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This study demonstrated the possibility of using the digital image model and Detect The RGB Colour Vegetation Indicators for Cabbage and Lettuce Crop under nitrogen deficiency and water deficiency. For cabbage, the results show the relationship between the vegetation indicators based on colour indicators and the different fertilization levels of cabbage crops, which were at level (50 ETC), indicating that the Hue index and vegetative reached their heights indicators in the fourth level of fertilization (150%) respectively, which amounted to 2.23 and 2.03. While their minimum indicators were the third level of fertilization and amounted to 2.10 and 0.64 respectively. For Lettuce, the results demonstrated the correlation between the color indicators and the fertilization level (0%), which was at level (100% ETC), during the third stage of irrigation. The simple red-green ratio, green-red vegetation index, and visible atmospherically resistant index all reached their maximum indicators on irrigation, amounting to 0.9, 0.84, and 1.07 respectively, while the simple blue-green ratio, green leaf was increasing until it reached 0.22, 0.73, then followed by the normalized green-blue difference whose maximum indicator reached 0.67 in the same period. As a result of irrigation, the RGB-based vegetation indexes 2 and 3 attained their maximum indicators, which were 5.56 and 6.74, respectively. After watering, the Hue index and vegetative indicators attained their respective peak values of 2.23 and 2.81. While their minimum markers were 2.16 and 2, respectively, before irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the possibility of using infrared thermography IR to detect and continuously monitor for lettuce plants growing conditions. Also, discernment plants stresses under the shortage of nitrogen and irrigation water. The results showed for Lettuce plants, At the level of fertilization (0%), the maximum values of lettuce the lowest values for MTD maximum temperature difference, and normalized relative canopy temperature NRCT were 0.673 and 0.1 °C at irrigation systems ETC 100% and ETC 50% and nitrogen fertilization systems at 0% level.. And ETC 50% and systems and nitrogen fertilization level 100%. In the fourth level of fertilization (150%), the maximum value of leaf temperature was 24, 23, 22.5, and 23 °C and NRCT was 5.5 and 3.5 °C, and the lowest values for MTD and NRCT were 0.82, 0.28 °C, and 0.018 °C at 0.018 °C. Irrigation ETC 100% and ETC 50% and systems and nitrogen fertilization standard 150%. Also crop water stress index increased from 0.18. at the initial stage to 0.4. and at rapid stage, mid-season stage, and late season stage increased from 0.28 to 0.45, from 0.3 to 0.5, and from 0.31 to 0.59 respectively at constant irrigation level (0%) and the fertilization level from 0 % to 100%, also the index of stomatal conductance with the same trend the crop water stress index increased from 0.51. at the initial stage to 1.26. and at rapid stage, mid-season stage, and late season stage increased from 0.36 to 2.14, from 0.93 to 3.52, and from 0.95 to 5.52 respectively at constant irrigation level (0%) and the fertilization level from 0 % to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims tot Study the effect of using two different heating methods on stabilization of flaxseeds using a rotating cylindrical dryer with conduction & infrared heating systems. The study also tested and evaluated two different mathematical models to describe the drying behavior of flaxseed, with linking the constants in the Mathematical examined equations to the experimental variables. The most appropriate mathematical model to describe the behavior of flaxseed moisture loss was also determined. The samples used for experimental work were fresh flax seed at moisture content 11±1 % wb. Four different temperatures of the surface of the cylinder (90, 105, 120 and 135oC at 3, 6. 9, 12, 15 and 18 minutes were examined for the conduction heating dryer. At Infrared treatments fixed feeding rate of 2 kg was used at radiation intensity of 53.01, 331.6, 477.5, 848.89 and 1,326.39 w/m2 and exposure times of 3, 6. 9, 12 and 15 minutes. The results showed that, for conduction heating process using heat treatment at 105 0Cfor min gives the best result in terms of lower free fatty acids and peroxide value, But in Infra-red treatment the best result was obtained at 331.59 w/m² for 15 min [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of cold pressing and low temperature techniques to produce oil and cakeform flax seeds. Also, to evaluate the performance of the oil press machine and discuss cold press extraction is one of the methods of mechanical extraction as well as required less energy than other oil extraction techniques and also environmentally friendly. The samples were used from fresh flax seed weighted as a amount of feeding at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg at 12% db moisture content. The results with cold pressing showed according feeding ratio increased from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %. operation time increased to 8, 16, 23, 32- and 38- min. addition to the temperature start at 29 0C. and increase by 31, 34, 35, 36 and 370C. Also, the oil product increased by 184, 402, 576, 775 and 981g. Cake product increased by 786, 1,576, 2,351, 3,196 and 3,991g. While with low temperature techniques using heater start temperature at 470C for all the samples the feeding ratio increased from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %. the extraction time increased from 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 min. The oil product increased by 187, 388, 581, 783 and 991 g., cake product increased by 800, 1,591, 2,394, 3,191 and 3,900 g. according feeding ratio increased from 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %. but the temperature decreased from 43, 42, 41, 40 and 390C after using cold pressing and low temperature techniques the oil quality have high contents of functional EPA (20:5 ω 3) and DHA (22:6 ω 3) for oil flax cake. Also, oxidizability index was 1.318. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this study were to provide thermal comfort environment, reduce heating for energy requirements and specific heating for power and maximize meat production. The air heating system performance was evaluated under with and without duct during the life cycle of 1 to 5 weeks of age. The results showed that, at first brooding stage using forced-air heating system without perforated poly-ethylene tube the air temperature at height of 0.25m above floor the air temperature close to the floor was lower than the recommended by 4.11°C and 4.64°C at 2 and 8 day of age, respectively. While, using it with perforated poly ethylene tube the air temperature close to the floor was higher than the recommended temperature by 0.12°C and lower than the recommended by 3.36°C at 3 and 8day of age, respectively. Average indoor air relative humidity through the birds' life when using heater with perforated poly-ethylene tube reduced by 12.92% comparing with using heater without perforated polyethylene tube. Using perforated poly - ethylene tube reduce total energy requirements and specific heating power by 17.84 and 20.82% at the end of life and increased average body weight from 1.9 to 2.1 kg at fifth week of age. Hence, it is recommended to operate forced - air heating system using perforated poly - ethylene tube to obtain thermal comfort environment, reduce heating energy requirements, and specific heating power and maximize meat production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to study some environmental factors affecting broiler housing in winter season. The results showed that, temperature fluctuations between house ceiling and floor ranged between 0.4 to 5.93 ºC during the first two days of age. The average house temperature reduced gradually from 29.7 to 21.3 ºC. The indoor relative humidity ranged between 43.6 to 74.3 %. Specific heating power, specific fuel consumption and heating energy requirements ranged between 3850.2 W/ºC , 0.34 kg /h. ºC and 308.9 kJ/h. kg at the first week of age to 6213.4 W/ºC , 0.36 kg /h. ºC and 19.3 kJ/h. kg at the end of the life respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]