affected tailorability due to low shear rigidity for fabrics other than these groups. Except for the group with low fabric weight, all groups were found to improve the appearance in both weft and warp directions. However, it was concluded that fabrics containing 7% or more elastane in the weft may have a seam puckering problem due to low formability in the warp direction. The effect of elastane on extensibility was found to be influenced by fabric density, elastane content and construction in addition to fabric weight. The low fabric density and weight caused excessive extensibility, resulting in very poor tailorability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, the demands on the durability and quality of polyester fabrics used for sportswear have increased, as these fabrics contribute to athletes' performance. At the same time, the use of recycled polyester material is increasingly being promoted for environmental reasons. This study focused on investigating the properties of standard and recycled polyester fabrics before and after aging according to the developed aging protocol. The surface morphology, thickness, elongation at break, force at break, bursting force, mass loss due to abrasion and moisture management of the fabrics were tested. The results showed that the aging process had no influence on the surface changes in the fabrics. More specifically, there were neither surface cracks on the fibre surface nor chemical changes. The highest decrease in force at break for standard polyester fabrics with elastane was up to 26%, and up to 15% for fabrics made of recycled polyester. The loss of mass due to abrasion was greater for recycled polyester than for standard polyester fabrics. The average ability of the fabrics to absorb moisture decreased by up to 23% after aging, while the wetting time increased by up to 30%, with the highest increase observed in recycled fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of weft yarn parameters on the elasticity and recovery properties of stretch denim fabrics. For this purpose, frequently used denim fabric was taken as a reference point, and to study the elasticity, and dimensional change properties of the reference fabric, the production of new denim fabrics was designed with the use of different core yarns in the weft direction with different ratios. As a result, five different denim fabrics containing three different weft yarns with different sequences in Twill 3/1 Z weave type were produced. All fabric samples were prepared as half legs form and rinse washing, stone washing and stone+bleaching washing processes were applied. Elasticity, residual extension, and dimensional stability tests of the samples were performed, and the results were analyzed regarding the weft yarn properties and finishing processes. In addition to these tests, mass per unit area was examined to observe the weight changes of the fabrics due to shrinkage after washing. All tests were evaluated statistically. According to the analysis, it was found that the fabric performance was affected by the weft yarn type, and the different washing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent times, stretch denim garments have become very popular amongst consumers as the garment is able to provide body fit and body comfort at the same time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of abrasion on the change in surface appearance, mass loss and ultimate tensile properties of the stretch denim fabric in different directions (warp, weft and biased). Design/methodology/approach: After abrading the fabrics in three different directions (warp, weft and biased), the loss in ultimate tensile properties, mass loss and surface appearance has been investigated in the respective directions of abrasion (warp, weft and biased). The study also encompasses the effect of different types of stretch yarn with varying levels of elastane content on such unidirectional abrasive damage. Findings: It is seen that with the same level of abrasion cycles, the fabric's response in terms of mass loss and loss in ultimate tensile properties are different in different directions. The mass loss due to abrasion in biased direction is found to be minimum. The loss in ultimate tensile properties due to abrasion was highest in the weft direction. It is also found that the higher mass loss due to abrasion does not always result in a greater loss in ultimate tensile properties. The composition and the structure of the weft yarn significantly affected the extent of the mass loss and the loss in ultimate tensile properties during abrasive damage. Originality/value: The impact of abrasive damage in terms of mass loss and loss in tensile strength along the different directions of denim fabric has not been explored till date. Abrasion of fabric can be done both in multi-direction (Lissajous motion) as well as in uni-direction (linear motion). The multidirectional abrasion provides a holistic or comprehensive idea of the fabric's response to the abrasive damage but does not take into consideration the fabric's anisotropic response to the abrasive damage. Most of the earlier investigation related to abrasive damage of denim fabric has been done in instruments where the motion of the abrader is multidirectional (Lissajous) in nature. For greater depth of understanding about the fabric performance under abrasive damage along the various direction (warp, weft and biased), unidirectional abrasion is conducted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-core yarn structures, one of the hybrid yarn types preferred in denim fabric structures recently, make it possible to improve the stretch properties of fabrics and to profit from the features of two or more materials simultaneously. In this study, innovative dual-core yarn structures containing elastane and wool yarn cores and cotton fiber as sheath fibers were developed by changing production parameters (twist, cores draft ratio). It is thought that innovative, relatively more natural denim fabrics with increased thermal insulation can produce with dual-core yarns containing wool fiber. The yarn type that meets the expectations of denim manufacturers among the 27 yarn types was selected with Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) from multi-criteria decision-making methods, and production parameters were determined. According to the MULTIMOORA method and expert opinion, 16 coded dual-core yarn sample (670 T/m, 1.05 wool draft ratio, and 3.3 elastane draft ratio) was the best alternative, and eight coded dual-core yarn sample (585 T/m, 3.5 elastane draft ratio, and 1.05 wool draft ratio) was the worst alternative found for denim fabric production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry faces significant challenges in recycling of fibres from clothes due to the complex blends of natural and synthetic polymers that are used in their production. One of the challenges is the inclusion of elastane, that is added in textile constructions to provide stretch and comfort. It is generally present in small proportions, but even in such low amounts it interferes in recycling of the other polymer types in clothing. Thus, the elastane needs to be removed from textile blends to improve fibre recycling rates. The typical solvents for elastane, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc), are toxic and not environment friendly, which makes it difficult to handle them in large quantities. This study focuses on the selective separation of elastane from clothing by dissolution/precipitation method. It will be shown that elastane can be separated at room temperature, by mixing two solvents at a specific ratio. • Facile selective dissolution and recovery of elastane at room temperature. • Solvent blends with comparable or higher solubility for elastane than DMF. • Process applicable for elastane blends with polyester and cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report presents a novel technique to assess the moisture management test on uniformly stretched compression fabrics using a clamping device, which represents behavior close to the actual behavior when worn, the effects of stretching on hydrophobic/hydrophilic and surface patterning on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon fabrics. The wicking behaviors of stretching, coating and patterning are discussed. We report that (1) coated compression fabrics were found to enhance moisture management based on the bottom spreading speed, top absorption rate and one-way transport capability criteria, (2) stretching plays a significant role in moisture management and (3) the best moisture management performance was exhibited by the hydrophobic inner and hydrophilic outer-coated PET fabric, under stretched conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia houses the world's most significant and comprehensive collection of Speedo swimwear and accessories. The museum has identified a problem with the long-term storage of certain Spandex/Lycra®items where the elastane fibre has degraded leading to oil formation. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) determined that most of these garments were manufactured using nylon-elastane fibres, and the elastane component comprises polyetherurethane or polyesterurethane polymers. Certain polyesterurethanes are known to be vulnerable to hydrolysis, and this was confirmed for a subset of the collection using two chemical testing protocols, and a thermal testing protocol that reproduced the oil formation. A polyetherurethane garment in the collection was unchanged by these tests. The oil from the thermal testing was confirmed as a breakdown product of the polyester component of the elastane fibre, using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The study demonstrates the value of ATR-FTIR for minimally invasive identification of elastane fabrics that may require specialized storage in a humidity-controlled environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The methods for loop length measurement have mostly been developed for knitted fabrics made from conventional yarns. When measuring the loop lengths of knitted structures made from highly extensible staple yarns, problems arise because of an uncontrolled yarn extension at the low stresses. The present study proposes a test method for knitted loop length determination in which variable preloads are applied. In the study, the loop lengths measured on an INSTRON dynamometer using variable preloads and a HATRA Course Length Tester using a fixed preload were compared. The results demonstrated that knitted structures made from elasticised yarns exhibit only small changes in loop length after relaxation. The addition of elastane does not significantly influence loop lengths for fabrics knitted using the same machine, the same cam setting and relaxed by the same process. The loop lengths measured on an INSTRON dynamometer exceed the loop lengths measured on a HATRA Course Length Tester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been aimed at analyzing the fabrics of different characteristics drapes, considering the specimen shape which is similar to the garment part construction. Three wool and wool blended fabrics suitable for outerwear have been chosen for the study. The bending rigidity of tested fabrics is determined using the bending meter which works on the cantilever principle. In order to examine the influence of clothes construction on the fabrics drape, the cape is chosen for this work. The specimen has the shape corresponding to the shape of a side part of a cape which can be flared during design until desirable degree has been reached. For prediction of fabric behaviour in a garment, the traces of horizontal projections of specimen's bottom view as well as specimen's front view are analyzed. The results show that geometrical fold characteristics depend not only on the structural and mechanical properties of fabrics but also on the clothes construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermophysiological comfort properties of polyester elastane-plated fabric have been studied by varying the polyester filament shape factor, elastane linear density, and fabric loop length. Thermal and evaporative resistances were measured using sweating guarded hot plate. Absorption and wicking properties were measured using M/K GATS. Moisture management properties were measured by moisture management tester. Multilinear regression equations were calculated for all the properties by using generalized linear model (GLM). The hypothesis tests were performed on estimated model (GLM) and the probability values (p-values) were calculated for each variable. Most of the heat and moisture transmission properties were found to be significantly affected by all three variables (i.e. filament shape factor, elastane linear density, and fabric loop length) at 95% level of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The garment stretch and recovery characteristics due to body movements can be indirectly assessed by the dynamic elastic recovery (DER) value of the fabrics at different extension levels. In order to study DER of elastic fabrics, a comparative analysis was made between spandex-plated cotton fabric and spandex core cotton spun (SCCS) fabric. It was found that the spandex-plated cotton fabric has higher DER value than that of SCCS fabric. The results of this study show that this phenomenon is due to the residual energy of the elastane unraveled from these fabrics. The stress values of these fabrics have no significant effect at 95% confidence level. It is concluded that the spandex-plated cotton fabric is suitable than SCCS fabric, for the tight fit garments meant for the sports like Javelin, shot-put, and athletics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the performance of stretch denim fabric under the effect of repeated home laundering practices was studied. Four denim fabrics with different percentages of elastane were subjected to various simulated home laundering cycles, i.e. one, three, five, and 25. After the repeated home laundering processes, performance properties such as dimensional stability, tensile strength, air permeability, stiffness, mass change, thickness and fabric growth and stretch ability were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, those evaluated properties were affected by the repeated home laundering practice to various extents; the results were quantitatively measured and discussed. In addition, the effect of various percentages of elastane in the stretch denim fabric on the fabric performance after repeated home laundering practices was also investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear comfort desired by the consumer is leading to increased use of fabrics containing elastane filaments. However, the elastane's ratio is an important factor influencing the fabric's mechanical properties. Thus, we study the effect of elastane's ratio and finishing process on the elasticity of denim whose weft yarns are cotton covered elastane-core spun yarns having the same twist factor and various elastane's ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A garment should receive elongations and deformations of proper magnitude in various directions during its exploitation. It should also return to its previous shape. Elastane yarn extends the deformation possibilities of woven fabrics. The aim of this research was to establish a method for correct evaluation of garment behaviour during its manufacture and wear. An original method was created to evaluate the deformation anisotropy of fabrics under tension. The main idea of the experimental part was to evaluate the deformation of specimens after loading. At each experimental stage after delayed recovery, we measured the decrease in the specimen's width, the shear angles, the difference in length of the specimen's edges, the elongation at a fixed load, and the width of the specimen. The weave structure of textile fabrics, the existence of elastane fibre and the direction of the tensile force have an influence on the non-uniformity of the deformation. The anisotropy of tested woven fabrics also depends on the type of yarns and their structure, as well as on the warp and weft yarn orientation with respect to the tensile force. The results of this experiment also showed that the structure of elastane influences the anisotropy of deformation of fabrics. This method can be used not only for stretched but also for other fabrics which have larger anisotropy of tensile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental study of the seam performance of PET/nylon-elastane woven fabrics. In this study, plain and twill fabrics were woven with three different weft densities. Two different sewing threads were used during the sewing of the fabrics. Therefore, 12 samples having different specifications were obtained. For these fabrics, nylon-elastane air-covered yam was used as the weft yarn and PET air-covered yarn was used as the warp yarn. Seam strength, seam slippage strength, sewing needle penetration force and seam efficiency were determined for these fabrics for seam performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the suitable sewing conditions in order to achieve good seam performance. This study also investigated the effects of weft density, weave type and sewing thread on the seam performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]