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Background: Trial and registry data have reported mortality rates and causes of death in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs); however, a more granular description is needed of end of life, including location of death and quality of life (QOL), to better guide expectations and care., Methods: To identify where patients with an LVAD died, characterize QOL before death, and cause of death over time, we evaluated patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) implanted with a continuous-flow LVAD., Results: From 18,733 patients implanted with an LVAD during the period 2008 to 2016, 4,916 patients were known to have died, of whom 98% had a recorded location of death. Overall, 76.9% died in the hospital, with progressively more patients dying outside of the hospital further post-LVAD implant: <1 month, 2.3%; 1 to 12 months, and 16.8%; and >12 months, 37.4%. In a multivariable analysis, increased age (RR (risk ratio) 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.12, p = 0.01) and destination therapy indication (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.01) increased the likelihood of dying outside the hospital. Comparing 3 months post-implant with 6 months before death in a subset of patients, QOL remained clinically stable (EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale [mean ± SD]: 68.3 ± 22.2 to 66.7 ± 21.7, p = 0.11; KCCQ: 61.0 ± 22.2 to 57.8 ± 23.2, p = 0.003). The most common cause of death <1 month post-implant was multiple-organ failure (20.4%) and at >1 month post-implant it was neurologic dysfunction (28.2%)., Conclusions: Most patients with an LVAD died in the hospital. QOL remained stable months before death and causes of death were varied, but increasingly dominated by stroke. By understanding death with an LVAD in place, clinicians are in a better position to educate patients and caregivers about what to expect and provide to support tailored to patient and caregiver needs., (Copyright © 2018 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Context: Stability of preferences for life-sustaining treatment may vary depending on personal characteristics., Objective: We estimated the stability of preferences for end-of-life treatment over 12 years and whether advance directives and medical conditions were associated with change in preferences for end-of-life treatment., Design: Mailed survey of older physicians., Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of medical students in the graduating classes from 1948 to 1964 at Johns Hopkins University. Eight hundred ninety eight physicians who completed the life-sustaining treatment questionnaire anytime in 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2011 (mean age 68.2 years at baseline). Preferences for life-sustaining treatment were assessed using a checklist questionnaire in response to a standard "brain injury" scenario and considered as a package using the latent class transition model., Results: End-of-life preferences grouped into three classes: most aggressive (wanting most interventions; 14% of physicians), least aggressive (declining most interventions; 61%), and an intermediate class (declining most interventions except intravenous fluids and antibiotics; 25%). Physicians without an advance directive were more likely to desire more treatment and were less likely to transition out the most aggressive class. Transition probabilities from class to class did not vary over time. Persons with cancer expressed preference for the least aggressive treatment, whereas persons with cardiovascular disease and depression had preferences for more aggressive treatment., Conclusion: Transitions in end-of-life preferences and the factors influencing change and stability suggest that periodic reassessment for planning end-of-life care is needed., (Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Death and dying remains a taboo topic in many social settings, and is underrepresented in health profession training. This report describes the use of the Death Café model as a forum for engaging students in discussion of death and dying with their peers and other health professionals. A Death Café is an opportunity for individuals to gather in an informal environment to exchange thoughts about issues associated with death, dying, loss, and illness. This report outlines the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of a Death Café event hosted at a nursing school as part of an academic health center. Twenty-four participants from five disciplines participated in discussions, reported positive experiences, and desired to learn more about issues surrounding death and dying. Findings from this event suggest that this approach may be useful for institutions seeking to provide additional learning opportunities for students and/or healthcare professionals on palliative and end-of-life care in a supportive and enabling context.