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In this research, a systematic analysis of the impact of calcination temperature on the structural and biological characteristics of titania nanotube synthesized during alkaline hydrothermal transformation of TiO2under atmospheric conditions has been evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, MTT assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. XRD results revealed that annealing of titania nanotube led to appear anatase phase which completely converted to this phase at 650°C that display the deterioration of layered structure and the breakdown of walls of titanate. Finally, biological evaluation indicated clearly that TiO2nanotubes promote the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells in comparison with TiO2nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this research, TiO2-derived nanotubes were obtained when TiO2nanopowders were treated chemically with NaOH aqueous solution at various reaction temperatures and subsequently, washing with HCl aqueous solution. While increasing temperature, the morphology altered from spherical particles to sheets at 90°C and then to nanotubes when temperature became higher. Therefore, the reaction temperature is a key factor in elucidating the aspect ratio of tubes, whereby specific surface area varied from 66 m2/g for TiO2nanopowders and reached 337 m2/g for synthesized nanotube at 150°C that are expected to have great potentials for biomedical applications. Also, X-ray diffraction results clearly showed the conversion particle to tube of including Na2Ti3O7phase. Electron microscopy micrographs presented the needle-shaped materials with a tubular structure, less than 50 nm in diameter and with length of few hundred nanometers, as well as scroll-like structure and multilayered. Eventually, the 1D prepared structures displayed a remarkable stability during heating and remaining composition even up to 600°C. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]