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To evaluate treatment outcome of a jaw exercise (JE) intervention program combined with an information/counselling program (IC) vs. information/counselling alone. A clinical sample of 83 adolescents, experiencing painful clicking or catching/locking of the jaw, and diagnosed with symptomatic disc displacement with reduction according to RDC/TMD, were randomly assigned to JE/IC or IC program. Both programs were internet-delivered. The adolescents were examined clinically at baseline, at a 2-month mid-evaluation, and at 4months posttreatment by examiners blinded to which programs the adolescents were assigned to. The JE/IC group showed significantly more improvements of painful catching/locking (p =.017), eating ability (p =.006) and of their jaw function limitation (p =.026) compared to the IC group. Significantly more adolescents in the JE/IC group also reported a ≥50% improvement of the catching/locking of the jaw with pain (p =.024) and for eating ability (p =.034) based on a severity index. Treatment method credibility and satisfaction were also significantly higher in the JE/IC group. The internet-delivered JE/IC program showed a better outcome compared to IC alone. The former is thus a feasible and cost-effective treatment for adolescents with symptomatic disc displacement with reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare the development of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a sample of patients with juvenile arthritis (JA) and a matched control sample. Methods: In 1986, 40 patients with JA (28 girls and 12 boys; mean age ± SD, 18 ± 4.5 years) and an age- and sex-matched control sample were examined for signs and symptoms of TMD. Fifteen years later in 2001, a questionnaire concerning symptoms of TMD was sent to these subjects. Twenty-eight individuals (68%) in the JA sample (20 women and 8 men; mean age ± SD, 35 ± 5.2 years) and 26 controls (19 women and 7 men; 34 ± 4.0 years) were available for the follow-up. Results: The overall prevalence of symptoms of TMD increased between the 2 examinations in both groups. The prevalence of reported TMD symptoms, such as jaw pain, fatigue in the jaws, and difficulty opening the jaws wide, as well as awareness of tooth clenching, headaches, neck and shoulder pains, was significantly greater among the JA sample than among the controls at the follow-up. Conclusion: The study indicates that prevalence of pain and dysfunction in the craniofacial or cervical regions of JA patients is increased more than 20 years after the onset of JA compared to healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on general joint hypermobility (GJH) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are quantitative and have concluded that joint hypermobility is a risk factor for development of TMD. The present qualitative study aimed to explore young adults' daily life experiences of GJH, specifically these relating to jaw function, and their experiences of medical and dental care providers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine young adults (18–22 yr of age) and data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The overarching thematic category that emerged was 'Hypermobility in daily life', which was broken into six subthemes and three themes: 'emotional perception', 'dealing with symptoms', and 'outside influences'. Participants' narratives centred on experiences of complex symptoms, awkward jaw function and joint noises, feeling different, and a lack of support from general medical and dental care providers. The findings show that young adults with joint hypermobility need early support from medical and dental care providers for managing their symptoms and conditions related to GJH. Future studies are warranted to develop guidelines for professionals in medical and dental care to detect and prevent forthcoming problems and to offer relevant support to hypermobile youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of orofacial pain and jaw disability in relation to neck pain, neck disability, and psychosocial factors at the acute stage and the chronic stage after whiplash trauma.Summary Of Background Data: Many individuals report chronic pain in the orofacial region after whiplash trauma. The possible association between whiplash trauma and orofacial pain is debated. Prospective studies are therefore needed to evaluate the development of orofacial pain after whiplash trauma.Methods: Within 1 month following a whiplash trauma, 176 cases were examined and compared to 116 controls with questionnaires concerning neck and jaw pain and related disability, nonspecific physical symptoms and depression. At the 2-year follow-up, 119 cases (68%) and 104 controls (90%) were re-examined.Results: Compared to controls, cases reported more jaw and neck pain, both at baseline and follow-up. A majority (68%) of cases with pain in the jaw region in the acute stage also reported jaw pain at the follow-up. The intensity of jaw and neck pain was correlated both at baseline and follow-up. Both neck pain and jaw pain were correlated to nonspecific physical symptoms and to depression.Conclusion: Orofacial pain and jaw disability related to neck pain are often present already at the acute stage after whiplash trauma and persist into the chronic stage for most individuals. Assessment following whiplash trauma should therefore include both the neck and the orofacial regions. More studies are needed to further evaluate risk factors for development of orofacial pain after whiplash trauma.Level Of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective. To analyze whether gender, self-reported bruxism, and variations in dental occlusion predicted incidence and persistence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) during a 2-year period. Material and methods. The study population comprised 280 dental students at Umeå University in Sweden. The study design was that of a case-control study within a 2-year prospective cohort. The investigation comprised a questionnaire and a clinical examination at enrolment and at 12 and 24 months. Cases (incidence) and controls (no incidence) were identified among those without signs and symptoms of TMD at the start of the study. Cases with 2-year persistence of signs and symptoms of TMD were those with such signs and symptoms at all three examinations. Clinical registrations of baseline variables were used as independent variables. Odds ratio estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the relative risks of being a case or control in relation to baseline registrations were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Results. The analyses revealed that self-reported bruxism and crossbite, respectively increased the risk of the 2-year cumulative incidence and duration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) signs or symptoms. Female gender was related to an increased risk of developing and maintaining myofascial pain. Signs of mandibular instability increased the risk of maintained TMD signs and symptoms during the observation period. Conclusion. This 2-year prospective observational study indicated that self-reported bruxism and variations in dental occlusion were linked to the incidence and persistence of TMJ signs and symptoms to a higher extent than to myofascial pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence and recovery of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction during a 1-year period, and to examine factors associated with TMJ signs and symptoms. Material and Methods. The study population comprised 371 dental students examined at the start of education, out of which 308 were re-examined after 1 year. Case histories were collected with the aid of a questionnaire. The clinical examination involved TMJ mobility, TMJ pain, TMJ sounds, morphological and functional dental occlusion. Results. The 1-year incidence of TMJ signs and/or symptoms was 12%, with no statistically significant difference between men and women. Reported TMJ sounds (10%) and clinically registered TMJ pain (8%) reached the highest incidence rates. Approximately a quarter of those who had TMJ signs and/or symptoms at baseline had recovered at follow-up. Subjects with a non-symptomatic TMJ were significantly more often found among men and among those with bilateral contacts in centric relation, a normal transverse inter-maxillary relationship, and a stabile mandibular position in centric occlusion. Conclusion. The 1-year incidence of TMJ pain and/or dysfunction was high among 1st-year university students. The persistence of signs and symptoms during the observation period was related to gender, while incidence and disappearance of symptoms were not. Dental occlusion was not rejected as a possible concurrent factor in relation to TMJ pain and/or dysfunction among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]