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This work presents a fully coupled constitutive model for thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. This model, with 18 parameters, can consider the primary features of unsaturated soils, such as mechanical responses at various temperatures and matric suctions, drying/wetting behaviour (water retention curves and volumetric strain) at various temperatures and net stresses, and thermal volumetric behaviour at various matric suctions. A numerical example on a drained heating-drying-isotropic loading-wetting path is used to show the basic properties and performance of the proposed model. Finally, the proposed model is validated against experimental data for temperature/suction-controlled isotropic tests, temperature-controlled wetting-drying tests, suction-controlled heating-cooling tests and temperature/suction-controlled triaxial tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drastic junction temperature fluctuations of power modules in electric vehicles (EV) have a significant impact on system reliability. This paper aims to estimate the junction temperature of IGBT modules with direct coolant for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) under complex boundary conditions. The advantage of the thermal network proposed in this article is that it does not require any temperature sensor except the built-in negative thermal coefficient (NTC) thermistor. Finally, the good accuracy of this model is demonstrated by a series of experiments considering complicated boundary conditions and multiple working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]