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Antisense inhibition of microRNAs is an emerging preclinical approach to pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A leading candidate is an "antimiR" targeting microRNA‐134 (ant‐134), but testing to date has used rodent models. Here, we develop an antimiR testing platform in human brain tissue sections. Brain specimens were obtained from patients undergoing resective surgery to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Neocortical specimens were submerged in modified artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and dissected for clinical neuropathological examination, and unused material was transferred for sectioning. Individual sections were incubated in oxygenated ACSF, containing either ant‐134 or a nontargeting control antimiR, for 24 h at room temperature. RNA integrity was assessed using BioAnalyzer processing, and individual miRNA levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Specimens transported in ACSF could be used for neuropathological diagnosis and had good RNA integrity. Ant‐134 mediated a dose‐dependent knockdown of miR‐134, with approximately 75% reduction of miR‐134 at 1 μmol L−1 and 90% reduction at 3 μmol L−1. These doses did not have off‐target effects on expression of a selection of three other miRNAs. This is the first demonstration of ant‐134 effects in live human brain tissues. The findings lend further support to the preclinical development of a therapy that targets miR‐134 and offer a flexible platform for the preclinical testing of antimiRs, and other antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics, in human brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is a major unmet need for a molecular biomarker of seizures or epilepsy that lends itself to fast, affordable detection in an easy‐to‐use point‐of‐care device. Purines such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine are potent neuromodulators released during excessive neuronal activity that are also present in biofluids. Their biomarker potential for seizures and epilepsy in peripheral blood has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether blood purine nucleoside measurements can serve as a biomarker for the recent occurrence of seizures and to support the diagnosis of epilepsy. Methods: Blood purine concentrations were measured via a point‐of‐care diagnostic technology based on the summated electrochemical detection of adenosine and adenosine breakdown products (inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; SMARTChip). Measurements of blood purine concentrations were carried out using samples from mice subjected to intra‐amygdala kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus and in video‐electroencephalogram (EEG)‐monitored adult patients with epilepsy. Results: In mice, blood purine concentrations were rapidly increased approximately two‐ to threefold after status epilepticus (2.32 ±.40 µmol·L–1 [control] vs. 8.93 ± 1.03 µmol·L–1 [after status epilepticus]), and levels correlated with seizure burden and postseizure neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Blood purine concentrations were also elevated in patients with video‐EEG‐diagnosed epilepsy (2.39 ±.34 µmol·L–1 [control, n = 13] vs. 4.35 ±.38 µmol·L–1 [epilepsy, n = 26]). Significance: Our data provide proof of concept that the measurement of blood purine concentrations may offer a rapid, low‐volume bedside test to support the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]