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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive-manufacturing techniques which used to fabricate thermoplastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen for this study due to its cost benefits and widely explore due to its biodegradable properties [1], [2], [3]. Due to limited resources to investigate the mechanical properties of CPLA/Fe2O3. This paper aimed to study the mechanical properties of CPLA/Fe2O3 prepared through 3D printing. The samples were fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) with an addition of powder dispenser as a filler distribution. Different infill densities (100%, 90%, 80%) and different infill patterns (Concentric, Grid, ZigZag) were used as the printing parameters. Tensile testing was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of CPLA/Fe2O3. The tensile strength of CPLA/Fe2O3 of 100% infill density was the highest compared to 90% and 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the effect of ZnO filler content on the mechanical properties of PLA/ZnO. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) was used to print the samples. Polylactic Acid (PLA) was used in this project and the ZnO powder was added during the printing process. The speed of the dispenser (low speed=1000 RPM, medium speed = 1400 RPM and high speed=1800 RPM) is the parameter that was varied to control the filler content of the composite. All the samples underwent a tensile test to determine the mechanical properties and followed by the SEM test to analyse the surface changes and fracture mechanics of the tensile test. Tensile test results reveal that as the dispenser's speed is increased from 1400 RPM to 1800 RPM, the tensile strength decreases from 23.664 MPa to 22.046 MPa. However, pure PLA has the lowest tensile strength at 21.963MPa. This tensile strength corresponds to the percentage of break elongation, with samples at the low dispenser speed of 1000 RPM having the greatest percentage of elongation with 4.04% due to the high tensile strength. SEM analysis reveals that pure PLA has a smooth and flat appearance morphology, whereas the PLA/ZnO composite has a rougher surface and many voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLA has become high interest in the production process. Besides, PLA as a thermoplastic polyester that mostly obtained from renewable materials. Infill patterns can affect the mechanical properties of 3D printed CPLA-Fe2O3 and PLA-Fe2O3. Concentric infill pattern of both CPLA-Fe2O3 and PLA-Fe2O3 have the highest tensile strength value, 55.42MPa and 50.44MPa respectively as compared to grid and zigzag infill pattern. The consistent adhesion between the layers and the inter raster bonding cause the concentric infill pattern experience highest tensile strength and also can cause the lowest elongation at break, 2.06% and 5.80% respectively for both CPLA-Fe2O3 and PLA-Fe2O3, compared to zigzag and grid infill pattern of specimens. The 100% infill density of both CPLA-Fe2O3 and PLA-Fe2O3 have the highest tensile strength value, 55.42MPa and 50.44MPa respectively as compared to 80% and 90% infill densities. It was believed that the higher the infill density, the stronger the inter raster bonding and less air gap between printed layers. 80% infill density of CPLA-Fe2O3 has the highest elongation at break value, 4.98% as compare to 90% and 100% which were 3.46% and 2.16% respectively. Besides, 100% infill density and grid infill pattern have the highest hardness value which they able to withstand the force applied before deformation. As for application, 3D printed PLA-Fe2O3 and CPLA-Fe2O3 can be applied in packaging, pharmaceuticals, textiles, automotive, biomedical and tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fused deposition modelling is a famous fabrication technique for engineering materials such as polylactic acid(PLA) which have lower melting temperature. PLA are semi crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastics and best alternative for petroleum based plastics. The printing parameters are one of the major concern for fused deposition modelling as it will affect the print properties. Infill density contributes to the changes on the mechanical properties. Infill density indicates the amount of materials the print and governs the amount of air gap between raster. This study aims to find out the optimal infill density of PLA and conductive PLA. For pure PLA, it shows an increasing trend in ultimate tensile strength as infill density increasing and achieved highest in 100% infill. However, there are decreasing trend present in conductive PLA as infill density increases. The tensile strength for conductive PLA are generally 2 times lower than the pure PLA printed due to presence of carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]