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Soil microbial respiration (SMR 1 ) is a major flux of CO 2 from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere, which depends on several abiotic factors, including soil temperature and nutrient availability. A nutrient of great interest in soil ecology is nitrogen (N) because of its use in agriculture and an expected increase of depositions in soils. Models on the relationship between SMR and temperature may be able to describe the effects of N addition on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q 10 2 ). Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of N addition on SMR and Q 10 values in soils of native Brazilian Cerrado (NC 3 ), and of an agricultural ecosystem (AE 4 ) in samples of Cerrado sites depending on the land use type and temperature assessed. The addition of 200 N kg dwt soil -1 ) in samples of Cerrado sites depending on the land use type and temperature assessed. The addition of 200 N kg dwt soil -1 to NC showed higher SMR values at 25 °C compared to soil without N input, whereas the same happened in AE at 30 °C. Overall, NC presented higher Q 10 values than AE. N inputs increased Q 10 in the Cerrado sites. In NC, the highest Q 10 value occurred when 200 mg N kg dwt soil -1 was added to soil, whereas in AE the greatest value was observed for a lower dose (100 mg N kg dwt soil -1 ). This study shows that N additions to tropical soils alter Q 10 values depending on dose and land use. These are important findings to compare the fragility of pristine and cultivated Brazilian Cerrado ecosystems in the perspective of climate change., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)